DOS MS-Windows UNIX Linux Visual C++ VB PASCAL ... GKS PHIGS OPEN GL ... CorelDraw, AutoCAD ...

CRT (Cathod-Ray Tube) To 8-9: Vector / Random Display to 15 --- Storage Tube Display To 6---Raster Display to 17 To 17 to 21 To 26

CRT

CRT

CRTXY 1/10 301/30( resolution) Pixel 2.5

CRT RGB

Raster Scan DisplayCPU---- Frame Buffer RGB 1 bit 8bit 256 RGB Color Table R G B 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

1024768Frame Buffer(x,y)(x,y)1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1

1024768 color lookup table)24 bitR G B28025520 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0(x,y)(x,y)color lookup table

display controller

I/OCPUmemoryFrame Buf.Video controllerBUS

xyxy(x,y)

Displays Processor CPU : Scan conversion

Random scan displays

Random-scanCRT,.CPU----DPU--SCREEN

I/O

E&S Tornado1920 x 1200 (2424Z- 2048 x 7683D 5M/s3D 5M/s 100M/s

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( Graphics Server) Client

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GKS 2D,3D)PHIGSOpenGL

GKS, PHIGS, OpenGLCGICGMIGES,STEPIInitial Graphics Exchange SystemStandard for the Exchange ofProduct model Data

GKS-Graphics Kernal System/ MCModeling Coordinates WC(World Coordinates)Viewing Coordinates)NDC(Normalized Device Coordinate)DC(Device Coordinate)

WC NDC NDC DC Polyline Polymarker Text Fill Area Cell Array Generalized Drawing Primitive Segment

Locater Stroke Valuator Choice Pick String

PHIGS(PHIGS +)Programmers Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System CGICGM Computer Graphics Metafile

OpenGL (gl) .

OpenGL Utility glu 2

OpenGL Utility Toolkit glut

OSMS windows WGL

OpenGL: 3 Bezier Emitted LightAmbient LightDiffuse LightSpecular Light Texture Mapping BlendingAntialiasingfog Double Buffering

OpenGL MicrosoftSGIIBMDECSUNHP

OpenGL for Windows OpenGL100115glOpenGLOpenGL utility libraryGLU43gluOpenGLOpenGL auxiliarylibraryGLAUX31aux