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12. : . ? ....................................................................................... 42 13. : ., .. 43 14. : ? .................................................................... 46 15. .: ................... 55 17. . ........................................................... 5917.01. : ................................................................................60

3

17.02. ..... 60 17.03. ............... 60 17.04. .................................. 61 17.05. : 406 ............................... 61 17.06. ................................... 61 17.07. ..................................................................... 61 17.08. ......................................................... 62 17.09. .. 62 17.10. : .......................................................................................... 62 17.11. : .......................................... 63 17.12. . ........................................................................... 63 17.13. ......................................................................................................... 63 17.14. .................................. 63 17.15. . : ............................................................................. 64

18. () ................................................................................................................... 6418.01. ............................................................ 64 18.02. ...... 67 18.03. , ................ 68 18.04. .................................................... 68 18.05. .................................................................. 69 18.06. ? .................................................. 70 18.07. ? ............. 71 18.08. ? ............................................................ 73 18.09. ? .............................................. 74 18.10. , ?................................................................................... 75 18.11. , ? .................. 75 18.12. , ? ............. 76 18.13. .......................................................................................................... 76

19. . () ............................................................................................................... 7819.01. ......................................................... 78 19.02. ................................................. 79 19.03. ................................................................ 79 ..................... 79 ......................................................................................................... 79

19.04. ?................................................ 80 19.05. ? .......... 81 19.06. ?.......................................................... 81 19.07. ?............................................ 81 19.08. , ?................................................................................... 82 19.09. , ? ............... 83 19.10. , ? ......... 83 19.11. ....................................................................................................... 83

20. ,

4

, ............................. 8420.01. 20.02, 20.03. 20.04. 20.05. 20.06. . .........................................84 , .............................................................................84 (1) ....................................................................................................................85 (2). ...................................................................................................................86 (3) ....................................................................................................................88 (4) ....................................................................................................................88

21. , ........................................ 92 22. . . ........................... 11022.01. . .........................................................110 2011 22 N127............112 ............................................................113 ..............116

22.02. 7494802 .........................................................................116 22.03. 7494802 .................................................................123 () 2004 26 :....124 () 2004 27 :....126 . , . 1999 5 : ........128 1999 5 : .......................................129 - 2004 2 : .........................131 1994 10 : ....................................131 - 1994 1 : .....................131 () 1997 5 : ............132 () 1997 6 : ............133 () 1997 10 : ..........133 ( ) 1997 . 19-20-21 . : .....134 () 1999 10 : .................................137 1999 12 : .........................................138 2004 21 : .................................................139 2004 23 :..................................................140 2004 7 :.....................................................140 XXI 2001 20 , : ................................................140 1999 12 :...............................141 2004 12 : ...................................................142 2004 21 :.....................................144 2004 15 : .................................................145

22.04. ...........................................................147 1997 : ....................147 1999 5 :.......................................................................................................147 ( ) 1997 :..................................................................................148 . 2004 6 . : ......148 2004 21 : ....................................148 2004 12 2004 3 : ...................................................................................................149 1997 20 : ...............149

22.05. .......................................................................................150

5

........... 150

22.06. ........ 153 . ............................................................................................. 153 :........................................................................... 154 :............................................................................. 155 : .................................................................................. 157 () :.......................................................... 159 :................................................................................. 160 : ..................................................................... 160 . : ........... 161 . : ..... 162 :.................................................................... 163 :........................................................................... 165 :............................................................................................................ 166 :............................................................................... 167 : ............................................................................. 168 : .......................................................................... 168 :................................................................................... 169 : ............................ 170 :........................................................................ 174 . : .... 175 , : ............................................................................... 176 : .................................................................... 177 : ................................................................. 178 : ...................................................................................... 192 :............................................................................... 194 : ......................................................... 196 : .............................................................. 199 : ................................................................................... 202 : .............................................................................. 202 : ............................................................................. 203 : ................................................................................. 204 : .......................................................................... 204 : ............................................................................... 206 :......................................................................... 208 : .................................................................................... 209 :.... 210 : .............................................................................. 211 :........................................................................... 211 :................................................................ 212 - : ....................................................... 213

22.07. , :........................................................................ 2131992 , . .................................................................................... 213 1992 ( )............................................................. 213 1992 , , ................................................................................... 214 ?................................................................................................ 215 ? .......................................................................... 216 ? ......................... 220 ?........ 221 ? ....................................................................................... 221

22.08. 7494802 ................................................................................................. 222

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22.09. 7494802 ..............250:.................................................................................................................250 . : ....250 2. ; ..................................................................................252 3. ; ..........................................252 4. - ( ) ( ) ;.....................252 5. ( ) :..................................................................................................253 6. () . ....................................................................................253

22.10. ...............................................................................254 ....................................................................................................................257 - . :................................................................................................................259 . .....259 . 2007.........262 ......................................................263

22.11. :...........................................................................2632010 25 . . . ..............................263 2010 27 . ...............................................................264 2010 25 . ..........................................................................265

22.12. 7494802 ........................................................................................266 ........266 7494802 .................................................268

22.13. ....................................................................................................278

7

-16 - ............................................. 278 :............................ 278 ........................................................................................................... 279 .................................................................................................................. 279 ................................................................................................................. 282 ............................. 282 ..................................................... 282 ......................................................................... 284 ...................................................................................................................... 285 .................................................................. 287 ........ 287

22.14. . ......................................................... 287

23. . ................................................................................. 290 24. ....................... 291 25. : ........................................................................................................... 292 26. ........................................................ 293 27. .............................. 295 28. : ............................... 296 29. . ............................................................................................................. 298 30. ...................... 300 31. : . ............................................................................... 305 32. .: .............. 306 33. , 1994 ................................................... 309 34. () ................................................................. 310 35. ............................................................................................. 314 - ........................................................................................ 314

36. . . - . 11 1994 ................................................................................... 316

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10. : , ( - ) , - , , , ( ) . - ! . . . , , - , 7. , . , , - . 8. . .9. , , . . . -- , - . - , , , , - . - , , :Ex-georgian President A Suicide. Chicago Tribune, January 05, 1994. Zviad Gamsakhurdia, the ousted Georgian president who has been leading a rebellion, killed himself after being surrounded by pro-government forces, Russian news agencies quoted his wife as saying Wednesday.7

. - . .9

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Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, 20 April 2001, Volume 4, Number 15, FORMER GEORGIAN PRESIDENTS SUICIDE AGAIN CALLED INTO QUESTION: As predicted, ArchvadzeGamsakhurdia did subsequently claim that, rather than commit suicide, her husband had been murdered. In August 1994 Interfax quoted her as saying that he was killed on orders from his former premier, Bessarion Gugushvili.

20

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/Video/z_gamsaxurdias_gadmosvenebis_komisia_groznishi.wmv /Video/z_gamsaxurdias_gadmosvenebis_komisia_tbilisshi.wmv /Video/z-jandarbievi_z-gamsaxurdias_tvitmkvlelobaze.wmv 11 Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, 20 April 2001, Volume 4, Number 15: The Guardian quoted then Georgian Deputy Security Minister Avtandil Ioseliani as saying... Manana refused to let us perform an autopsy so that in two years time she can say he was murdered and hold it against the Georgian state, Ioseliani added. 12 Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, 27 March 1998, WHO KILLED ZVIAD GAMSAKHURDIA? Manana Archvadze-Gamsakhurdia, widow of the former Georgian president, has accused former Georgian Finance Minister Guram Absandze of instigating her husbands murder.

21

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DVD : /Video/mocmeebi_itkhoven_expertizas.wmv . DVD-: /Video/kokos_komisia_ganshifrva_28-04-2010.mp4 15 - 48(587), 2005 28 4 . 22

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Vitautas Eidukaitis. Vienisos vilkes vaikai. Kario Dienorastis, 2001, Kaunas.

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3. . 4. , , . 5. , . [.14] . - 13.1.1994. , - , , . [.15] 20 ( , . ) - , , , , ( , , [.16] , . 35 , [.33] 16 - . . 16 , , - , - 13 36. , 17 , 14 : ., [.34] ., ., ., ., ., ., .. , -: ; ; , . . - ( ). 36 , - . 4435

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14. : ? 41 , , . , , . , . , , . -, , , . , . , , . , , . , . , . , . , , . , , , . 39

, . : , . : Ex-georgian President A Suicide. Chicago Tribune,

January 05, 1994. Zviad Gamsakhurdia, the ousted Georgian president who has been leading a rebellion, killed himself after being surrounded by pro-government forces, Russian news agencies quoted his wife as saying Wednesday. The reports by Interfax and ITAR-Tass could not be immediately confirmed. Georgian officials suggested Gamsakhurdia, 54, may have been shot in a quarrel with his supporters. .

! 40 , . , . , . ! 41 , . DVD-: Documents/asavali_2010-jul-19_gugushvili_guchua.pdf 46

, , , , - . , , , . , , , , , , , , . , , . , . , , , , , . , , , , , . , , ... , . : 5 , , . ( , , , ) , , , - , , . , , , , . , , , . , , , . , . , . , , () . , , . , , , , , . , , ( ) , , . , , , , , , . . , . , . , , - . , , . , , , .

47

, , . ( ), , , , . . , , . , , , , : - , , . , , , - . , . - -- , -. , , 25 , , , . , , . , , , , . , , , . , , , , : , ? , . , , , , , . , . , - , . , , , , , , , . , , , , , . , , , , , . , , , . , , . , , . : , , , , . . , , . -- -- , , . , . , . , , . , 48

, , , , , , , , . , , . , , , , , , , , , 14 . , . , , . , - . : , , . . , . , , , . , , , . . . , ! , . , - . , : , , , - , ... , , , , . , , , , , . , . : , , , , , , , . , , . , , , , . . , . , . , , . , . , , , , , , , . , , , , , . , . , ( . ) . , . , ? , , , . , 49

, , . , . , , . , , , . , , , , , , . , , , , , . , , . , . , , , , . , , , . , , , . , , , . , . , . , , , . , , , . , , , , , 42. , , , , , . , , , , , , , . , . , . , . , . , , , . , , . , , , . , , . , . , , , , ( , , , ). , , . , , , ( , ,) , , , . , . , , , , , . , , . , , , , , .42

. , . 50

, . . , . , . , , , . . , , , , , , . , , . , , , , , . . . , , . , . , , , . , . , , , , , , . , . , . , , , , . , . , , , , , . , , , , . , , . , , , . , , : , ? , : , . , , , , , , . , , , , , . , , . , , , , , , . , , . , - , , , . ! . , , . , , , , , , . , , . , , - , , , .

51

, . , . , . , , - . , , . , , . , - . , , . , , , , , . , , , , , . , , , , , , , . , , . , . , , . , , , , , , , . , , , , . , , , . . , . , , , , . . , , . , , -- , , . , , , , , . , , , . , . , . , 43. , , 44. , , . , . . , , - , , , , , - . , , , , . . , , , , , , . , . . , , , . , 43 44

... , . 52

, . , , . , . , , , , . , , . , , . , . , . , , , , , , , . , . . , , . , . , , , . : , , , -. , ? , , . , , , . . 28 , . 29-, , , , . . , . , . , . , . , 30 , , . , . , , , , . , 11-12 , : , ( ), , - . , , . , . , , . , . , , , . , , . , , . . , . , , . , , , , --, . , , , . , , , , . , , , , , . 31 . , . , . . . , . , , , . 45. , 12 . 45

. 53

. , . , . , , -, , .. , . 3 , , . , , , . , . , . , - . , . , , . . , . , - . , . , , . , , , . , , , , . - , . , , , . -, . , , , . , , , . , , , , . , , . , , . , , , . , , , , , . , , , , , , . , . , , . , , , . , , . , , , , , . , . . , , . , . , , , , , . ? -, ? ? , , , ,54

, . , , , . , , , . , . : , , , , ? - ( ), ; , . . , , , . , . , , , , , . , , , . , , , . , , , . 26.04.2007,

15. .: 46. 24 . - 2006. - 5 . - N175 (1327). - .8.9 1994 5 4 , ", , , . , . " , - . - . - . : . , . , 1993 5 - " . , . 16 17 - , . . , , . . 1992 46

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17.01. : Manual of Forensic Emergency Medicine: A Guide for Clinicians By Ralph Riviello. Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2010, Medical, 303 pages. P.13. The location of the gun at the time of death can also help a physician determine whether the death is a suicide. In the case of handgun use, the gun is found in the hands of the deceased person 25% of the time... In addition, the gun is much more likely to be found in the victim's hand if the victim was sitting or lying down at the time of the incident as opposed to standing up. Because most studies show that only approximately 80% of suicide wounds are contact or near contact, it is also possible to see intermediate distance wounds on the skin. With handguns, intermediate pattern occurs starting at 10 mm and continues to approximately 2 m depending on the type of powder in the gun. What characterizes intermediate shots is the presence of powder tattooing around the wound. Powder tattooing occurs when the powder grains that exit the gun produce punctuate abrasions on the skin. Unlike soot marks, these cannot be washed off. At a distance of up to 1 m, there can still be burning of the skin. As the distance from muzzle to skin increases, soot marks diminish and powder tattooing increases. The diameter of powder tattooing also increases as the distance from the gun barrel does. 25%- -

... ... 80%- , ... 10 ... ( 20% - ).

17.02. Autopsy features relevant for discrimination between suicidal and homicidal gunshot injuries B. Karger, E. Billeb, E. Koops and B. Brinkmann Int J Legal Med. 2002 Oct;116(5):273-8. Epub 2002 Aug 16. In suicidal gunshots to the right temple (n=107), only 6% of the bullet paths were directed downwards and only 4% were directed from back-to-front... (107 ) 6%- ( - .) 4% -... ( - - )...

17.03. Characterization of the gunshot suicides Balci Y, Canogullari G, Ulupinar E. J Forensic Leg Med. 2007 May;14(4):203-8. Epub 2007 Feb 23. In the majority of cases, (72.3%) the shooting distance was contact or near contact. Most of the entrance wounds (75.0%) were located in the head and neck region and the direction of the bullet path was upward and front-to-back... 60

72.3%- ... ( , 27%- .)... 75% ... ( , 25%- )

17.04. Gunshot Wounds Lecture Notes, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Dundee, p.18. In about 20% of suicides the weapon is found clutched in the hand... 20%- -

... 17.05. : 406 Suicidal gunshot wounds to the head : a retrospective review of 406 cases Blumenthal, Ryan. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2007 Dec; 28(4) : 288-91. Of those examined, 81% were contact gunshot wounds. The trajectory was upward in 51% of cases and horizontal in 24% of cases... 81% . 51% 24%- ... ( -

25%- - )... 17.06. Weapon location following suicidal gunshot wounds Garavaglia JC and Talkington B The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology : official publication of the National Association of Medical Examiners 20(1) : 1-5,1999 Mar PubMed ID: 10208326 In the... 498 cases, the gun remained in the deceased's hand in 24% of the cases. In the case of handguns, the gun was found in the hand in 25.7% of individuals. The gun had a greater chance of remaining in the deceased's hand if the person was lying or sitting when the gunshot wound was received. Variables such as gender of the individual, wound location, and caliber of handgun were not significant in predicting whether the gun stayed in the hand after a suicidal gunshot wound... .

498 , 24%- ... 25.7%-... ... ( - ) , ... 17.07. Autopsy findings of suicidal deaths committed by firearms in Ankara, Turkey 61

Gurol Canturk, Nergis Canturk, Aysun Balseven Odabasi, Zerrin Erkol, Memnune Bosgelmez Dt Medicine, Science and the Law, Vol 49, Nr 3, Pp. 207-212 Out of 143 bullet entries, 116 (81.12%) were caused by gunshots fired from contact or near contact range... 143 81.12%- ... ( 19%

- ). 17.08. Myths about Suicide Thomas E. Joiner Harvard University Press, 2010, Psychology, 288 pages. p. 11-12. A 2001 report from the same journal reviewed over 1,700 cases of suicide by self-inflicted gunshot wound. In sixty-eight of the cases, the entrance wound was to the back of the head, contradicting a popular idea that such cases invariably involve homicide. In over thirty cases, the gun had been fired at intermediate range (e.g., more than two feet away), again contrary to the dictum that this signifies homicide. A report from 1999 adds to the list of sure-fire indications of homicide that are not so sure-fire. When people die by self-inflicted gunshot wound, the weapon remains in their hand in only around 25 percent of the cases... 1700 68 -

, , . 30- ( 60 )... 25%- ... 17.09. Crime science: methods of forensic detection By Joe Nickell, John F. Fischer, 1999, Law, Pp. 300 The presence of the weapon tightly gripped in the hand (by cadaveric spasm) is a strong indication of suicide... p. 257 -

)

( -

(cadaveric spasm, ): Cadaveric spasm, also known as instantaneous rigor, cataleptic rigidity, or instantaneous rigidity, is a rare form of muscular stiffening that occurs at the moment of death, persists into the period of rigor mortis. The cause is unknown, but is usually associated with violent deaths happening under extremely physical circumstances with intense emotion. Cadaveric spasm may affect all muscles in the body, but typically only groups, such as the forearms, or hands. Cadaveric spasm often crystallizes the last activity one did prior to death and is therefore significant in forensic investigations, e.g. holding onto a knife tightly. (cadaveric spasm, ) ...

17.10. : An introduction to the work of a medical examiner: from death scene to An introduction to the work of a medical examiner: from death scene to Autopsy Suite 62

By John J. Miletich, Tia Laura Lindstrom, Cyril H. (FRW) Wecht, p.74 Its also possible for a person to shoot herself twice due to cadaveric spasm... ... (- " - )...

17.11. : Criminal investigation: law and practice Michael F. Brown, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001,Law, 348 pages, p. 193-194 Occasionally investigators will encounter a cadaveric spasm or death grip For example. in cases of suicide involving a firearm, the weapon may still be clutched tightly in the victims hand. In other cases, drivers killed in automobile accidents have been found with both hands gripping the steering wheel, even though the arms may have suffered numerous fractures on impact... "cadaveric spasm"- " . , , -

. , , , ... 17.12. .Autopsy features relevant for discrimination between suicidal and homicidal gunshot injuries B. Karger, E. Billeb, E. Koops and B. Brinkmann, p. 275. International Journal of Legal Medicine, Volume 116, Number 5, 273-278. Entrance wound right temple, horizontal and frontal plane. The direction of the bullet path in 123 cases: Front-to-back 69 (64.5%), Parallel 34 (31.8%), Back-to-front 4 (3.7%); Upwards 65 (60.7%), Parallel 36 (33.6%), Downwards 6 (5.7%). 6%- -.

17.13. Firearm Suicides in the North of Portugal Ana Faceira, Agostinho Santos, Lino Aranda Assuno Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2010/2011 In the 170 cases of suicide by firearm were found 172 entrance wounds, because in two cases (1.2%) there were two entrance wounds. The shooting was carried out with the firearm at a near contact distance in 39 (55.7%) of the 70 cases in which information about the shooting distance was available. The remaining 31 shots (44.3%) were carried out with the firearm at contact distance. ( 172) ... 55%- . 44.7%- .

17.14. Firearm injuries Written by Dr. D. Rao Forensic pathology online Close Range Wounds: Within a distance of about 15cm, the pellets strike the target as a tightly knit mass and produce a single defect, circular or oval usually 3 to 4 cm. in diamer. The margins of the skin wound may be clean cut or slightly ragged. The deeper tissues show marked disruption. The skin surrounding the defect is blackened by smoke and burnt by flame. Unburnt 63

particles of powder are embedded in the skin, producing tattooing, powder stippling or peppering. : 15 ... , 3 4 . . ()

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18.10. , ? , 1994 17 . , , " , , , , 1994 17 , , , . " , ? , 92 , .

18.11. , ? . , ", 93 , , " , . , , , . , . , , 1994 , 94 " , " . ? , ? , : 1) , 2) , , . , , , . , , . . , . -. 93 . , - . 94 : : , ? , , . 7592

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18.13. 96 , , , , . . , 97 , . ? ? , , , 98 , , , , , . , () . . ! 96 , , , , . . 97 , , , - . 98 . , , . . 7695

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19.01. , , , , ( - ) - , , . - . , , , . . , 1994 10 7494802, - 18 ( ) , - ! , 2007 ( .. ., ) - 103 () 103

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, , . , , 1994 17 , - , , 138 . , - , . , . , . , , , , . , 139 . . - . , : , , , , , , . , , . 140 , . . 29. 06. 2010.

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-150 . , , 151 . 1993 24 . , . , , . , . , , , . (. 152 , ) . , , , . , , , , . . . , , 153 . - , , . 154 1993 31 , . . 150 . 151 . . . : , , ... 152 , . , . 153 , , : "Briefing on Current Situation in Georgia and Implications for U.S. Policy ( )", Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Monday, October 25, 1993, Washington, DC. 154 , , , 31 ? 117

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