© 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa Business Broadcast Announcing Worktext.

© 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa Business

Broadcast Announcing Worktext

This week at RTV

• 1. Don’t forget to LOG YOUR LAB HOURS!• Ways to earn lab hours: • Monday: MPW/ Multimedia Fest Committee at

11am• Tuesday: Radio Station Meeting (11am) & Sports

Workshop (12pm)• Thursday: RTV Club (12pm) Film Club (starts next

week)(1pm)• Friday: (10am) DCTV Network Meeting (sports,

news, entertainment, ect)

Objectives for today:

• Power point for Chapter 1, Intro to announcing• Power point for Chapter 2, Vocal Development

• Take a look at wix.com and weebly.com • How to create an account. • Turn in your Ultimate media proposal assignment.

http://wix.com/


Chapter Outline

• Announcer defined• Historical and Employment Perspective• Specialization• Requirements

• College degree• Physical requirements• Emotional requirements• Practical experience• Responsibilities

• Role Models


What is an announcer?

• Announces station program information, public service announcements, intro and close programs, ad lib

• News, weather, sports, time, commercials• Media performer• Talent• Personality


Historical Perspective

• Product of electronic era• Early radio: all male,

stylized delivery, formal setting

• Today-conversational and male and female


Employment Perspective

• Small number of positions• By 2018, workforce projection is 65,000• Salaries tend to be low; driven by market size and

experience• Mean salary in 2010 -$40,000• Range -$19/hour to $10-15 million annually


Announcer Specialization

• Music Announcing• News Announcing

• Anchors and Reporters

• Sports Announcing• Sportscaster, play-by-play announcer, play analyst

• Specialty Announcing• Voiceover, narrators, talk show host

• Work in more than one area


College Degree

• Not always necessary• Options are trade school or a college• BA Needed in news and management• Provides a competitive advantage in a very

competitive field• Need-general education, media education and

specialized education• Writing and telling a story important


Physical Requirements

• Pleasing sound• Free from regional accents• Standard American English• Outstanding word pronunciation and accurate

grammar usage.• TV requires attractive appearance• Stamina• Physical strength to carry equipment


Emotional Requirements

• Ability to handle stress• Time constraints• No room for error

• Perfectionist attitude


Practical Experience

• Try to gain as much experience as possible• Internships-more than one• Work at a college station


Announcer Responsibility

• Entertain, perform, persuade• Communicate to an audience-who are they? What

are their likes and dislikes? Life style information• Social responsibility• Participate in community activities• Do not misuse position• Properly operate equipment• Emergency notification


Role Models

Learn what has worked for others

Do not copy; be yourself


Summary

• Announcer defined• Historical and Employment Perspective• Specialization• Requirements

• College degree• Physical requirements• Emotional requirements• Practical experience• Responsibilities

• Role Models

Broadcast Announcing Worktext

Chapter 4Vocal Development

Chapter Outline

• How Sound is Produced• Diaphragmatic Breathing and Proper Breathing

Posture• Element of Vocal Development: Volume, Pitch,

Rate, Tone, Articulation• Pronunciation and Sub-standard pronunciation• Common Vocal Problems• Caring for Your Voice

The Vocal Mechanism

How Sound is Produced

• Diaphragm contracts and draws air into the lungs• Diaphragm relaxes, stomach contracts and air

forced up through trachea to larynx• Larynx or voice box contains vocal cords• When silent, cords relaxed and passage open• When speaking, cords become tight, air passes

over, causing vibration and sound

Vocal Cords

How Sound is Produced II

• Vibrating air continues up to the head and mouth• Bones of sinuses and head, and mouth act as

resonators to the sound• Teeth, tongue, jaw and palate articulate sounds to

form words

Articulators

How Sound Is Produced-Summary

• Important to control the diaphragm muscle• Three-step Process:

• Sound created by air passing through vocal cords• Sound amplified and improved by the bones of the

sinuses and head (resonance)• Words are shaped by the articulators ; mouth, teeth,

tongue, jaws and palate

Diaphragmatic Breathing Technique

• Inhale- deep breath forces diaphragm down and stomach area out

• Exhale- diaphragm relaxes and stomach pushes in• To feel correct muscles lay on floor, place a book

just below rib cage, breath until you can move the boo up and down

• Proper breathing helps tone and lengthens time you can speak without a breath

Proper Breathing Posture

• Standing-feet slightly apart, weight slightly on balls of feet, head up, knees slightly flexed, hips straight, back straight

• Sitting-edge of chair, feet flat, back straight• As breath in, abdomen pushes out; chest and

shoulders remain even and do not rise • Allows for maximum expansion of diaphragm• Natural way to breath, not thoracic breathing

Vocal Development-Volume

• Loudness or softness of your voice• Contributes to perception of energy and

enthusiasm• Adds to interpretation of copy• Do not rely on volume control on board• Use projection-when speaking to someone at a

distance we “push” the sound out (use the abdominal muscles)

Vocal Development-Pitch

• The highness or lowness of your voice• Use full pitch range with emphasis on the naturally

lower range• Low range about 1/4 up from the lowest pitch

with which you speak

Vocal Development-Tone

• Quality of sound; also called timbre• Affected by what surrounds the vibrators;

difference in musical instruments• Material that surrounds vibrators, vibrates or

resonates sound in different ways; known as tone quality

• To develop tone, learn to resonant sound in chest throat and head-helps to relax and use a high quality mic

Vocal Development-Articulation

• Sounds shaped into recognizable words• Use of articulators-lips, teeth, tongue, jaw, hard

and soft palates• Produce sounds that are clear but not too precise• Need a relaxed open jaw and mouth and

moistened mouth• Practice looking in a mirror and over articulating

Pronunciation

• The way in which words are spoken by uttering the proper sound and stressing the proper syllable

• Always look up words if unfamiliar and practice out loud

• Pronunciation guides included in wire copy or at station or on line

Pronunciation II

• “A” pronounced “uh” not “aye”• “The” pronounce “thuh” not “thee”• Foreign pronunciation• Communities, lakes and streams derived from

other languages• Regional accents• Use of phonetic spelling

Sub Standard Pronunciation

• Bad pronunciation caused by laziness and force of habit

• Omissions-leaving out part of the word-dropping last “g” “walkin” “talkin”

• Additions-adding to a word-”idea” becomes “idear” or the silent “l” in “salmon” is pronounced (“salmon” instead of samon”)

Sub Standard Pronunciation II

• Substitution-”budder” for “butter”• Distortion-”jis” or “jist” for just• To correct, become conscious of your

pronunciation, record a newspaper article and analyze

Sub Standard Pronunciation IIIPractice

1. The police officer came running up behind the bank robber.

2. The druggist asked the boy where he got the prescription.

3. John’s first class was European History, one he would just like to forget.

Common Vocal Problems

• Fillers-used to fill a gap in conversation while you are thinking or a bad habit

• “uh”, “um”, “ya know”, “right”, “like”• Difficult to change especially in ad lib situations• Monotone-no variation in pitch or pace• Sing-Song-pattern of inflection repeated

throughout copy

Common Vocal Problems II

• Whiny-too high, nasal voice• Improper breathing or resonance-nasality, thin

voice, husky voice, breathy voice• Sibilance-over emphasis on “s” sounds• Popping-pop of air in words with p, b, t, d, g, k

Caring for Your Voice

• Warm up before session• Keep hydrated• Avoid Smoking• Avoid Screaming and Shouting• Rest voice after extensive use

Summary

• How Sound is Produced• Diaphragmatic Breathing and Proper Breathing

Posture• Element of Vocal Development: Volume, Pitch,

Rate, Tone, Articulation• Pronunciation and Sub-standard pronunciation• Common Vocal Problems• Caring for Your Voice

© 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa Business Broadcast Announcing Worktext.

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