2011

.

, 1979 () 1983, 1993, 2001 2005

.

. 5

, (, , , ,

) ,

,

.

, ,

.

, ,

.

,

. ,

.

,

.

2011 12

I

1 3

1.1 3

1.2 3

1.3 3

1.3.1 3

1.3.2 4

1.3.3 4

1.3.4 4

1.4 4

2 7

2.1 7

2.1.1 7

2.1.2 7

2.1.3 8

2.1.4 8

2.2 9

2.2.1 9

2.2.2 9

2.2.3 10

2.2.4 11

2.3 11

2.3.1 11

2.3.2 13

2.3.3 13

2.3.4 14

2.4 14

II

2.4.1 14

2.4.2 14

2.5 16

2.5.1 16

2.5.2 16

2.5.3 17

2.5.4 18

2.5.5 19

2.6 20

2.6.1 20

2.6.2 20

2.6.3 22

2.6.4 22

2.6.5 23

2.7 25

2.7.1 25

2.7.2 25

2.8 26

2.8.1 26

2.8.2 27

2.8.3 28

2.8.4 29

3 33

3.1 33

3.1.1 33

3.1.2 33

3.1.3 35

3.2 37

3.2.1 37

3.2.2 38

3.2.3 43

III

3.2.4 48

3.2.5 49

3.2.6 51

3.2.7 52

3.2.8 53

3.2.9 55

3.2.10 56

3.2.11 56

3.3 56

3.3.1 56

3.3.2 58

3.3.3 60

3.3.4 61

3.3.5 62

3.3.6 62

3.3.7 63

3.4 64

3.4.1 64

3.4.2 65

4 69

4.1 69

4.1.1 69

4.1.2 69

4.1.3 69

4.1.4 69

4.2 70

4.2.1 70

4.2.2 71

4.2.3 72

4.2.4 76

4.2.5 78

IV

4.2.6 84

4.2.7 85

4.2.8 89

4.2.9 (gallery) 89

4.3 90

4.3.1 90

4.3.2 91

4.3.3 91

4.4 91

4.4.1 91

4.4.2 92

4.4.3 94

4.4.4 94

4.4.5 95

4.4.6 96

4.4.7 97

5 103

5.1 103

5.1.1 103

5.1.2 103

5.2 103

5.2.1 103

5.2.2 104

5.2.3 104

5.2.4 104

5.2.5 104

5.3 105

5.3.1 105

5.3.2 105

5.3.3 106

5.3.4 106

V

5.4 107

5.4.1 107

5.4.2 108

5.4.3 108

5.4.4 108

5.4.5 108

5.4.6 108

5.5 111

5.5.1 111

5.5.2 111

5.5.3 112

5.5.4 112

5.5.5 112

5.5.6 113

5.5.7 113

5.5.8 113

5.6 113

5.7 114

5.7.1 114

5.7.2 114

6 119

6.1 119

6.1.1 119

6.1.2 119

6.2 119

6.2.1 119

6.2.2 124

6.2.3 127

6.2.4 127

6.2.5 128

6.2.6 128

VI

6.2.7 129

6.3 129

6.3.1 129

6.3.2 (joint) 130

6.3.3 132

6.3.4 133

6.3.5 137

6.4 138

6.4.1 138

6.4.2 138

6.4.3 142

7 147

7.1 147

7.1.1 147

7.1.2 RCD 147

7.2 148

7.3 148

7.3.1 148

7.3.2 149

7.3.3 151

7.3.4 152

7.3.5 152

7.4 152

7.4.1 152

7.4.2 153

7.4.3 154

7.4.4 154

7.5 (ELCM) 154

7.5.1 154

7.5.2 155

7.5.3 155

VII

7.5.4 155

8 159

8.1 159

8.1.1 159

8.1.2 159

8.1.3 159

8.2 160

8.2.1 160

8.2.2 160

8.2.3 161

8.2.4 162

8.3 164

8.3.1 164

8.3.2 165

8.3.3 169

9 175

9.1 175

9.1.1 175

9.1.2 175

9.2 176

9.2.1 176

9.2.2 176

9.2.3 177

9.2.4 177

9.2.5 177

9.2.6 178

9.3 178

9.4 178

9.4.1 178

VIII

9.4.2 180

9.4.3 181

9.4.4 182

9.4.5 182

9.5 182

9.5.1 182

9.5.2 184

9.5.3 184

9.5.4 184

9.5.5 185

9.6 186

9.6.1 186

9.6.2 186

9.7 187

9.7.1 187

9.7.2 187

9.8 187

9.8.1 () 187

9.8.2 188

9.9 189

10 193

10.1 193

10.1.1 193

10.1.2 193

10.2 193

10.2.1 193

10.2.2 194

10.2.3 194

10.2.4 195

10.2.5 195

10.2.6 195

IX

10.3 196

10.3.1 196

10.3.2 196

10.3.3 196

10.3.4 196

10.3.5 197

10.4 197

10.4.1 197

10.4.2 197

10.4.3 197

10.4.4 198

10.4.5 198

10.4.6 198

10.4.7 199

10.5 199

10.5.1 199

10.5.2 199

10.5.3 200

10.5.4 201

10.5.5 201

10.6 () 201

10.6.1 201

10.6.2 201

10.6.3 202

10.6.4 202

11 205

11.1 205

11.1.1 205

11.1.2 205

11.1.3 206

11.2 206

X

11.2.1 206

11.2.2 207

11.2.3 207

11.2.4 207

11.3 208

11.3.1 208

11.3.2 209

11.3.3 211

11.3.4 211

11.4 211

11.4.1 211

11.4.2 212

11.4.3 212

12 215

12.1 215

12.2 215

12.3 216

12.3.1 216

12.3.2 216

12.3.3 218

12.3.4 218

12.3.5 219

12.3.6 219

12.3.7 219

12.3.8 220

12.3.9 220

12.4 220

12.4.1 221

12.4.2 221

12.4.3 223

12.5 224

XI

12.5.1 224

12.5.2 225

12.5.3 227

12.6 229

12.6.1 229

12.6.2 229

12.6.3 230

12.7 231

12.7.1 231

12.7.2 231

-1

-3

-11

-28

-29

-30

1

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

1

3

1

1.1 ( .) 34

, ,

.

1.2 12 ,

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

1.3

1.3.1 () 15m ,, ,

1

4

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() 15m

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1.4 ()

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2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8

2

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1/1,000 1/2,000

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2

20

2.6

2.6.1

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(2) () , ,

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21

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2

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2.6.3

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2.6.4

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1 ,

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2

23

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(2) () , , ,

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() , , ,

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2.6.5

(1) () KS .

() , , , , , , , ,

, , , , (), , ,

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() , , , , ,

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()

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(2) () KS F 2346

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() (, )

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2

24

(3) ()

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() .

(4) (piping) () (2.1) () (2.2)

(creep ratio) .

(2.1)

(2.2)

, : (m) : (creep length, m) : : : (m) : (m)

() () 1/2

. , .

8.5 3.5

7.0 3.0

6.0

2.5

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()

2

25

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2.7.1

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27

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2

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2.8.4 () .

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3

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

3

33

3

3.1

3.1.1

(1) , , ,

, , (), 15m

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() : , , ,

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3

34

()

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355 (Q355)

, 10 .

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3

35

(4) () ,

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3.1.3

(1) ()

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(2) () 2 2.1.2 , .

() .

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3

36

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(prefeasibility study)

(feasibility study)

(basic design) (detail design)

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(3) ()

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3

37

3.2

3.2.1

(1) ()

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(2) () () , , 10 ,

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() 20

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3

38

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3

39

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() (dead storage level, DSL)

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100 100

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3

40

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.

() (restricted water level, RWL)

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() (normal high water level, NHWL)

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(2)

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(LWL)

.

(dead storage)

.

() (active storage)

(LWL) (FWL)

3

41

.

() (water conservation storage)

(LWL) (NHWL) (RWL)

.

.

() (flood control storage)

(NHWL) (RWL) (FWL)

.

(exclusive flood control storage) .

() (joint use storage)

(RWL) (NHWL) .

,

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() (surcharge storage)

(FWL) (MWL) .

(design flood)

.

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(LWL) (NHWL)

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()

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100 ,

3

42

50

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.

() .

0.7 .

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43

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(tangible benefits) (intangible benefits) .

3

44

(2) () . ,

(willingness to pay, WTP)

(consumer surplus) .

() (4, , 2008.12) () (3.2) .

.

(3.2)

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45

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,

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3

46

(3.4)

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3

47

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() ( )

.

3

48

(7) ()

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(8) ()

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(travel

cost method, TCM) .

,

.

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(1) () .

,

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3

49

() (OM&R) ,

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42 ,

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1 .

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++ 10% .

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.

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0.5%

3.2.5

(1) () (economic evaluation)

.

3

50

() ,

(economic analysis).

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50 ,

(residual value) .

() (discount rate)

,

.

.

()

.

(3) () (benefit-cost

analysis, BCA) .

() (net present value,

NPV), (benefit-cost ratio, B/C), (internal rate of return,

IRR) .

(4) ()

(sensitivity analysis, SA) .

() , , ,

(NPV), (B/C), (IRR)

.

(5) ()

3

51

(financial analysis) .

()

, , , , ,

.

3.2.6

(1) ()

.

()

.

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(reservoir operation study) .

()

,

.

() ,

.

()

.

(3) () (=/) 100

,

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() (FWL)

3

52

200 ,

(back water) . ,

200 .

() ,

.

.

(4) () ,

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,

.

() , , , , ,

, ,

, .

(5) () ,

, .

() ,

.

() (NPV), (B/C),

(IRR) .

3.2.7

(1) 20 ,

(cost allocation) .

(2)

3

53

() , ,

,

.

() ,

.

()

,

.

3.2.8

(1) .

, ,

, .

(2) () , , , ,

, , , ,

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, ,

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3

54

,

.

() , ,

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, (degradation),

.

()

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(3) () ,

.

() ,

,

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2 .

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,

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3

55

(5) ()

, .

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(6) ()

,

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3.2.9 ()

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.

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3

56

.

, .

.

,

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3.2.10 ()

, , ,

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()

(reservoir induced earthquake)

.

3.2.11 ()

, .

() ,

, ,

.

3.3

3.3.1

(1) ()

, (principal spillway) (emergency spillway)

, .

()

(probable maximum flood, PMF) .

3

57

() 15m

PMF

.

() (probable maximum precipitation, PMP)

.

.

() PMF

.

()

,

.

(2) ()

, ,

.

() --(depth-area-

duration, DAD)

, --(PMP-DAD)

.

() ,

, ,

(, , ) .

() ,

.

(3) ()

(probable maximum

storm, PMS) - .

3

58

() PMP

PMP ,

.

() -

(probable maximum flood, PMF) .

- , ,

Clark .

()

PMF .

(4) () (frequency flood)

(frequency

analysis)

.

()

-

.

3.3.2

(1) () ,

.

()

.

(2)

3

59

(PMP) ,

PMP

. .

(3) PMP () PMP PMP

.

() PMP .

PMP

.

()

.

() 25 , PMP

PMP , PMP PMP (, 2004) 6 .

(4) () PMP

,

.

() Blocking, Huff, Yen-Chow

.

.

(5) () ,

6 . ,

6

.

3

60

()

-

,

.

3.3.3

(1) ()

PMP

.

() -

( ) ,

.

() PMP PMP

, .

(constant fraction method)

(constant loss rate method)

-(initial loss-constant loss rate method)

(infiltration curve method)

-(standard rainfall-runoff relation curve method)

(2) ()

,

.

() - ,

.

()

-

.

3

61

() -

(National Resources Conservation Service, NRCS) .

3.3.4

(1) () (unit hydrograph)

(1)

.

()

-

.

(2) - ()

.

1030%

() 1344

()

( ) ( ) ,

,

, .

(3) PMF ()

,

(1) .

3

62

()

.

3.3.5

(1) ()

.

() ,

,

.

() ,

, Snyder , .

(2) ()

.

() Clark ,

Clark .

3.3.6

(1) () (cost)

(safety) .

()

.

() PMF

3

63

, PMF 50% PMF

.

()

.

(2) ()

-

.

()

.

() ,

,

.

()

,

.

()

,

.

3.3.7

(1) () .

,

.

() (3.6) .

(3.6)

3

64

, , :

: (= - t1) , : , (/s)

, : , (/s) , : , ()

(2) ()

.

()

,

1/21/3 .

() .

.

3.4

3.4.1

(1)

, , .

(2) () ,

, ,

, , ,

.

3

65

() ,

.

3.4.2

(1) () , , , , ,

,

, , , , , ,

.

()

.

(2) , ,

,

.

()

() : , , , ,

() : , ,

() : ,

()

()

()

(3) ()

.

() ,

.

4

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

4

69

4

4.1

4.1.1 () .

()

.

()

.

4.1.2 , ,

(fill dam) .

4.1.3

.

() ()

()

()

()

()

4.1.4

(1) , (zone), (core) 4 ,

4

70

,

.

(2) , ,

.

()

.

() .

() .

() () ()

,

.

() , ,

.

()

.

() .

()

.

4.2

4.2.1 ()

.

() 1/2 .

4

71

4.2.2

(1) () ,

, , ,

.

()

,

.

(2) () 80% ()

.

() ,

(filter) (drain)

.

20100 .

10100

.

,

()

.

(3) ()

.

()

.

(4)

4

72

()

, .

() ,

.

() ,

.

.

() .

50 .

.

.

,

, , , , .

(5) ()

.

() 5 .

4.2.3

(1)

.

(2) ()

, (, transition

4

73

zone) .

()

. ,

.

() () ,

,

.

() ,

, , .

() (

/s

),

. .

.

.

, .

() ,

(random zone) .

() ,

,

. (, ) ,

.

()

(crack) .

.

.

.

.

4

74

() ,

.

0.05 1520%

, , , .

GC, SC, CL, SM, CH ML

, OL, MH, OH .

(PI) 15

.

(3)

.

(4) () ,

.

() 3

- .

(5) ()

.

() . ,

, , , (

, , )

, .

() .

,

,

,

4

75

, ,

(6) (filter)()

.

()

. (

)

,

.

() ,

.

15% 15% > 5

15% 85% < 5

.

25

.

0.074

5% .

10100 .

.

(geotextile)

()

.

4

76

(7) (piping)

.

(8) () ,

.

()

, 2.6 2.6

.

() 2 1.0m

.

4.2.4

(1)

, .

()

()

()

()

()

(2) () , ()

.

()

, .

4

77

(3)

.

(4) (), , ,

.

(5) (core zone) ,

.

() ,

.

(6) (filter zone)

(rock zone) .

(7) (rock zone) .

.

(8) (grouting) () (boring)

.

() (curtain

grouting), (blanket grouting),

.

4

78

, (grout)

4.2.5

(1) ()

.

() .

()

, ,

, .

()

.

.

()

, ,

.

()

() ,

(/)

.

.

() ()

.

() (parapet wall)

4

79

,

, .

(2) ()

.

, ,

.

() , , ,

, , , (, ),

.

() .

(3) (zoning)() , ,

.

()

,

.

(shell zone, transition, filter zone )

( ) .

() ,

.

()

.

()

,

.

()

.

4

80

(4) ()

.

() (4.1) ( ) (4.2) (PMF)

( ) () .

: (4.1)

: (4.2)

, : (m)

: (m) : (m) : (m)( 0.5m, 0m)

: ( 1.0m)

() () ,

SMB(Sverdrup-Munk-Bretschneider) ( ) ( ).

(4.3)

(4.4), : (m)

: 10 (m/s)

(T. Saville)

.

4

81

() ( ) (4.5)

.

, .

(4.5)

, : (m) : ( ) : (1sec) : (m) : (9.8m/ )

4

82

()

.

. 23m

6m 3m

.

3m (parapet wall)

.

. , 3.0m

.

(5) ()

, , , ,

.

()

.

(6) (, extra embankment)()

.

() (camber) ,

10

.

()

.

()

1% .

.

(4.6), : (m)

: (m)

4

83

(7) () , ,

, ,

3050% .

(8) () , , , ,

.

(9) ()

.

() ,

.

(10) ,

.

(11) (drain)() , ,

,

.

() , , ,

, ,

.

()

. ,

, .

4

84

4.2.6

(1) () ,

.

.

(2) () ,

.

()

.

()

.

(3) ()

.

() (Casagrande) .

() .

(4) () ()

(equi-potential line) .

()

.

()

.

(5) ()

4

85

.

()

(

) .

() (

) .

(4.7),

: (/s) : (/s) : (/s)

(6) , , ,

.

(7) () ,

.

() (Justin) ()

(quick sand) .

() , (hydraulic fracturing,

) .

(8) .

, ,

.

4.2.7

(1)

4

86

1.5

.

1

()

1.3 1.3

1)

.

2)

4550%

.

2

1)

1.3 -

3 1.2 1.2

4 1.2 1.2

5

2)

1.15 -

6 1.2 -

(2) () ,

, .

() ,

.

( 1 )

( ) ( (a) ). ( 24)

( ) ( ) ( (b) ). ( 5(a) 5(b) )

( ) ( ) ( (c) ).

4

87

()

1

50%

2

0%

3

100%

4

100%

5

(a)

100%

(b) 50%

()

.

() .

,

, .

12 .

4

88

()

.

(3) ()

.

()

(

) . , , KS

9095% .

(OMC+) .

()

3 ,

.

(UU) :

(

CU) : ,

(CD) :

()

,

.

()

, ,

.

(4) () -

4

89

. , -

.

() ,

.

(5) ()

,

.

()

.

4.2.8 () ,

.

() (),

3

.

() (silo) ,

.

4.2.9 (gallery) .

()

4

90

()

()

4.3

4.3.1 ()

,

.

(0.05 3040%,

0.005 1525%) .

()

.

.

()

.

()

.

( ) (4.8)

, : (m)

()

.

() (4.9), : (m)

()

(LWL) 1/2

.

4

91

.

()

.

4.3.2 () 2

.

() ,

,

.

() .

:

:

:

4.3.3 ()

.

() ,

.

4.4

4.4.1

4

92

,

.

4.4.2

(1) ()

,

.

()

, ,

.

(2) ()

.

() , ,

.

(3) ()

.

4

93

()

.

(4) ()

,

.

()

.

(5) ()

.

() .

(6) ()

.

() .

4

94

(7) ()

.

,

.

.

.

.

()

,

.

,

.

.

4.4.3 ()

.

() 11 .

4.4.4

(1) () , ,

.

4

95

()

.

(2) ()

, ,

.

()

.

(3) () ,

.

()

.

4.4.5

(1) () 1

,

, , .

() ()

,

.

() () 70

, 20

.

() .

4

96

(2) () , ,

.

()

.

()

.

()

.

(3) ()

.

()

,

, .

(4) ()

,

.

() ,

.

(5) ()

.

()

.

4.4.6

4

97

.

() , ,

.

() ,

.

() , , ,

.

()

, ,

.

()

.

()

.

4.4.7

(1) () 2 .

,

,

.

,

, , .

, .

() .

() , , , ,

4

98

.

() .

, ,

.

.

,

, , , .

(2) () , , , ,

.

()

kN/

kN/

/

/s

kN/

4

99

() , , , ,

, , , . ,

, , .

(3) ()

.

() ,

.

() 3 ,

.

(4) ,

.

(5) ()

.

() ,

.

() , .

(6) () .

() ,

, , , .

5

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7

5

103

5

5.1

5.1.1 (concrete face rockfill dam, CFRD)

.

5.1.2 CFRD .

()

()

()

()

() ,

()

5.2

5.2.1 ()

.

() (plinth) , (transition zone)

(rockfill zone) ,

.

5

104

5.2.2 , , ,

.

5.2.3 ,

.

() , , .

()

.

5.2.4

, .

5.2.5 ()

.

() , ,

.

5

105

()

(trench)

.

() , ,

,

. 4 .

5.3

5.3.1 () ,

.

() , ,

.

() .

5.3.2 () ,

.

() .

5

106

20

10

5

2

()

.

= (m)/ (m) (5.1)

, (m) : (EL.m) - (EL.m)

5.3.3 () ,

.

()

, 0.250.4MPa

.

(5.2)

,

P

: (MPa)

S

W

: (MPa)

A

f

: (MPa)

5.3.4 ()

1 2 .

()

0.3% .

5

107

() , , ,

, 2535

1.01.5m, 35m .

()

, 15m .

()

.

5.4

5.4.1 () CFRD ,

.

(parapet wall)

( )

()

.

5

108

5.4.2 ()

. 4 .()

.

() CFRD

.

() CFRD

.

5.4.3 ,

, 10m 6m .

5.4.4 () .

()

0.1

0.35% .

5.4.5 () , ,

.

() 1 : 1.31 : 1.6

.

5.4.6

(1) ,

5

109

.

(2) (2 : bedding zone fine filter zone)()

.

() ,

, ( : 1

/s ) .

() 7538, 4.76(No. 4)

3555%, No. 200 515% .

()

35m ,

.

()

.

(3) (3A : transition zone filter zone)()

,

.

() ,

150 .

() ,

.

(5.3)

(5.4)

, , : 15%, 50% ()

5

110

, , : 15%, 50%, 85% ()

() 5m ,

.

(4) 3B(graded rockfill zone main rockfill zone)() .

()

.

(5) 3C(sub rockfill zone) () 3B

,

.

()

.

(6) (1 : upstream blanket zone)()

.

()

(LWL) .

() 1 : 2.2

.

(7) ()

.

()

.

5

111

() ,

1 : 1.81 : 2.5 .

(8) (parapet wall)() CFRD

,

.

() , ,

, .

() , ,

,

.

() PVC

1 , (mastic filler) .

5.5

5.5.1 ()

.

() , , ,

.

5.5.2 ()

, , , (workability)

.

() 1 : 1.41 : 1.5

, , ,

.

5

112

5.5.3 () ,

.

() ,

12m, 15m, 18m 15m .

5.5.4 ()

0.3m , (H)

0.3m + 0.003H .

()

(0.3m) .

5.5.5 () 0.400.50%(D19, D22, D25,

D29, D32@20cm) .

() ,

200300 .

5

113

5.5.6 () .

() : = 0.004 (5.5)

, : ()() 0.2 ,

.

5.5.7 () , , .

()

,

,

.

5.5.8 () (slip form) 1.55m/h ,

, , ,

.

() (finisher) 1.5m 1.5m/h.

.

5.6 () CFRD

.

.

1/2

5

114

() .

5.7

5.7.1 () CFRD

, CFRD

.

, ,

() CFRD .

() 4 .

5.7.2 () , , ,

,

.

() , ,

.

5

115

()

kN/

/

/s

kN/

kN/

kN/

CFRD

6

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4

6

119

6

6.1

6.1.1 ,

.

6.1.2 ()

(, ) .

() (=/) 6

, 36 3

. .

6.2

6.2.1

(1) , , , ,

, , , , , .

(2) ()

.

() 23kN/

.

6

120

(3) ()

(NHWL) .

() (FWL)

.

(4) () .

()

, .

()

(6.1) , 1m

.

(6.1)

, : (kN/) : (kN/) : : (m) : (m)

() 1m

(6.2) .

(6.2)

, : (kN/)

(5) () , ,

, .

() ,

6

121

(3m ) (drainage

curtain) .

()

.

()

.

(a)

(b)

(6) ()

Molitor Stevenson .

Molitor

(6.3) Stevenson

(6.4)

, : (m) : (m/s) : ()()

6

122

, (6.9)

SMB .

()

. , (6.5)

. (6.3) (6.4) .

(6.5)

, : (kN/) : (m) : (kN/)

6

123

() 3 .

() 1.41.5

h

w

.

(7) () .

100 .

()

Rankine (6.6) .

(6.6)

, : (kN/)

: ( sin sin, 0.40.6)

: ( 35, 25, 15) : (= , kN/), : (kN/) : (kN/) : (0.30.45) : (m)

(8) ()

.

() ,

.

() 12 .

(9) , ,

() , ,

6

124

.

(10) ,

.

()

) 1.

2. 1/2

6.2.2

(1) ()

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

, , .

() (), (),

(working stress) 3

.

6

125

,

.

() 3 .

: 1/3

.

: 4 .

. ,

.

(2) () , ,

.

() .

:

(6.7)

:

(6.8)

,

: (m, ) : (m) : (m) : (m)( 0.5m, 0m)

() ()

SMB (6.9) .

(6.9)

, : (m) : (m) : 10 (m/s)

6

126

() (6.10)

.

(6.10)

, : (m) : ( ) : (1sec) : (m) : (9.8m/s )

(3) () 100m

,

.

()

6

127

.

()

3.5MPa .

(5) () ()

4 ,

.

() Henny

.

(6.11)

, : ( 4) : : (Mpa) : (Mpa) : (Mpa) : (m)

6.2.3 ()

.

() .

() 4

,

.

6.2.4 ()

.

() 2 .

6

128

() ,

1/3 .

6.2.5 ()

.

()

.

6.2.6

(1) ()

.

()

.

(2) ()

.

() (6.11) ,

(6.12) , ,

.

(6.12)

, : (2.0 ) : (MPa) : : (MPa) : ( , MPa) : ( , MPa)

6

129

6.2.7

(1) () ,

.

()

3 .

.

.

.

(2) () , , , , , ,

.

() 2

, .

6.3

6.3.1 ()

() ,

( ) () .

() .

6

130

() 91 . .

() .

() .

6.3.2 (joint)

(1) ()

,

.

()

, 1 (lift) (lift

joint) (cold joint) .

() (longitudinal contraction joint)

(transverse contraction joint) .

15m , 3040m

, 70m

.

() ,

RCD ELCM .

.

(2) ()

,

.

() Block 1.52.0m, Layer

6

131

0.51.0m, 0.30.75m ,

.

() 0.751.0m 3

, 1.52.0m 5

.

() ,

.

() ,

.

(3) () , ,

,

, ,

.

() 15m ,

,

, 25m .

() .

() 15m ,

0.51.5 .

(4) ()

(zigzag)

.

.

() ,

,

.

6

132

()

.

() 3040m ,

34.5m

,

.

(5) ,

, , .

(6) ()

()

.

, ,

.

()

.

.

6.3.3

(1) ,

.

(2)

6

133

() ,

.

(3) ()

, 2 .

()

, 400 .

6.3.4

(1) () , , 3

.

.

() .

(gallery)

(chamber)

(, )

( )

()

( )

6

134

(2) (gallery)() .

() .

(foundation gallery)

(crest gallery)

, , ,

(inspection gallery,

gate gallery)

,

(cross gallery)

( ),

,

()

, 3m .

6

135

() ,

,

1.5m2m .

()

, .

() () 2

.

()

.

,

.

.

() 1 : 1.25 ,

1 : 1 .

() .

30, 30,

30, 20 .

(Pit) .

() , ,

. 2m

, () ,

.

() ,

.

() , Outlet,

.

Plum Line .

6

136

(3) (elevator shaft)() 50m

, 50m .

() , , ,

,

.

3m

.

() ,

,

750f , 60m/ .

() .

() .

.

(4) .

()

() (, )

()

(5) (footing)() ( +(fillet))

,

.

,

()

.

6

137

() ,

.

6.3.5

(1) 4 .

(2) () , , , , ,

.

kN/

kN/

/

/s

kN/

kN/

6

138

() , , , , , , ,

, , ,

.

6.4

6.4.1 ()

.

()

.

() , ,

, (pipe-cooling) (pre-cooling)

.

6.4.2

(1) () ()

.

() , ,

.

(2) ()

.

() , , , , ,

6

139

, , ,

.

(3) () , ,

.

() ()

,

.

(4) () , , ,

.

()

.

()

.

(5) ()

.

() .

()

, .

()

.

(6) ()

.

() , , ,

.

6

140

() , .

() .

.

.

.

() (consolidation grout)

.

,

.

5m ,

.

0.5MPa

.

() (curtain grout)

,

1 .

,

.

,

2/3 .

(7) (seam) () ,

.

() ,

, , , ,

.

6

141

() (6.13)

.

(6.13)

, : : (kN) : (kN)

: (m, 0.51.0m) : ( ) : (kN, ): (m, )

6

142

6.4.3

(1) () ,

.

() , , , , ,

,

.

(2) ()

.

()

, , ,

.

, ,

, .

6

143

, .

.

.

()

Silo

, 24

.

()

(batcher plant) ,

, .

.

()

, , , , ,

.

()

.

7

7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 (ELCM)

7

147

7

7.1

7.1.1 () (roller compacted concrete dam, RCCD)

.

() ,

,

.

() RCC RCD

. ,

RCD .

7.1.2 RCD() RCD 0

, ( )

, .

() RCD RCD

,

.

() RCD RCD 3

, , ,

.

() RCD

7

148

RCD ,

.

.

1 5075

, .

, (batcher plant)

, , ,

, .

.

,

.

()

.

.

7.2 RCD 6 .

7.3

7.3.1

(1) RCD ,

.

(2)

,

.

7

149

(3) ()

, .

() RCD ,

.

(4) () ,

.

() RCD ,

AE .

7.3.2

(1) , , ,

.

(2) () .

() RCD ,

.

: RCD ,

(3) () RCD

, , .

7

150

() 80

.

(4) () RCD (VC )

VC .

() ( VC

) .

(5) RCD ,

.

(6) VC ,

.

(7) () RCD , ,

.

() ,

- .

(8) (S/a) VC

.

(9) () , ,

- .

() .

7

151

.

-

.

(S/a) .

.

,

. ,

.

() ,

.

() .

7.3.3

(1) ()

.

() .

,

.

(2) ()

.

2436, 3648

.

()

.

.

2, 1.5 .

7

152

7.3.4 6 .

7.3.5 6 .

7.4

7.4.1

(1) RCD

.

() .

() ,

.

() .

() .

(2) () RCD

.

() ,

.

RCD , , ,

, RCD

7

153

RCD ,

RCD

(3) () RCD ,

.

() RCD .

(4) RCD ,

.

(5) () RCD ,

.

()

, .

(6) () RCD

.

()

. 2m Lane

20 .

() RCD

.

7.4.2 ()

, . RCD

7

154

.

()

,

.

7.4.3 () RCD 1

, .

() ,

.

() 12, 24

.

7.4.4 () RCD

.

()

, .

()

, 25

.

()

,

.

() (m ax ) .

7.5 (ELCM)

7.5.1 () (extended layer construction method, ELCM) 3

7

155

,

.

() ELCM

.

7.5.2 () ELCM

.

() , , ,

.

7.5.3 () ELCM

.

() 6 .

7.5.4 () ELCM ,

.

() ELCM RCD

, RCD

(vi-back) .

8

8.1 8.2 8.3

8

159

8

8.1

8.1.1 () (arch dam) , ,

, .

()

.

()

3 .

()

.

8.1.2 ()

.

() 3

.

() , ,

.

8.1.3 ()

.

() , ,

8

160

(bedding) .

, , , ,

.

()

.

.

8.2

8.2.1 ()

,

3 .

()

() ,

.

.

() ,

,

.

() .

8.2.2

(1) () , ,

.

8

161

()

.

() (creep)

MPa .

() (Poisson ratio) , ,

.

() .

= 23kN/

= 0.2

= / = (MPa), : ( , MPa)

: (MPa)

(2) () 91 .

()

.

() , ,

. ,

(8.1)

.

= (8.1)

8.2.3

(1) , , () , ,

, () .

8

162

() 6 .

(2)

,

.

(3) ()

.

(arch span)

.

() .

() .

8.2.4

(1) () ,

.

() , ,

.

() 12 .

8

163

(2) ()

.

()

.

.

() ,

.

() USBR

(8.2) .

.

(8.2)

, : (F) : (ft)

(3) ,

.

()

) 1.

2. 1/2

8

164

8.3

8.3.1 ()

,

.

()

, ,

.

() 6 .() .

8

165

8.3.2

(1) ()

6 ,

.

3 .

()

.

.

.

.

.

2 .

(crown

cantilever) .

()

, ,

.

()

.

(overhang) .

()

.

.

,

8

166

.

30 ,

45 .

()

.

.

,

(fillet) .

.

.

.

.

(2) () ,

.

() .

, , .

(3) () 3 ,

.

()

.

,

.

8

167

()

() ,

.

, , ,

.

()

,

.

,

.

.

.

.

()

( ) () .

.

()

.

.

(shoulder)

.

()

.

.

8

168

(4) ()

, ,

.

() (thrust)

()

.

.

.

() (plug)

,

.

,

3

.

()

()

.

(wing dam) .

() (saddle)

.

.

.

8

169

(thrust)

(plug)

(saddle)

8.3.3

(1) () ,

.

()

,

.

()

, .

()

.

8

170

(2) () 2

.

() 2 ,

6

.

() 3 , , ,

, , .

, ,

(3) () (finite element method, FEM)

.

() .

(shell)

3 3

()

3 .

(4) () 2 1

8

171

.

()

.

(5) () , , , , ,

.

()

.

(6) , , , ,

.

(7) ()

.

()

.

()

,

.

() (mode)

.

() 2

.

9

9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9

9

175

9

9.1

9.1.1 , , , ,

.

9.1.2 () ()

.

() ()

.

() ()

,

.

() ()

.

() ()

.

() ()

.

() ()

,

9

176

.

() (air entrainment devices)

(cavitation)

.

9.2

9.2.1 ()

.

() ,

,

.

()

,

.

.

9.2.2 () , .

.

() ,

,

.

( )

, ,

(, , , ) (

, , )

9

177

9.2.3 ()

,

.

() ,

,

.

()

PMF (FWL) 200

.

9.2.4 () ,

, .

.

()

.

()

,

.

9.2.5 () ,

1.5m

. , 2.5m 1.0m

.

() ,

.

9

178

9.2.6 , , ,

5 ,

.

9.3 ()

4m/s

.

() ,

1/5 .

9.4

9.4.1 () ,

.

()

.

()

,

.

() 7580

.

()

. (USBR)

(/) 1.33 , (USACE) -5m .

9

179

() (WES)

.

( )

(9.1), : ( , m)

: :

(, USBR)

( )

(9.2), : ( , m)

: :

9

180

(, USACE)

() (9.3) .

(9.3)

, : ( m 3/s) : : (m) : (m)

() (9.4) .

(9.4)

,

: (9.8m/ )

: : (m)

, : (m)

9.4.2 ()

.

2/3 .

9

181

() 9.4.1

.

()

.

() .

9.4.3 ()

.

.

()

, ,

.

.

()

, ,

.

()

12.5 .

.

9

182

9.4.4 ()

.

()

.

() 6 6.4.2 (, 2009) .

9.4.5

.

() ,

() , ,

() , ,

9.5

9.5.1 ()

,

.

()

, 10 .

() (

), ,

.

()

.

.

9

183

tan (9.5)

, : ( ) : ( ) : (m/s) : (m) : (9.8m/ )

() ,

, .

.

() ()

.

tan cos (9.6)

, : ( () , m) : (m) : : (m) : (m) : ( )

() ()

, 10 .

9

184

(9.7)

, : (m) : (m) : (m/s) : (tf/)

9.5.2 ()

.

.

() ,

(9.8) .

.

(9.8)

, : (m) : (m/s) : (m)

9.5.3 ()

,

3040 .

() 0.2%

.

9.5.4 ()

(key) .

.

9

185

() 1015m ,

.

() .

.

9.5.5 () 1215m/s

, 20m/s

.

() (cavitation)

(air entrainment device) .

()

(cavitation pitting) .

() .

9

186

(deflector-type)

(offset-type)

(groove-type)

()

.

9.6

9.6.1 () ()

, ,

.

() ,

.

()

.

9.6.2 ()

.

.

() , ,

.

,

.

() (flip bucket), (stilling

basin), (submerged bucket)

9

187

.

(, )

,

, , (, )

, , (, )

()

. ,

.

.

9.7

9.7.1 () (curtain grout)

.

()

.

() ,

.

9.7.2 () ,

.

()

.

9.8

9.8.1 ()

9

188

() .

, , , ,

,

, ,

,

, ,

() ,

, (lift gate),

(rolling gate), (tainter gate), (drum gate) .

9.8.2 () .

2 .

()

( ) ,

.

.

.

,

.

.

()

, 30,

(radial) 50 .

() ,

,

1.5m . , 2.5m

1.0m .

9

189

9.9 ()

,

.

()

.

.

()

.

() 7.5

.

() .

,

10

10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 ()

10

193

10

10.1

10.1.1 , , .

10.1.2 () () : ,

() () :

() : ,

() () :

() () :

() () :

() :

() :

() :

() () : ,

() () :

10.2

10.2.1

10

194

() , , ,

, .

() ,

.

() (bottom intake),

(surface intake) (selective intake)

.

() .

10.2.2 () , ,

.

() ,

.

()

, 1.6m

.

10.2.3 () ,

.

() (10.1) .

(10.1)

, : (/s) : : () : (9.8m/ ) : ( , m)

10

195

() Bell Mouth ,

.

10.2.4 () , , ,

(vortex)

.

() ()

.

10.2.5 ()

.

()

.

10.2.6 ()

.

() ,

10cm .

() Hydraulic Design Criteria , 15%

.

() 45m/s

.

10

196

10.3

10.3.1 ()

, .

() (backwater)

.

10.3.2 ()

.

() ,

,

, , .

10.3.3 () .

() , , .

()

.

10.3.4 ()

.

()

.

() ,

.

10

197

10.3.5 ()

.

()

.

10.4

10.4.1 () (low-level outlet, bottom outlet)

,

.

() ,

,

.

() , ,

, .

10.4.2 () , ,

, ,

.

()

.

10.4.3 ()

.

10

198

()

, , ,

.

()

,

,

.

() ,

,

.

10.4.4 ()

. 3N/ .

() .

.

10.4.5 () ,

.

.

()

, (trap)

.

10.4.6 () ()

.

() .

1.52.0m

45m/s .

10

199

10.4.7 () 25m 5/s ,

, , ,

.

() 25m 5/s

.

10.5

10.5.1 ()

.

()

.

() ,

.

() (,2009) .

10.5.2 ()

.

,

10

200

() (pool), ,

.

: , (ice harbor), (vertical slot)

: , , (denil),

: , (lift), , (fish pump),

(borland)

: (culvert), , (hybrid)

() ,

, .

,

.

.

.

10.5.3 () .

() ,

.

() (),

115% ,

.

() ,

10

201

.

()

.

()

.

10.5.4 5 .

()

()

()

()

()

10.5.5 () , ,

, , , .

() .

10.6 ()

10.6.1 () , , ()

, .

() , ,

, .

10.6.2 () ,

,

.

10

202

() ,

3

, .

() () , , (

) .

10.6.3 () ,

,

.

() ,

.

() (100m )

,

, ,

.

()

.

10.6.4 .

() .

() .

() .

() .

() .

() .

11

11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4

11

205

11

11.1

11.1.1

(1) ()

.

()

.

(2) ()

.

() .

11.1.2 ()

11

206

. .

( ) ,

,

() ,

, , ,

.

:

:

11.1.3 () , ,

, .

()

2025

.

510 .

() CFRD( )

25 .

()

12 .

11.2

11.2.1 ()

11

207

.

() ,

.

()

.

11.2.2 ()

.

.

()

.

11.2.3 () 0.5m

.

() , ,

.

()

11.2.4 () , , , ,

.

() .

,

.

.

()

11

208

. () ,

, , Chemical grouting .

11.3

11.3.1

(1) ()

.

() .

(2) ()

.

()

.

()

,

.

(3) ()

.

()

.

()

()

.

11

209

() .

11.3.2

(1) () , ,

.

.

()

,

.

()

.

(2) () , (2r ), 3r

(2r, 2.4r) .

, .

() 10m

10m .

.

()

, .

, ,

.

(3) ()

.

() ,

,

11

210

.

(4) ,

, 10

.

(5) ()

,

.

()

,

. ,

.

() 30 ,

40 ,

.

(6) , ,

, ,

2 .

(7) () , ,

,

.

() ,

() .

() 12,

23 .

11

211

()

3

20m .

11.3.3 () ,

.

() ,

(gallery)

.

()

24m .

() .

11.3.4 ()

.

()

.

.

11.4

11.4.1 ()

.

()

.

11

212

11.4.2 () (plug) ,

.

() ,

, .

()

,

.

11.4.3 () ,

.

()

,

.

() .

.

()

.

12

12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7

12

215

12

12.1 () ,

15m

. 15m .

() , , ,

, , , ,

.

12.2 () (1997.12)

.

() (1997.12) ,

.

.

() .

,

,

.

.

.

12

216

12.3

12.3.1 ()

. .

() ,

.

()

.

()

.

3

()

.

() .

(

) .

12.3.2

(1) () .

() 2

.

12

217

()

1/2 .

()

()

.

.

(2) ()()

. 500

0.11, 0.07.

, , , , ,

,

,

, , , , ,

,

(2)

(3)

,

(4)

,

) (1) (, ) : , , , , , ,

(2) (, ) : , , , , , , ,

, , , , ,

(3) (, ) : , , , , , , ,

, , ,

(4) (, ) : , , , , , , ,

, , ,

0.11 0.07

( 500 )

()

. 500 .

12

218

() 12.3.3 , 12.3.4 12.3.5 . ,

100m

.

() 0.1g 0.1g .

500 1,000 2,400

1.0 1.4 2.0

12.3.3 ()

.

()

.

, ,

45m 50

1,000

500

12.3.4 .

.

.

12

219

30m

(m/s)

(N)

(kPa)

(SA ) 1500 - - 0.8 0.7

(SB ) 7601500 - - 1.0 1.0

(SC ) 360760 50 100 1.2 1.1

(SD ) 180360 1550 50100 1.5 1.6

12.3.5 () . (

) ( )

, .

() 20% ,

2 .

12.3.6 ()

. , ,

.

() ,

.

12.3.7 ()

.

12

220

()

.

()

.

12.3.8 ()

.

() . ,

,

.

() .

12.3.9 ()

( ), (

), .

() .

2

2

3

12.4

12

221

12.4.1 .

() ,

.

() .

() .

() .

() .

()

.

() , (abutment)

.

.

() ,

.

.

()

.

12.4.2

(1) ()

. .

()

.

1

.

,

.

12

222

()

,

24m .

.

.

.

.

(blanket)

.

.

( )

,

.

,

.

(2) ()

.

()

. , .

(3) ()

.

() , ,

,

.

12

223

()

.

()

.

() 4 .()

.

. Bishop

.

() .

12.4.3

(1) ()

.

()

.

()

100m

.

(2) () .

(1997.12) (MCE) .

(MCE)

1.4 2.0 . , 0.14g 0.14g

.

.

.

12

224

, 3 .

.

2 .

.

() Newmark

. 0.3m ,

0.6m . ,

. , 0.6m

.

()

.

Sawada ,

Vucetic .

() ,

.

()

.

() .

() .

() ,

.

12.5

12.5.1

.

() 2 ,

(penstock) 3

12

225

.

()

.

. ,

, .

() .

()

.

() .

()

.

() .

() ,

.

12.5.2

(1) ()

.

()

.

, .

,

.

, 1/2 .

.

Westergaard .

12

226

()

1/2

.

.

()

Westergaard ,

.

.

.

(pier)

.

, .

(2) ()

() .

() 30% .

() ,

.

() 10% ,

( 25%) .

(3) () Henny

FS , 4 .

() ,

,

2.0 .

12

227

(4) ()

1/3 .

() , 1/3

,

.

(5) ()

, .

() 2

.

(6) (pier) ()

.

() (NHWL) ,

.

12.5.3

(1) () ,

.

() ,

.

()

100m

.

12

228

(2) ()

,

() Henny

(=1.0) .

.

()

(

).

.

()

. 1.3

.

() 15% ,

0.7 . ,

, 5%

.

.

() 1.0 .

, 1.5

. 1.15 .

() ,

.

() -- ,

. ,

.

() ,

.

()

, .

12

229

12.6

12.6.1 () .

() .

.

,

.

() .

.

.

.

,

.

12.6.2

(1) ()

.

()

.

.

12

230

, 1/2

.

()

Westergaard .

( )

.

(2) () .

() , .

()

( ) .

() 4 ,

30% .

(3) ()

() .

()

, () .

() 4 .

12.6.3 () ,

.

()

.

.

()

12

231

100m

.

()

.

() .

.

3 2

. , .

, , ,

, .

12 .

12.7

12.7.1 () ,

.

() ,

.

12.7.2 () ,

.

() , ,

,

.

3

, , 1989.

, , 2003.

, , 2004.

, (), 1996.

, (), 1997.

, ( ), 2000.

, , , 1996.

, , 2001.

, PMP , 2004.

, , 1998.

, , 2000.

, ; , 2004.

, , 2007.

, , , 2006.

, , (Water Vision 2020) , 2000.

, , (20062020) , 2006.

, , -

, 2000.

, , , 1992.

, , 1993.

, , 1994.

, (), 1979.

, (), 1982.

, , , 2009.

4

, , , 1999.

, , , , 1996.

, , , ,

, 1998.

, (), 1989.

, (), 2002.

, (), 1998.

, (), 1982.

, , 1997.

, , 1997.

, , 2004.

, (1 ), 2000.

, , 2009.

, , 2008.

, , , , 1993.

, ,

2004.

, , 1986

, , , (, ,

), 1996

(), 2007 , 2007.

, (2), , 33, 3, ,

2000.7, pp.87-93.

, , , , IHP

, , 1995.

, , ,

, , 48, 3, 2000.3, pp.17-23.

, , 1993.

5

, Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam (Curb Element ),

, 2003.

, , , 1992.

, , ,

, 2011.

, , , 2011.

, , , 1987.

, , , , 1995.

(), 1,2 ,

, 1999.

, , , , 2011.

3, , , 1992.

, , , 1999.

, , 2008.

, , 2003 : ()

(3), 2003.

, : , 1999.

, , 1999

, 1999.

, , 1986.

, , 2005.

, , 2001.

, .

. T4-1-011, 1994.

, , 1995~1999

, (), 1998.

, , 2004.

, , 2004.

6

, , 2010.

, , 2002.

, , 1996.

, : ,

1998.

, , 2005.

, , 2002.

, () , 1996

, , 2005.

, , 2009.

, , 2009.

, , 1997.

, , 2002.

, , 1997.

, , 1985.

, , , 2005.

, , , 2005.

, , , 2009.

, (), 2009.

, 1-4 , , 1996.

, , 2007.

, , 1999.

, , 1999.

, ( ) , 2009.

KDI, , 2008 ,

(4)

, , , 1991.

7

, RCD(),

- , ELCM (), 8

, : , , 1987.

, : 17, 2005.

, CFRD (), 2003.

, Rock Fill , 1998.

, ()(), 1999.

, RCD , RCD , 6

, () ---, 4

, , , 1981.

, ,

, () , 1997.

, () (, , ), 2000.

, , 1999.

, (), Rock Fill

, 1995.

, , (), , 1992.

, , CFRD, NO 162, 2000.

A. J. Peterka, Hydraulic Design of Stilling Basins and Energy Dissipators, USBR,

1978

Alfred R. Golze, Handbook of Dam Engineering, 1977.

ANCOLD, Guidelines On Concrete-Faced Rockfill Dams, 1991.

ASCE, Civil Engineering Guidelines for Planning and Designing Hydro-Electric

Developments, Energy Division of ASCE, 1989.

ASCE, Construction of Concrete Face Rockfill Dams - Design, Construction, and

Performance, 1985.

ASCE, Design and Performance of Shiroro Rockfill Dam, Concrete Face Rockfill

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8

ASCE, Federal Policies in Water Resources Planning, prepared by Task Committee

on Federal Policies in Water Resources Planning, American Society of Civil

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