© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter 1: Fitness Professionals,...

© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1: Fitness Professionals, Coaches, and the

Sports Medicine Team: Defining Roles

Chapter 1: Fitness Professionals, Coaches, and the

Sports Medicine Team: Defining Roles


Sports Medicine vs.

Athletic Training


Sports Medicine

• Sports medicine refers to a broad field of medical practices related to physical activity and sport– Defined by American College of Sports Medicine

(ACSM) as multidisciplinary

• Sports medicines generally focuses on areas of performance enhancement, injury care, prevention and management


•Exercise Physiology

•Biomechanics

•Sport Psychology

•Sports Nutrition

•Strength and Conditioning

•Personal Fitness Training

•Coaching

•Physical Education

Performance Enhancement

Injury Care & Management

•Practice of Medicine

•Athletic Training

•Sports Physical Therapy

•Sports Massage Therapy

•Sports Dentistry

•Osteophathic Medicine

•Orthotists/Prosthetists

•Sports Chiropractic

•Sport Podiatry


Sports Medicine Organizations

• Sports medicine organizations tend to have many goals– Upgrade field by devising and maintaining a set of

professional standards (code of ethics)– Bring professionals together in collegial fashion for

exchange of ideas, critical thinking and research for advancement of profession

– Provide opportunities for individuals to work together toward singleness of purpose

• Many national organizations have state and local associations, serving as extensions of the larger body


Athletic Healthcare in Organized vs. Recreational Sports Activities

• Delivery of healthcare is dependent on whether the event is organized or recreational

• Organized activity– Generally competitive– Involves teams, leagues (secondary schools, collegiate and

professional teams)– Players of the sports medicine team (coach, athletic trainer,

physician) are employed on full- or part-time– College setting may also have nutritionist, sports

psychologist, strength & conditioning coach, massage therapist


• Recreational activity– Can be competitive but often times is done more

for leisure and is much less formal– City and community-based recreational leagues

and teams– Often include fitness-oriented events– Sometimes recreational athlete will hire a personal

fitness trainer– If injury occurs they are more likely to consult with

a family physician, athletic trainer, sports chiropractor or a sports physical therapist

• Typically, care provided on a fee for care basis

Athletic Healthcare in Organized vs. Recreational Sports Activities


The Players on the Sports The Players on the Sports Medicine TeamMedicine Team

The Players on the Sports The Players on the Sports Medicine TeamMedicine Team


Fitness Professionals

• Focus of the group is on improving performance

• Argument can be made that by an athlete achieving a higher level of fitness, injuries are less likely to occur

• The relationship between performance enhancement and injury prevention is critical


Personal Fitness Trainer

• Responsible for designing a comprehensive exercise program to meet an individual’s needs and goals while also considering a person’s health history

• Field emerged in the 1970’s and expanded tremendously in the 1980’s– Becoming an incredibly fast growing and

expansive field– Work with all types of individuals

• No single standard qualification for a person to practice as a fitness trainer



• Over 400 certification organizations - Four “credible”– American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)– National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM)– National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA)– American Council on Exercise (ACE)

• These organizations have specific requirements, mandatory testing/retesting, renewal periods, and continuing education

• Some even require a formal educational degree in exercise science or another related field

• All personal fitness trainers should be certified in CPR/AED1,2,3 and in basic First Aid1,2 (Red Cross1, National Safety Council2 or American Heart Association3)



• Strongest growth segment of the fitness industry

• Providing increasing services in post-rehabilitation training, sports conditioning, special medical needs, and weight management

• Working with a variety of client populations


Strength & Conditioning Coach

• Oversee fitness of an athlete• Often employed at the collegiate level for both team

and individual training sessions• Typically certified by the NSCA• All strength & conditioning coaches should be

certified in CPR/AED1,2,3 and in basic First Aid1,2 (Red Cross1, National Safety Council2 or American Heart Association3)

• Must work with the athletic trainer when it comes to modifying a strength training program relative to injury


Strength & Conditioning Coach

• The athletic trainer should dictate what the athlete can and cannot do when engaging in a strength & conditioning program

• Strength & conditioning coaches are typically not available at the high school level– The athletic trainer or team coach typically

assume this roles in these situations– Will require both program development and

overseeing the weight room


Recreation Specialists• A recreation specialist plans, organizes, and

oversees leisure activities and athletic programs in local recreation camp and park areas; in playground; in health clubs and fitness centers; in the workplace; and in theme parks

• Required to ensure that the environment is safe.• Should an injury occur to a participant, they should

be able to provide immediate and correct first aid and then refer for additional medical assistance

• All recreation specialist should be certified in CPR/AED1,2,3 and in basic First Aid1,2 (Red Cross1, National Safety Council2 or

American Heart Association3)


Recreation Specialists

• Recreation and Parks Directors– Serve as an advisor to local and state recreation and park

commissions to manage comprehensive recreation programs in a variety of setting

– Develop budgets for recreation programs

• Recreation supervisors– Serve as liaisons between parks director and recreation

leaders– Plan, organize and manage various activities; may also

direct special activities or events

• Recreation leaders– Responsible for daily operations of the recreation program


Recreation Specialists• Activity specialist

– Provide instruction and coach groups in specialties (i.e. swimming or tennis)

• Camp counselor– Lead and instruct campers in outdoor-oriented forms of

recreation

• Recreational therapist– Work in acute healthcare settings; working to treat and

rehabilitate individuals with specific health conditions– Utilize leisure activities to improve and maintain client’s

general health and well-being– May also provide interventions that help to prevent further

medical problems


Athletic Administrator• Has a significant impact on the sports medicine team• Responsible for hiring personnel (i.e. coaches, ATC’s,

strength coaches, nutritionists, team physician)– Must be sure that all individuals have the necessary credentials

and are willing to work as a team

• Must also oversee and develop policies & procedures, risk management plan, and emergency action plans

• Responsible for the budget and for funding all aspects of an athletic healthcare program– Salaries, supplies, equipment, insurance

• Commitment of the administrator can have a tremendous impact on the success of the athletic program


Coach

• Coach must be aware of the responsibilities of each individual associated with the team– If there is no athletic trainer, this becomes even

more critical

• Coach must understand limits of their ability to function as a health care provider in the state in which they are employed

• All coaches should be certified in CPR/AED1,2,3 and in basic First Aid1,2 (Red Cross1, National Safety Council2 or American Heart Association3)


Coach• Construct injury prevention conditioning programs

• Must provide high quality and properly fit protective equipment

• Apply proper first aid if necessary

• Be CPR/AED and First Aid certified

• Possess appropriate coaching licenses and certifications

• Have understanding of skill techniques and environmental factors associated with sport

• Continuing education through ASEP or NCACE

• Function as a coach


Athletic Trainer• Work with athletes from time of injury to

resolution• Directly responsible for all phases of health

care in an athletic environment• May be employed in a variety of settings

– Colleges/Universities/Secondary schools– Sports medicine clinics / Corporate settings– Amateur/Professional athletics– Military/NASA/NASCAR/Performing arts– Equipments sales/marketing


Athletic Trainer• Must have extensive background in formal

academic preparation and supervised practical experience

• Guidelines are set Board of Certification– Both in academic coursework and clinical

experience

• Upon meeting the educational guidelines applicants are eligible to sit for the examination

• Upon passing the certification examination = BOC certification as an athletic trainer– Credential of ATC


Domains of Athletic Training• Injury prevention

– Ensure appropriate training, monitor environment, nutrition, maintain & fitting equipment, appropriate use of medication

• Clinical evaluation and diagnosis– Recognize nature and extent of injury

• Immediate care – Provide first aid and management of acute injuries – (CPR/AED

and First Aid)

• Treatment, rehabilitation and reconditioning – Knowledge of equipment, manual therapy, therapeutic modalities

• Organization & administration – Budgeting, inventory, injury records, supervision of assistants,

insurance, EAP development

• Professional responsibility– Educating the public through seminars, research & providing good

care


Team Physician• Athletic trainer works under direct supervision of

physician• Physician assumes a number of roles

– Serves to advise and supervise athletic trainer• Physician and athletic trainer must be able to work

together• Compiling medical histories and conducting physical

exams• Diagnosing injury• Deciding on disqualifications

– ***Physician must have the final say on when the athlete should return to activity!!

• Attending practice and games• It is imperative that the team physician promote and

maintain consistently high quality care


Relationship Between the Sports Medicine Team and Athlete

• Primary concern should be that of the athlete– All individuals must work cooperatively in the best interest of

the athlete– Coach should differ to the medical staff and support

decisions regarding athlete health care• Close communication between all parties involved is

critical• All parties must work to develop solid working

relationship• Each member will have to gain trust and confidence

in the skills and abilities of each other• Imperative that the athlete is kept well-informed

– Coach and athletic trainer must make a point of educating the student-athlete


Family and the Sports Medicine Team

• Parents will also be involved at the high school and middle school level– Parent’s decision must be of a primary

consideration

• Athletic trainer must be prepared to deal with multiple healthcare providers at parents request– May be dictated via parent’s insurance plan

• Must also be sure that athlete and family are familiar with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)


Other Members of the Sports Other Members of the Sports Medicine TeamMedicine Team

Other Members of the Sports Other Members of the Sports Medicine TeamMedicine Team

• Physicians• Dentist• Podiatrist• Nurse• Physicians Assistant• Sports Chiropractors• Physical Therapist• Massage Therapist• Orthotist/prosthetist• Equipment Personnel

• Physicians• Dentist• Podiatrist• Nurse• Physicians Assistant• Sports Chiropractors• Physical Therapist• Massage Therapist• Orthotist/prosthetist• Equipment Personnel

• Exercise Physiologist• Biomechanist• Nutritionist• Sport Psychologist• Emergency Medical

Specialists• Strength &

Conditioning Coach• Referees

• Exercise Physiologist• Biomechanist• Nutritionist• Sport Psychologist• Emergency Medical

Specialists• Strength &

Conditioning Coach• Referees

© 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter 1: Fitness Professionals,...

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Transcript of © 2010 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter 1: Fitness Professionals,...