© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Chapter One: Alcohol McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. CHAPTER 16 Classroom Assessment.
-
date post
21-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of © 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. CHAPTER 16 Classroom Assessment.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Terminology
Assessment Assessment > Grading
Measurement Grading
Grading ≠ assessment Norm-referenced Criterion-referenced
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Grading and Reporting Performance
Based on comparison of student’s performance with classmates
Referred to as “grading on the curve”
Grading scale determines what percentages get a particular grade
Based on comparisons with predetermined standards
Referred to as “absolute grading”
Grading is based on level of mastery
Criterion-Referenced Grading
Norm-Referenced Grading
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Assessment as an Integral Part of Teaching
Diagnostic Assessment
Formative Assessment
Summative Assessment
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Qualities of Assessments
ReliabilityReliability Does the assessment yield stable and dependable scores relatively free of measurement errors?
ValidityValidity Does the assessment measure what it is intended to measure?Content validityCriterion-Related validityConstruct validity
FairnessFairness Do all students have equal opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge and skill?
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Classroom Assessment
Constructed-Response
Items
TraditionalTests
Selected-ResponseItems
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Selected-Response Items Multiple-Choice Items
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Constructed-Response Items Short-Answer Items, Essay Items
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Scoring
Raw score Percentage Item difficulty index Item discrimination index
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Item Difficulty Index
Item difficulty index is the percentage of students who obtain the correct answer to an item.1. Rank-order the scores, highest to lowest.
2. Select the top third and the bottom third scores.
3. Determine the percentage of high/low scorers by adding a zero.
4. Add the percentage of high and low and divide by 2.
high % + low % = difficulty index 2
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Item Discrimination Index
Reflects the item’s ability to discriminate between individuals who scored high and those who scored
low on the entire test
Percentage correct in high-scoring group
Percentage correct in low-scoring group
Item Discrimination
Index
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Test Construction
Test planning and objectives Selecting test items Grading
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Alternative Assessments
Authentic assessment includes dance, music, art, and physical education as well as papers, projects, experiments, and portfolios.
Authentic assessment means evaluating a student’s knowledge or skill in a context that approximates the real world or real life
as closely as possible.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Performance Assessments
Performance assessments are evaluated when
specific criteria (behaviors) are performed by the student.
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Portfolio Assessments
Artifacts: Students’ papers and homework
Reproductions: Documentation of a student’s work outside the classroom
Attestations: Teachers’ or others’ documentation of a student’s work
Productions: Documents prepared especially for the portfolio
Portfolio assessment consists of evaluating a systematic and
organized collection of a student’s work that
demonstrates the student’s skills and accomplishments.