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10-1chapter

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CHAPTER OUTLINE

• Race, Ethnicity, & “Minority”• Prejudice, Discrimination, & Racism

• Government / Social Policy• Current Controversies

1RACE AND ETHNICITY

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10-2Minority, Racial, and Ethnic

Groups

Source: Author’s estimate; Bureau of the Census 1975, 2000c; Grieco and Cassidy 2001; Thornton 1987.

Continued…

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10-3Minority, Racial, and Ethnic

Groups

Source: Author’s estimate; Bureau of the Census 1975, 2000c; Grieco and Cassidy 2001; Thornton 1987.

Continued…

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10-4Minority, Racial, and Ethnic

Groups

What is causing White non-Hispanic to soon be the minority population?

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10-5Race and Ethnicity: Immigration Trends

█ Figure 10.6: Immigration in the United States, 1820s-1990s

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10-6Minority, Racial, and Ethnic

Groups

– Racial Group: group that is set apart from others because of obvious physical differences

– Ethnic Group: group that is set apart from others primarily because of where they come from or unique cultural patterns (religion, etc.)

█Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups

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10-7Minority, Racial, and Ethnic

Groups

– Biological Significance of Race

• There are no “pure races”

• Migration, exploration, and invasion led to intermingling of races

█Race

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10-8Minority, Racial, and Ethnic

Groups

█ The trouble with race

“African – Americans”

- of Southern slave decent?- “house” or “field” slave?

- of Northern freed slave decent?- of Caribbean decent?- of African immigrant decent?

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10-9Minority, Racial, and Ethnic

Groups

• People define a group as a race in part on physical characteristics and in part on historical, cultural, and economic factors

• Most issues related to race and ethnicity are based on the social interaction between and among them.

█Race– Social Significance of Race

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10-10Minority, Racial, and Ethnic

Groups

█ Stereotypes & Generalizations

What’s the difference?

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10-11Minority, Racial, and Ethnic

Groups

█ Stereotypes & Generalizations

• Stereotype – a view that may no longer be based in fact but still continues.

• Irish – “lazy drunks”

• Generalization – a view that is based in fact and not meant to harm or put down.

• Greeks – “own diners”

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10-12Minority, Racial, and Ethnic

Groups

█ Stereotypes & Generalizations

How do they form?

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10-13Minority, Racial, and Ethnic

Groups

█ Stereotypes & Generalizations

– Culturally developed skills

– Chinese – merchants, education

– Jewish – textile, money, educ.

– “Middle-Men Minorities”

– Germans – military, farming, piano making

– Irish – political leadership

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10-14Minority, Racial, and Ethnic

Groups

█ Germans and the Amer. military

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10-15Minority, Racial, and Ethnic

Groups

█ Stereotypes & Generalizations

Discounting something as “only” a stereotype does a disservice to the group

and society.

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10-16Minority, Racial, and Ethnic

Groups

█ Stereotypes & Generalizations

Asian success in school is not “only” or “just” a

stereotype!

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10-17Prejudice and Discrimination

– Ethnocentrism: Tendency to assume that one’s culture and way of life are superior to all others

– Prejudice: Negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority

– Racism: form of prejudice; Belief that one race is supreme and all others are innately inferior

█Attitudes & Beliefs

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10-18Prejudice and Discrimination

– Discrimination: denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups based on some type of arbitrary bias.• Discrimination persists even for educated

and qualified minority members• “The Glass Ceiling”

█ Behaviors / Actions

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10-19“The Glass Ceiling”

CEO / Pres. / Boards

______________________

Regional Managers

Managers

General Employee

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10-20Prejudice and Discrimination

–not the people, it’s the system)

█Institutional Discrimination

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10-21Prejudice and Discrimination

– Examples:• Requiring English only to be spoken at

work.• Preferential admissions policies by colleges• Restrictive employment-leave policies

█Institutional Discrimination

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10-22Studying Race and Ethnicity

█“Contact Hypothesis”

– Interracial contact between people will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon old stereotypes

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10-23Racism

█ Did racism lead to slavery or did slavery lead to racism?

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10-24Government Action

█ US Constitution– Slavery– 3/5 Rule

█ Civil War█ 14th Amendment – citizenship / “equal protection”

█ 15th Amendment – voting rights█ 1876 Jim Crow Laws█ 1896 Plessy v Ferguson

– “Separate but equal”

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10-25Government Action

█ 1954 – Brown v Board of Ed.– “Desegregated” schools– “Separate schools inherently unequal”

█ “Char-Meck” Case – Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenburg County– “Integrated” schools - Forced busing

█ Bakke Case v Univ. of Calif. Med School

– “Set-aside program” - Affirmative Action

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10-26Government Action

█Institutional DiscriminationAffirmative Action: Positive efforts to

recruit minority members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities.

A remedy or a contradiction?

What do you think?

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10-27Minority, Racial, and Ethnic

Groups

– Properties of minority groups include: • Unequal treatment• Distinguishing cultural

characteristics• Involuntary

membership• Solidarity• In-group marriage

█ Minority Groups

Groups whose members have significantly less control or power than members of the dominant or majority group

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10-28Minority, Racial, and Ethnic

Groups█ Minority Groups v Minority Status

-Minority Group – determined by population numbers relative to other groups in society

-Minority Status – a group that may or may not be the majority of people in a population but who do not share the same power, advantages, and/or privileges as others.

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10-29Patterns of Intergroup

Relations

– Process by which a person forsakes (decreases/eliminates parts of) his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture

– Geno’s Steaks controversy• What do you think?

█Assimilation

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10-30Patterns of Intergroup

Relations

Process by which a group identifies aspects of their culture that are holding them back and replaces them with others that will lead to more positive outcomes.• Irish-Catholics• Jewish Americans

█Acculturation

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10-31Government Policy

█ Racial Profiling: any arbitrary action initiated by an authority based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on a person’s behavior– Trayvon Martin Case?

█ Hate Crime Laws: an act motivated by prejudice or bias. To be a hate crime, the act must be criminal - not a mere expression of an intolerant opinion.

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10-32Race and Economics

The “costs” of discrimination

Examples:

█ Jackie Robinson█ Montgomery Bus Boycott█ Sit-Ins & Department Stores

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10-33Race and Economics

█ “The Asian dilemma”– Discrimination

– Highest academic achievers in US

– Highest avg. salaries in US

– Little to no government representation

█ The power of GREEN!