網路多媒體研究所 1 WCDMA Technology Past, Present and Future Part V: Beyond WCDMA.

1 網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所

WCDMA TechnologyWCDMA TechnologyPast, Present and FuturePast, Present and Future

Part V:Beyond WCDMA

網路多媒體研究所網路多媒體研究所2

Part V:Beyond WCDMA

• 3GPP Development Progress• Enhancements for Further Releases


3GPP Development Progress• 3GPP developed in a phased approach3GPP developed in a phased approach

Functionality

Time1999-12 2001-03 2002-03/06

Release 1999Release 1999

Release 4Release 4

Release nRelease n

Release 5Release 5

UTRA FDD/TDD

modes, USIM,

AMR speech

codec, MMS,

LCS,

CAMEL etc.

LCR TDD,

UTRA FDD

repeater function,

700MHz support

for GERAN

IMS phase 1,

HSDPA,

Wideband AMR,

IP transport

in UTRAN

MBMS,

WLAN/UMTS

Interworking,

IMS phase 2

Release 6Release 6

2003/12

OFDM?

MIMO?

EDCH?

IMS further

Phase?


3GPP Release 5 Features• HSDPA:High Speed Downlink Packet Access

– Opens up throughput in order of 10Mbit/s– Introduces a variable modulation scheme to allow more

efficient use of the radio spectrum. – It is only intended to be used on the downlink and for shared

channels such as DSCH. – It includes a new modulation scheme (16 QAM with Hybrid

ARQ).– Included in ITU-R update of M.1457

• Support of Radio in additional bands– Makes possible the use the full radio system in additional

bands such as 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz, and enables the use of PCS in the US.

• Base station Classification– A classification scheme is introduced for Base Station in terms

of certain radio parameters.


3GPP Release 5 Features• IP Transport

– Allow the option of full IP transport within the network side of a PLMN. This is intended as a complement to IP Multimedia.

– Several improvements in terms of functionality of the nodes in the Access Network also included.

• One typical example is the possibility to allow soft handover for common channels

• Another example is the possibility to connect an RNC to multiple Core networks nodes when the Core network element cannot handle the traffic of one RNC.

• IMS:IP-based Multimedia Services– In two phases (Phase 1 in Release 5)– IP core network (IPv6)– Handling of multimedia services using SIP signalling and the

bearers offered by the PS domain


3GPP Release 5 Features

• End to End QoS for real time packet services• MExE, LCS, GERAN, Security, Messaging, enhancements• Wideband AMR codec• ETC…


HSDPA:High Speed Downlink Packet

Access• Supports services requiring

instantaneous high data rates in the downlink– e.g. Internet browsing; video on demand

• Various configurations defined, offering data rates of up to 10Mbit/s



Access• Support for very high data rates

– Peak data rate 14 Mbps (theoretical)– Actual peak data rate depends on e.g. channel conditions

• Improved capacity– 100-200% improvement for ”best-effort” packet data (e.g. web-

browsing)– Improved capacity also for streaming services (50%)

• Significantly reduced delay– Higher data rates– Shorter TTI – Fast retransmissions

• Improved end-user quality• Improved overall efficiency when

interacting with higher-layer protocols



Access

Fast link adaptation

Channel-dependent scheduling

Basic principle:Basic principle:

Adapt to variations in Adapt to variations in instantaneous instantaneous radio-channel conditions!radio-channel conditions!

Short TTI

2 ms Fast retransmissions with soft combining

+

Higher-ordermodulation

16QAMQPSK

+


Release 99/4

DCH/DSCHDCH/DSCH

2 Mbps Packet

Mar00 Dec00

R99

R4

Hybrid ARQHybrid ARQ Dynamic Scheduling

Dynamic Scheduling

Adaptive Modulation & Coding

Adaptive Modulation & Coding

HSDPA Release 5

EnhancedChannel Structure

EnhancedChannel Structure

2.4Mbps Packet

June 02

HS-DSCH

Dec 03

Fast Cell Selection

Fast Cell Selection

MIMOMIMO

HSDPA Release 6

10.8 Mbps Packet (2x2)20 Mbps Packet (4x4)

HS-DSCH


IMS:IP Based Multimedia Service

• IMS provides:– IP Transport in the Core network– IP Transport in the UTRAN

• And this therefore provides the possibility for:– End to end IP services– Increased potential for service integration– Easy adoption and integration of instant

messaging, presence and real time conversational services


3GPP Release 6 Features• Multiple Input Multiple Output antennas (MIMO)

– This concerns the possibility to improve receiver performance for HSDPA by having multiple antennas in the User Equipment.

• UMTS 850– This enables the use of FDD and TDD based systems in new

spectrum bands (of particular interest to the Americas).• Beamforming Enhancements

– This specifies Beamforming techniques using dedicated pilot symbols or S-CPICH, which have the potential to improve system capacity.

– These will improve the benefits obtained from using beamforming. – The remote control of tilting antennas is also under consideration.

• Use of UTRA in other spectrum arrangements Contributions already prepared for ITU-R WP8/F

FDD & TDD in 850MHz, 1.7/2.1 GHz for USA and 800 MHz for Japan 2500-2690 MHz


3GPP Release 6 Features• Network sharing• Radio improvements• Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) in RAN

– This will allow better use of the radio spectrum for the support of MBMS.

– The intention is to enable more efficient use of the spectrum under certain conditions by changing from a point to point connection to a point to multipoint connection using common resources.

• Wireless LAN/UMTS interworking• Presence• Speech recognition and speech enabled services • IMS "Phase 2" (incl. IMS Messaging, Conferencing, Group

Management)• Interoperability between IMS using different IP-connectivity

networks


Internetworking with WLAN

• Use WLAN as access network• WLAN operated either by 3GPP operator or by 3rd party

UE

WLAN Access Control

WLAN system

AP WLAN

Access Authentication Charging

M

WLAN Access Control

WLAN system

AP WLAN


.

3GPP System 3GPP System

3GPP System

PS Domain

UE

Node - B/BTS

HLR Access Authentication Charging Encryption Mobility

3GPP PS Services (e.g. IMS)

PSTN

1 .

N

External IP Networks

WLAN Access Control

WLAN system

AP WLAN


.

CS Domain

WLAN Access Control

WLAN system

AP WLAN


2

WLAN Access Control

WLAN system

AP

Access Authentication Charging Mobility

1

UTRAN/GERAN

3GPP Billing System

3GPP Billing System

3GPP Billing System

WLAN

UE UE

WLAN Access Control

WLAN system

AP WLAN


M

WLAN Access Control

WLAN system

AP WLAN WLAN


M

WLAN Access Control

WLAN system

AP WLAN


.

WLAN Access Control

WLAN system

AP WLAN WLAN


.

3GPP System 3GPP System

3GPP System

PS Domain

UE UE

Node - B/BTS

HLR Access Authentication Charging Encryption Mobility

3GPP PS Services (e.g. IMS)

PSTN

1 .

N

External IP Networks

WLAN Access Control

WLAN system

AP WLAN


.

WLAN Access Control

WLAN system

AP WLAN WLAN


.

CS Domain

WLAN Access Control

WLAN system

AP WLAN


2

WLAN Access Control

WLAN

AP WLAN WLAN


2

WLAN Access Control

WLAN

AP

Access Authentication Charging Mobility

1

UTRAN/GERAN

3GPP Billing System

3GPP Billing System

3GPP Billing System

3GPP Billing System

3GPP Billing System

3GPP Billing System

Network


Interworking Scenarios• Scenario 1: Common billing and customer care

– Single bill and integrated customer care– Security level of the two systems are independent

• Scenario 2: 3GPP-based access control and charging– AAA provided by 3GPP system– Security of the two systems are consistent– Basic IP connectivity

• Scenario 3: Access to 3GPP system PS-based services– Extend 3GPP system PS services (e.g. IMS, LCS, etc.) to WLAN– No service continuity– May require QoS support in WLAN


Interworking Scenarios• Scenario 4: Service continuity

– Survive a change of access between 3GPP and WLAN– Change may be noticeable to the user– Service quality may be changed

• Scenario 5: Seamless services– Minimize data loss and break time– VoIP calls

• Scenario 6: Access to 3GPP system CS-based services– Access to services provided by 3GPP CS core networks over W

LAN– Seamless and user-transparent switching between access tec

hnologies for CS services


Interworking Scenarios and their Capabilities

Scenarios:

Service and operational Capabilities:

Scenario 1: Common

Billing and Customer

Care

Scenario 2: 3GPP system based Access

Control and Charging

Scenario 3: Access to

3GPP system PS

based services

Scenario 4: Service

continuity

Scenario 5:

Seamless services

Scenario 6: Access to

3GPP system CS based Services

Common billing

X X X X X X

Common customer care

X X X X X X

3GPP system based Access Control

X X X X X

3GPP system based Access Charging

X X X X X

Access to 3GPP system PS based services from

WLAN

X X X X

Service Continuity

X X X

Seamless Service Continuity

X X

Access to 3GPP system CS based Services with

seamless mobility

X



• Architecture for supporting authentication, authorization and charging (scenarios 1 and 2)– AAA Server is an IETF-standardized entity doing “authentication, au

thorization, accounting”– AAA Server receives data from HSS / HLR– WLAN UEs

• multihomed with WLAN and 3GPP access capability• Contain USIM

– USIM in WLAN UE allows using 3GPP subscription



• Architecture for supporting access to 3GPP packet switched services (Scenario 3)

Ww

3GPP Home Network

WLAN Access Network

WLANUE

3GPP AAAServer

Packet DataGateway

HSS

HLR

CGw/CCF

OCS

Wo

Intranet / Internet

3GPP Visited Network

3GPP AAAProxy

CGw/CCF

WAGWn

Wf

Wd

Wp

Wi

Wx

Wu


Internetworking with WLAN• UE is authenticated by Proxy AAA Server in visited network

relaying data to AAA Server in home network• PDG (Packet Data Gateway)

– A tunnel is established between UE and PDG– PDG provides access to 3GPP services (e.g. IMS)– PDG acts as Policy Enforcement Point for Service Bases Local

Policy (similar to GGSN)• WAG (WLAN Access Gateway)

– Gateway to WLAN, i.e. all packets to/from WLAN routed via WAG

– Enforces routing of packets to PDG


Enhancements for Further Releases

• Analysis of OFDM for UTRAN enhancementAnalysis of OFDM for UTRAN enhancement• Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antennas• FDD enhanced uplink• Uplink Enhancements for Dedicated Transport Channels• Analysis of higher chip rates for UTRA TDD evolution• Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS)• Evolution of UTRAN ArchitectureEvolution of UTRAN Architecture• Early Mobile Handling in UTRAN• Push to talk over Cellular• MMS enhancements• Packet switched streaming services• USIM/UICC enhancements• Etc…


Evolution of WCDMA (”WCDMA Evolved”)

Rel 4 Rel 5 Rel 7

OFDM ?Enhanced Uplink?

WCDMA EvolvedWCDMA Evolved

MIMO ?

WCDMAWCDMA

Wider Bandwidth

?

... ?... ?

Enhanced Downlink(”HSDPA”)

Similar evolution in 3GPP2 (cdma2000)

HSDPA = High Speed Downlink Packet Access

Source: Wireless IP / BEATS workshop [2003-06-03], Ericsson


3G Evolution towards Wider Bandwidth

Further evolution of 3G air-interface standardsmay require wider transmission bandwidth

5 MHz

Alternatives

”Super-wideband” CDMA

Multi-carrier WCDMA

WCDMA

Is this still 3G?Is this still 3G?


Comparison of Wireless Communication

Ubiquity（ number of terminals/distribution density/real time/total information volume ）

10.1 Information Speed (Mbit/s)

10 100

４ G

NomadicWireless Access Millimeter-

wave LAN

3.5G3G

• low-speed & capacity• intermittent & scattered• very large number• IP-based / non IP-based?

Mobility • High-speed

• High-capacity• Low bit cost• IP-based

2G

UbiquitousNW

Source: ITU “Workshop on Next Generation Networks: What, When & How? “,by NTT DOCOMO EU Lab, Geneva, 9-10 July 2003


Beyond 3G and 4G

• ITU-R M.1654,

– "Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT‑2000 and systems beyond IMT‑2000" was approved in June 2003.

– This Recommendation will be a guideline to develop beyond 3G systems and states the definition of 4G with ththe definition of 4G with the data rate should be around 100Mbps when moving fast lie data rate should be around 100Mbps when moving fast like in a train, and 1Gbps when not moving ke in a train, and 1Gbps when not moving


Expectations for 3GPP Evolution

• End User– Ubiquitous mobile access– Easy access to applications & services– Appropriate quality at reasonable cost– Long battery life– Enhanced security

• Network Operators– QoS and security management– Flexibility in network configuration– Reduced cost of equipment– Maximized usage and sharing capabilities– Single authentication

• Manufacturer/Application Developer– Reduced cost of equipment– Access to global market– Programmable platforms


3GPP Enhancements (1/2)

• RAN– Improved Radio Performance– Support for Better UE Performance– Utilization of alternative access technologies– Optimization of radio access network architecture– Technology Improvement

• CN– Harmonized IMS between 3GPP and 3GPP2– Service expandability– Security support– High performance and system efficiency– System flexibility, scalability, interoperability, robustness


3GPP Enhancements (2/2)

• Service Provision– Content/service adaptation based on user preferences– Flexible billing– Enhanced QoS and security– Service portability – Global roaming– Seamless service and service interworking– Service harmonization

• Operations Support Systems– Improved/Standardised OAM&P and customer care possibilities

• UE– User friendly UI– Long battery life

• Smartcard– UICC as cornerstone for all trusted relationships– Support of secure download of both terminal and UICC

applications


3GPP Long Term Evolution• RAN

– Long term target peak data rates• Up to 100 Mbps in full mobility, wide area deployments• Up to 1 Gbps in low mobility, local area deployments

– Long term spectral efficiency target:• In a single (isolated) cell, up to 5-10 bps/Hz• In a multi-cellular case, up to 2-3 bps/Hz

– Reaching the peak data rate targets• by gradual evolution of existing 3GPP (UTRAN) and alternate

access means (e.g. WLAN)• by new access techniques

• CN– Seamless integrated network– Broadband and multiple bearer service capability– Interworking between 3GPP mobile network and other

networks– Ad-hoc networking approach


Summary

• High data rate & Services are the trends• High data rate:

– HSDPA, MIMO, etc.– WLAN, OFDM, etc.

• Services:– Enhanced services: SMS/EMS/MMS/LCS, etc.– IP-based transport & services– Open service architecture: IMS, OSA, etc.– Security, Charging, and QoS

網路多媒體研究所 1 WCDMA Technology Past, Present and Future Part V: Beyond WCDMA.

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Transcript of 網路多媒體研究所 1 WCDMA Technology Past, Present and Future Part V: Beyond WCDMA.