Who were the “midnight judges”? Who were the “midnight judges”?

Judges who received their appointments Judges who received their appointments only hours before John Adams left office. only hours before John Adams left office.

What law did the Supreme Court use in What law did the Supreme Court use in deciding deciding Marbury Marbury v.v. Madison? Madison?

The Judiciary Act of 1789 The Judiciary Act of 1789

What was the motive for the First What was the motive for the First Seminole War?Seminole War?

General Jackson and his troops invaded General Jackson and his troops invaded Florida without presidential authorization.Florida without presidential authorization.

5. Before the War of 1812, why were 5. Before the War of 1812, why were Americans reluctant to build new factories Americans reluctant to build new factories and machinery?and machinery?

because British manufacturers could because British manufacturers could produce large amounts of goods and produce large amounts of goods and charge lower pricescharge lower prices

The Neutrality Proclamation allowed the The Neutrality Proclamation allowed the United States to remain neutral to which United States to remain neutral to which countries?countries?

to all nations at war in Europeto all nations at war in Europe

What event brought on the rallying cry of What event brought on the rallying cry of the American people “Millions for defense, the American people “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!” ?but not one cent for tribute!” ?

the XYZ affairthe XYZ affair

What concept influenced the works of What concept influenced the works of James Fenimore Cooper and Washington James Fenimore Cooper and Washington Irving?Irving?

nationalismnationalism

What best describes the occupations of What best describes the occupations of most people in Europe and the United most people in Europe and the United States, in the early 1700s?States, in the early 1700s?

farmersfarmers

Why did cities grow rapidly during the mid-Why did cities grow rapidly during the mid-1800s?1800s?

a.due to immigration and the migration of a.due to immigration and the migration of rural inhabitants to urban areasrural inhabitants to urban areas

During the 1800s, what made the growth During the 1800s, what made the growth in communication, trade, and travel in communication, trade, and travel possible? possible?

the introduction of steamboats, railroads, the introduction of steamboats, railroads, and the expansion of roads and canalsand the expansion of roads and canals

What caused the slave trade to increase What caused the slave trade to increase during the early 1800s?during the early 1800s?

because growing and harvesting cotton because growing and harvesting cotton and other southern crops required a large and other southern crops required a large number of field handsnumber of field hands

Why did the American Anti-Slavery Why did the American Anti-Slavery Society split in 1840?Society split in 1840?

over the role of women in the abolition over the role of women in the abolition movementmovement

Why did more poor white men gained Why did more poor white men gained suffrage in the 1820s and 1830s?suffrage in the 1820s and 1830s?

because many states eliminated property because many states eliminated property ownership as a qualification for voting.ownership as a qualification for voting.

What was the purpose of the American What was the purpose of the American Temperance Society and the American Temperance Society and the American Temperance Union?Temperance Union?

to urge people to give up or to limit the to urge people to give up or to limit the consumption of alcoholconsumption of alcohol

What is significant about the textile mill in What is significant about the textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island? Pawtucket, Rhode Island?

It was the first successful millIt was the first successful mill

What was the function of the Indian What was the function of the Indian Removal Act? Removal Act?

to open land in the Southeast to American to open land in the Southeast to American farmersfarmers

What was the motive for the First What was the motive for the First Seminole War?Seminole War?

General Jackson and his troops invaded General Jackson and his troops invaded Florida without presidential authorization.Florida without presidential authorization.

With the technical advances of the 19th With the technical advances of the 19th century, how could workers more easily century, how could workers more easily assemble products and replace defective assemble products and replace defective parts?parts?

because of interchangeable partsbecause of interchangeable parts

What is significant about the textile mill in What is significant about the textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island? Pawtucket, Rhode Island?

It was the first successful millIt was the first successful mill

Who turned the fight for women’s right into Who turned the fight for women’s right into a political movement?a political movement?

Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony

What was the first capitol of the Republic of What was the first capitol of the Republic of Texas?Texas?

HoustonHouston

How would you explain why Presidents How would you explain why Presidents Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren declined to annex Texas? declined to annex Texas?

because Texas would have entered the because Texas would have entered the Union as a slave stateUnion as a slave state

During the 1800s, what made the growth During the 1800s, what made the growth in communication, trade, and travel in communication, trade, and travel possible? possible?

the introduction of steamboats, railroads, the introduction of steamboats, railroads, and the expansion of roads and canalsand the expansion of roads and canals

How would you explain how Eli Whitney How would you explain how Eli Whitney contributed to the Industrial Revolution?contributed to the Industrial Revolution?

He introduced mass production and He introduced mass production and interchangeable partsinterchangeable parts

How would you describe the people John How would you describe the people John Brown intended to arm as a result of his Brown intended to arm as a result of his raid on Harper’s Ferry?raid on Harper’s Ferry?

as Slaves who would begin an insurrection as Slaves who would begin an insurrection against slaveholders.against slaveholders.

How would you explain the Southern How would you explain the Southern reaction to the abolition movement?reaction to the abolition movement?

They united in their defense of slavery.They united in their defense of slavery.

What is significant about the publication of What is significant about the publication of the paper the the paper the North Star?North Star?

It was published by abolitionist Frederick It was published by abolitionist Frederick Douglass.Douglass.

From 1836 to 1844, the Gag Rule From 1836 to 1844, the Gag Rule prevented discussion about which issue in prevented discussion about which issue in the U.S. House of Representatives?the U.S. House of Representatives?

antislavery petitionsantislavery petitions

How would you express the reason How would you express the reason Angelina and Sarah Grimké joined the Angelina and Sarah Grimké joined the antislavery movement?antislavery movement?

They rejected the views of their southern, They rejected the views of their southern, slaveholding family.slaveholding family.

How would you classify the roles of How would you classify the roles of Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, and Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, and Harriet Tubman in the abolition movement Harriet Tubman in the abolition movement in relation to their race and former social in relation to their race and former social status?status?

Key, since all were former slaves who Key, since all were former slaves who spoke for the movementspoke for the movement

How would you describe the views of How would you describe the views of Horace Greeley and William Lloyd Horace Greeley and William Lloyd Garrison relating to abolition?Garrison relating to abolition?

Greely and Garrison were both prominent Greely and Garrison were both prominent leaders in the abolition movement.leaders in the abolition movement.

Who was the Underground Railroad Who was the Underground Railroad designed to aid?designed to aid?

slavesslaves

How would you classify the movement led How would you classify the movement led by Harriet Tubman?by Harriet Tubman?

She led the Underground Railroad She led the Underground Railroad Movement, a network of people who Movement, a network of people who arranged transportation and hiding places arranged transportation and hiding places for fugitive slaves.for fugitive slaves.

How would you describe the Underground How would you describe the Underground Railroad Movement?Railroad Movement?

a network of people who arranged a network of people who arranged transportation and hiding places for transportation and hiding places for fugitive slaves.fugitive slaves.

Why did Harriet Beecher Stowe write her Why did Harriet Beecher Stowe write her powerful antislavery novel?powerful antislavery novel?

She read slave narratives and met fugitive She read slave narratives and met fugitive slaves in Ohio, where she livedslaves in Ohio, where she lived

Which controversy resulted in the Which controversy resulted in the Compromise of 1850 and eventually led to Compromise of 1850 and eventually led to the Civil War?the Civil War?

maintaining the balance of power of slave maintaining the balance of power of slave and free states in the Senate.and free states in the Senate.

Why did southern leaders refer to cotton Why did southern leaders refer to cotton as “King Cotton”?as “King Cotton”?

because of the importance of the cotton because of the importance of the cotton trade to the South’s economytrade to the South’s economy

How would you describe the Fugitive How would you describe the Fugitive Slave Act?Slave Act?

As part of the Compromise of 1850.As part of the Compromise of 1850.

When Stephen Douglas introduced the When Stephen Douglas introduced the Kansas-Nebraska bill, how did southern Kansas-Nebraska bill, how did southern senators react?senators react?

They agreed to abandon their plan for a They agreed to abandon their plan for a southern railroad route if the new territory southern railroad route if the new territory west of Missouri was opened to slavery.west of Missouri was opened to slavery.

What motivated Thomas Jefferson to send What motivated Thomas Jefferson to send Lewis and Clark to the Louisiana Lewis and Clark to the Louisiana Purchase?Purchase?

to learn about the West and find a river to learn about the West and find a river route to the Pacific Ocean.route to the Pacific Ocean.

What treaty that ended the Mexican War?What treaty that ended the Mexican War?The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Which party was united by its followers’ Which party was united by its followers’ opposition to the expansion of slavery?opposition to the expansion of slavery?

The Republican PartyThe Republican Party

How would you describe the major issue How would you describe the major issue dividing the parties in the election of 1860?dividing the parties in the election of 1860?

as slaveryas slavery

Which presidential candidate opposed the Which presidential candidate opposed the spread of slavery but promised not to spread of slavery but promised not to support abolishing it where it already support abolishing it where it already existed?existed?

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

What was ordered by the Emancipation Proclamation?

It called for all slaves in areas rebelling It called for all slaves in areas rebelling against the Union to be freedagainst the Union to be freed

What was the main idea of The Morrill Act What was the main idea of The Morrill Act of 1862?of 1862?

the granting of public lands to states for the granting of public lands to states for land-grant collegesland-grant colleges

How did German immigrant Levi Strauss How did German immigrant Levi Strauss earn his fortune in California?earn his fortune in California?

by making durable denim work pants to by making durable denim work pants to sell to minerssell to miners

How did California enter the Union?How did California enter the Union?As a free state.As a free state.

What was the main result of Lincoln What was the main result of Lincoln suspending writs of habeas corpus?suspending writs of habeas corpus?

A person could be imprisoned indefinitely A person could be imprisoned indefinitely without a trial without a trial

Which Confederate attack ignited the Civil Which Confederate attack ignited the Civil War?War?

The attack on Fort SumterThe attack on Fort Sumter

How would you classify the military How would you classify the military leadership of the Southern army?leadership of the Southern army?

The South had more skilled military The South had more skilled military leaders than the Northleaders than the North

What can be said about the significance of What can be said about the significance of the Union capture of the City of the Union capture of the City of Vicksburg?Vicksburg?

They would control the Mississippi RiverThey would control the Mississippi River

Which city was the location of the first Which city was the location of the first capital of the Confederacy?capital of the Confederacy?

MontgomeryMontgomery

Which Northern Alabama county Which Northern Alabama county disagreed with Alabama’s decision to disagreed with Alabama’s decision to secede from the Union?secede from the Union?

Winston CountyWinston County

Why did Lincoln want to prevent Maryland Why did Lincoln want to prevent Maryland from seceding?from seceding?

Washington D.C. would be surrounded by Washington D.C. would be surrounded by confederate territoryconfederate territory

Why didn’t Robert E. Lee accept Why didn’t Robert E. Lee accept command of the Union troops?command of the Union troops?

He could not fight against Virginia and the He could not fight against Virginia and the southsouth

What was the purpose of Sherman’s What was the purpose of Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia?“March to the Sea” through Georgia?

To destroy anything that may be of use to To destroy anything that may be of use to the enemythe enemy

Who was promised 40 acres and a mule” Who was promised 40 acres and a mule” by General Sherman?by General Sherman?

Freed slave families in the SouthFreed slave families in the South

What was the most important What was the most important transportation advantage held by the North transportation advantage held by the North during the Civil War?during the Civil War?

More miles of Railroad tracksMore miles of Railroad tracks

How would you classify the Southern How would you classify the Southern belief that the cotton trade would win them belief that the cotton trade would win them foreign support during the Civil War?foreign support during the Civil War?

Cotton diplomacyCotton diplomacy

What Mississippi city did Grant surround in What Mississippi city did Grant surround in 1863?1863?

VicksburgVicksburg

What river was strategically important for the control What river was strategically important for the control of commerce and troops in the Cofederacy?of commerce and troops in the Cofederacy?

Mississippi River Mississippi River

Same as #53Same as #53

How would you summarize the importance How would you summarize the importance of the capture of Chattanooga by Union of the capture of Chattanooga by Union forces during the Civil War?forces during the Civil War?

The Union would control a major Railroad The Union would control a major Railroad running south to Atlantarunning south to Atlanta

What best identifies where Lee’s attempt What best identifies where Lee’s attempt to launch an offensive into Union territory to launch an offensive into Union territory ended in defeat?ended in defeat?

GettysburgGettysburg

Why did the Union navy want to blockade Why did the Union navy want to blockade the South?the South?

To cut off Southern trade and hurt the To cut off Southern trade and hurt the economyeconomy

What was the reaction of many What was the reaction of many southerners to Lincoln’s election?southerners to Lincoln’s election?

They believed Lincoln would abolish They believed Lincoln would abolish slaveryslavery

How would you describe the attitude of the How would you describe the attitude of the Radical Republicans toward the Radical Republicans toward the citizenship of former slaves?citizenship of former slaves?

They should be granted citizenship, They should be granted citizenship, including the right to voteincluding the right to vote

What were the features of Lincoln’s plan What were the features of Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction?for Reconstruction?

Lenient and fair treatment for the SouthLenient and fair treatment for the South

How would you classify people known as How would you classify people known as carpetbaggers?carpetbaggers?

Northern-born Republicans who came Northern-born Republicans who came South after the warSouth after the war

What best describes the sharecropping What best describes the sharecropping system?system?

Sharecroppers provided landowners with Sharecroppers provided landowners with their labor in exchange for part of the crop.their labor in exchange for part of the crop.

Describe the purpose of the Freedmen’s Describe the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau?Bureau?

To provide relief for all poor people in the To provide relief for all poor people in the SouthSouth

How would you identify the action that How would you identify the action that signaled the end of Reconstruction?signaled the end of Reconstruction?

The passage of the Compromise of 1877The passage of the Compromise of 1877

What abolished slavery throughout the What abolished slavery throughout the United States?United States?

The adoption f the 13The adoption f the 13thth amendment amendment

What is the main idea of the Jim Crow What is the main idea of the Jim Crow Laws?Laws?

To segregate blacks and whitesTo segregate blacks and whites

What laws were the 14What laws were the 14thth amendment amendment designed to protect?designed to protect?

Civil Rights act of 1866Civil Rights act of 1866

What amendment protects the suffrage of What amendment protects the suffrage of African American men?African American men?

1515thth amendment amendment

What was the main effect of the What was the main effect of the Emancipation Proclamation?Emancipation Proclamation?

It made the Civil War a war against It made the Civil War a war against slavery, and the British did not slavery, and the British did not intervene on the side of the Confederacy.intervene on the side of the Confederacy.