US HISTORY 11CHAPTER 5 & 6

”CULTURE CLASH”

What “images” of cowboys do you have?

What “images” of Native Americans do you have?

How have tv and movies influenced those images? If so, how?

How close to reality do you think those images are? Why?

On your paper, answer the following:

“Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains”

Albert Bierstadt

What are some of the most important things that need to be done when starting a new job, moving to a new house or city, or starting a new school?

How would you handle a situation in which “your way” conflicted with “the way” that things have always been done?

Let’s discuss:

*video clip: A Walk in Two Worlds

*Why weren’t Native Americans left alone once they were forced onto reservations?

*Why didn’t the government educate Native American children on reservations rather than send them to boarding schools?

Let’s discuss:

Discuss how the Native Americans lived before the west was opened for settlement.

Discuss how the Native Americans reacted to western settlement.

Discuss how the settlers lived on the land. Discuss how these two different lifestyles led to a “Clash of

Cultures”. Discuss how industrialization (railroads, oil, steel) led to

settlement of the west and development of labor unions. Discuss how industrialization led to a “Clash of Cultures”

with “the old ways”.

In these two chapters, we will…

I. Native American life was fairly well developed:

A. small village settlements

B. grew crops and hunted

C. produced clothing and tools

D. abided by tribal law

Life on the Plains

E. gained social status by defeating rival tribes

**“counting coup”**

F. shared in harvest and tribal festivals

G. influence of buffalo and horses

H. very spiritual and respectful of differences and the land.

Life on the Plains (con’t)

II. White Settlers had a different lifestyle A. settlers believed in owning land and that

private property rights should be protected.

B. discovery of gold and silver led to the growth mining towns and camps.

C. both men and women worked in the camps and small businesses that developed around them.

Life on the Plains (con’t)

III. By 1850, the U.S. Government required Native Americans to live on

reservations.

IV. Native Americans continued to hunt and live on traditional lands and in

traditional ways.

Why?

The Clash begins

I. Massacre at Sand CreekA. settlersB. ArapahoeC. Cheyenne

II. The Bozeman TrailA. Sioux (Red Cloud and Crazy Horse)B. Treaty of Fort LaramieC. Sitting Bull

III. The Red River WarA. KiowaB. ComancheC. U.S. Army

IV. Battle of Little BighornA. CheyenneB. SiouxC. General George Custer

(Reading: “The Battle of the Little Bighorn”)

The Clash continues

V. 1887—The Dawes ActA. “assimilation”B. broke up reservations and gave

some land to Native Americans and sold the rest to settlers.

VI. The Battle of Wounded Knee

The Clash continues…and ends

I. HomesteadingA. The Homestead ActB. “homesteaders”C. “land rush” and “land races”

(“Oklahoma Sooners”)video clip: Far and Away

D. soddies (p. 216)and dugoutsE. women and homesteading

**Reading: “Letter from a Woman Homesteader”)

F. farming technology

Life for settlers…

II. Education A. The Morrill Act (1862)

B. The Hatch Act (1887)

III. Jobs other than farmingA. ranching

p. 208-211—read and summarize for HW.

Life for settlers

IV. Concerns of farmersA. falling pricesB. worthless paper moneyC. competition

Reading: “The Rise of Department Stores”

D. continued fear of attack (safety)

Life for settlers

V. Farmers uniteA. “The Patrons of Husbandry”

1. a.k.a. The Grange2. 1867—Oliver Hudson Kelly

B. The Farmers’ Alliance

C. The Colored Farmers’ Alliance

Life for settlers

VI. Politics on the PlainsA. The Populist Party

(Omaha, Nebraska in July, 1892)B. Suggested massive reforms to

government:1. increase money supply

2. graduated income tax3. federal loan programs4. popular vote for senators5. secret ballot6. single six-year term for President and VP

7. 8-hour workday in industry

Life for settlers

I. RailroadsA. railroads were private businessesB. the U.S. government supported railroads with loans to purchase land.C. by1890, the U.S. had 180,000 miles of railroad.

Settlement leads to Industrialization

I. RailroadsD. other industries profited from railroad

expansion1. iron, coal, steel, glass, small business

E. entire towns began to grow around railroads

1. “company towns”2. Pullman, Illinois (1880)

Settlement leads to Industrialization

Settlement leads to Industrialization

I. RailroadsF. railroads changed the lives of Americans

1. travel was made faster and easier2. railroads were “romanticized”

*Pullman sleeper cars*Reading: HO#3

3. time zones were seta. November, 1883b. C.F. Dowd

Settlement leads to Industrialization

Settlement leads to Industrialization

II. OilA. kerosene lamps (1840’s)B. discovery of oil

1. Edwin Drake, Pennsylvania, 1859

2. "oil boom" from Pennsylvania to

Texas.

Settlement leads to Industrialization

III. SteelA. coal deposits found in Appalachian

Mountains @1850B. carbon from coalC. Bessemer Steel Process

1. Henry Bessemer and William Kelly

2. widespread by 1890

Settlement leads to Industrialization

III. SteelA. new inventions and innovations

1. barbed wire2. farm equipment3. new structures

a. Brooklyn Bridgeb. skyscrapers

*Home Insurance Building, Chicago, Illinois

Settlement leads to Industrialization

I. Owner corruptionA. price fixingB. land grantsC. short haul vs. long haul

Problems with Industrialization

II. No regulation by governmentA. “laissez faire”B. growth of monopolies

1. Andrew Carnegie—steel2. J.P. Morgan—holding companies3. John D. Rockefeller—Standard Oil Company4. Cornelius Vanderbilt--railroads

Problems with Industrialization

Carnegie Library in Talladega, Alabama (1994)

Hendon HallCarnegie-Melon University

The Breakers on Long Island, New Yorksummer home of JD Rockefeller

Summer home of Cornelius Vanderbilt, Rhode Island

Biltmore EstateAshville, North Carolina

Winter home of C. Vanderbilt

III. LaborA. working conditions were horrible 1. no sick leave or unemployment 2. seven day workweeks 3. 18-20 hour work days 4. low wages

1900—subsistence wages were $698 per year; 77% of Americans did not make subsistence wages

Problems with Industrialization

VI. LaborA. working conditions were horrible 5. sweatshops (called “sweaters”) 6. child labor --children as young as five were

working full time jobs. --by 1910, 20% of America’s workforce

was between the ages of 5 and 15. --most work done by children was done at home and unsupervised.

Problems with Industrialization

VI. Labor B. living conditions were horrible

1. tenement housing2. juvenile delinquency3. child care

Problems with Industrialization

I. Labor UnionsA. National Labor Union (1866)B. Colored National Labor UnionC. craft (trade) unions vs. industrial unions

1. Samuel Gompers 2. the American Federation of Labor

(1886)3. Eugene V. Debs and “social unionism”

Response by management and government

II. GovernmentA. The Grange and The Populist PartyB. Munn v. Illinois (1877)C . Congress passed The Interstate Commerce

Act (1887)*created the Interstate Commerce

Commission (ICC)

Response by management and government