Post on 01-Jan-2016
Welcome to the Age of Imperialism
How does imperialism and the appeal for colonies reflect 19th century nationalism?
Journal
Describe the political concept of the late 1800’s, early 1900’s that is being depicted in this cartoon.
How was this action justified by “Social Darwinism?”
The Age of Imperialism
1875-1914Red-coated British soldiers stand at
attention around a royal pavilion during a ceremony in India. Britain’s Queen Victoria
took the title Empress on India in 1876.
The Age of Imperialism
• Imperialism =
a policy of conquering and ruling other lands
• 2. Britain was the most powerful nation in the world b/c of:– factories– British Navy– banks
• Germany and the US began to challenge British industrial power (late 1800’s)
• Solution - look to colonies for markets and resources.
B. Motives for Imperialism?
• colonies = power
• economic competition (resources and markets)
• racism
• share technology and progress
• spread Christianity with missionaries
Mass Appeal
– Joseph Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) – most popular writer in GB
– stories – adventure, feelings of superiority– saw imperialism as a mission to “civilize non-Europeans” and
urged his readers to
The Age of Imperialism
•In answering the call of imperialism, Europeans altered the way of life on every continent.
11
Domination and Resistance in Africa
Slide 12
Berlin Conference 1884-1885
14 countries meet in Berlin, carve up Africa
Slide 13
Europe’s Advantage
Transportation- steamships and railroad
Communications- telegraph, later the telephone
Medical – quinine for malaria
Slide 14
Europe’s Advantage
Superior military weaponry Bolt-action rifles - quick reload
maxim gun and gatlin gun (early machine gun)
steamships w/ machine guns and cannon traveled up the rivers
Slide 15
Africa’s DisadvantagesVariety of cultures and languagesLow level of technology available – most of the guns owned by Africans dated back to the slave trade (ended two generations before)
Slide 16
Africa’s Disadvantages
Ethnic strife and warfare limited attempts to work together
Slide 17
Successful Resistance - Ethiopia
only country to successfully resist the Europeans
Emperor Menelik II- played the Italians, French, and British against one another
Battle of Adowa (1896)- Ethiopians successfully defeated the Italians and maintained their independence
Slide 18
Successful Resistance1930s - Benito Mussolini would target Ethiopia before World War II – avenging Italy’s loss.
Ethiopians fought with the same guns that had defeated the Italians forty years before – and lost
Jungle Book: Lively stories filled with talking animals
• Rudyard Kipling wrote the famous children’s book, The Jungle Book, in 1893. It was written at the height of British imperialism around the globe. Kipling is known for his great pride in Britain and his support of British imperialism (remember, he wrote the “White Man’s Burden” poem.) However, he was a realist in his views. Many of his written works portray this in his characters. The Jungle Book is no exception. The story is set in the jungle of India. Although it is a children’s book, the characters symbolize much of what Kipling believed was right about the British colonization of India.
Assignment
• How do the characters in the movie, The Jungle Book, reflect the actions and intentions of British imperialism in India in the 1800s? – Pay attention to the messages given by each
character and how they each may symbolize elements of imperialism.
– Select THREE characters you feel most comfortable supporting and present your analysis in an essay. Be sure to provide specific examples from the film to support your analysis.
What do you see in the picture? (be specific) Who are the people? What are they doing? Where this scene might be taking place? Why might be taking place in this scene? How might the people in the scene be feeling?
Reached its height under Queen Victoria
Originally about economics PRIDE
Cecil Rhodes built the trans-Africa
railway nation of Rhodesia (now
Zimbabwe) was named
The cartoon is a play on the old Colossus of Rhodes, which was one of the “Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.”
“We [the British] happen to be the best in the world, with the highest ideals of dependency and justice and liberty and peace, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for humanity.”
“Our whole existence has been controlled by people with an alien attitude to life, people with different customs and beliefs. They have determined the form of government, the types of economic activity, and the schooling which our children have…A man who tries to control the life of another does not destroy the other any less because he does it, as he thinks, for the other’s benefit. It is the principle which is wrong, the principle of one man governing another without his consent.”
-Julius Nyerere of Tanzania
Colony Direct control
Completely ruled by imperial power No influence of local people / culture Goal: assimilation
Protectorate indirect control
overseen by imperial power locals play small roles in local government
Sphere of Influence indirect control
control of a specific need or resource (trading privileges)
only imperializes a specific area or region, not a total country
Ex. China
Economic Imperialism indirect control
control by private business interests NOT government can eventually lead to colonization Ex. Dole Fruit Company in Hawaii
…looks tasty to Europeans.
Russia interested in the Black Sea (access to Med. and Atlantic) Crimean War: 1853
Russia attacks Turks and lose
GB & France help the Turks
didn’t want Russia to get any bigger
Ottomans win, Russians lose
Oil discovered in Middle East
built Suez Cana with French engineers borrowed $ from
France who in turn borrowed $ from GB
1882: lose Suez Canal to GB; couldn’t pay off debts
What do you believe should be the government’s response to a natural disaster?
What is something you would absolutely never do? (School appropriate answers)
Famine in India 1876-78
India was the largest and most lucrative colony of the entire British Empire.
1600’s British East India Co. began trading in India; over time gained more economic and POLITICAL control
spurred on by resentment and nationalism against GB
May 10, 1857-Sepoys rebelled (joined by Indian soldiers) and took Delhi
took more than a year for East India Co to gain control
led to full colonization of most of India called the RAJ.
demand a greater role in governing creation of:
Indian National Congress-1855 Mix of all Indians
Muslim League-1906 Just Muslim Indians Goal: push for independence and protection of
Muslim rights
Strong tension continues to develop b/w Hindus and Muslims as
nationalism increases
Hindus outnumbered Muslim Indians 2:1
history of poor treatment of Hindus by Muslim Mughal Dynasty caused distrust b/w two groups
many Hindus favored GB over Mughal Dynasty
GB used religious division of Indians to their advantage
Term What the person / event idea is
Why the person / event / idea is IMPORTANT in
history
Imperialism
Social Darwinism
Berlin Conference
Cecil Rhodes
Sepoy Rebellion
Rudyard Kipling
Suez Canal
Before / after map quiz 3….