Post on 02-Mar-2022
ISO WD -:2016(E)
© ISO 2016 All rights reserved– 1
ISO WD -:2016-12-30
ISO TC 43/WG
Secretariat: DIN
Acoustics-Hearing aid fitting management-Part 2: Terminology
WD stage
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ISO/TC 43 N 1323
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ISO WD -:2016(E)
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Contents
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Foreword ·························································································································································· 4
Introduction ····················································································································································· 4
1 Scope ······························································································································································ 5
2 Normative references ································································································································· 5
3 Terms and definitions ································································································································ 6
3.1 Basic terms ·············································································································································· 6
3.1.1 The ear related structures ·············································································································· 6
3.1.2 The hearing related disorders ······································································································· 8
3.1.3 Psychoacoustics ······························································································································ 9
3.2 Terms related to hearing assessment ······························································································· 12
3.2.1 Behavioural assessment ············································································································ 12
3.2.2 Physiological assessment ············································································································ 13
3.3 Terms related to hearing aid fitting ··································································································· 15
3.3.1 Hearing aid fitting system ············································································································ 15
3.3.2 Heaing aid fitting services ··········································································································· 18
3.4 Terms related to hearing rehabilitation ··························································································· 21
3.4.1 Hearing rehabilitation ·················································································································· 21
Annex A (informative) Processes of the term construction of HAFM ·············································· 23
Bibliography ·················································································································································· 24
ISO WD -:2016(E)
© ISO 2016 All rights reserved– 5
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Introduction
Consistent terminology plays an important role to establish clarity by avoiding ambiguity of contexts
and improve stakeholder communications (3,4). It has been widely accepted that using of consistent
terms enhances effective communication, knowledge transfer, and training outcomes and reduces costs.
Several previous studies identified problems of inconsistent terminology uses as one of the major
barriers in many areas (4,5,6,7,8). For instance, the consequences of using inconsistent terms are
explained as follows: communication problems with professionals or clients, difficulties of assessment,
and inaccurate documentation (6). Recently, the influence of inconsistent terms on multilingual
translation has particularly paid attention to translation quality and efficacy (9,10,25).
The implementation of HAFM relies on effective practice and documentation among the relevant
stakeholders. The use of standardized and consistent terms helps reduce difficulties in comprehension
and interpretation of HAFM.
The motivation of proposing this terminology standard is that inconsistency issue of terminology in
HAFM as a field of audiology is recurring and prevalent with its non-normalized terms (8). The term
construction was based on Annex A by crosschecking term repeatability across various term data
including standards, audiology dictionaries and text books, and other relevant sources (1-3,11-32).
The purpose of this proposed standard is to provide relevant and comprehensive terms and definitions
for deeper understanding of HAFM, support practical implementations, and establish clarity of the
HAFM related tasks, including assessment, fitting, and follow-up. Achieving this standardization will
improve technical documentations, service managements, and educational outcomes while minimize
challenging issues in terminology. For instance, service providers clearly identify and manage the whole
process of HAFM and improve communications leading to better service quality, documentation,
product and service management, and customer satisfaction. In addition, using standardized terms of
HAFM can improve multilingual translation quality and efficacy worldwide. As a result, it can reduce
translation times and costs for recurring tasks. Research and education based on standardized terms
will also increase research and training outcomes
ISO WD -:2016(E)
6 © ISO 2016 All rights reserved–
Acoustics-Hearing aid fitting management-Part 2: Terminology
1 Scope
This proposed standard will provide terms related to hearing aid fitting management with their
definitions as a subsequent part of WD 21388-1. It is intended to cover comprehensive terms for
“General framework” of part 1 and “Guidelines”, which will be proposed in part 3, with the terms of
basics, hearing assessment, hearing aid fitting and hearing rehabilitation. It will also partly adopt or
modify terms and definitions originally developed elsewhere within the ISO, IEC, and other standards
with a cross-reference following each of the definitions.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative document referred to applies. Member of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO/TS 16976-7:2013 Respiratory protective devices - Human factors - Part 7: Hearing and speech
ISO 8253-1:2010 Acoustics - Audiometric test methods - Part 1: Pure-tone air and bone conduction
audiometry
ISO 8253-2:2009 Acoustics - Audiometric test methods - Part 2: Sound field audiometry with pure-tone
and narrow-band test signals
ISO 16832:2006 Acoustics - Loudness scaling by means of categories
ISO/IEC TR 18053:2000 Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange
between systems - Glossary of definitions and terminology for Computer Supported Telecommunications
Applications (CSTA) Phase III
ISO 17546:2016 Space systems - Lithium ion battery for space vehicles - Design and verification
requirements
ISO 6426-2:2002 Horological vocabulary - Part 2: Technical and commercial definitions
ISO/IEC 2382:2015 Information technology - Vocabulary
ISO 8253-3: 2012 Acoustics - Audiometric test methods - Part 3: Speech audiometry
IEC 60050-801:1994 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 801: Acoustics and
electroacoustics
IEC 60118-0:2015 Electroacoustics - Hearing aids-Part 0: Measurements of the performance
characteristics of hearing aids
ISO WD -:2016(E)
© ISO 2016 All rights reserved– 7
IEC 60118-7:2005 Electroacoustics - Hearing aids - Part 7: Measurement of the performance
characteristics of hearing aids for production, supply and delivery quality assurance purposes
IEC 60645-6:2009 Electroacoustics - Audiometric equipment - Part 6: Instruments for the measurement of
otoacoustic emissions
IEC 60645-7:2009 Electroacoustics - Audiometric equipment - Part 7: Instruments for the measurement of
auditory brainstem responses
IEC 61669:2015 Electroacoustics Measurement of real-ear acoustical performance characteristics of –
hearing aids
IEC TC 62489-1:2010 Electroacoustics - Audio-frequency induction loop systems for assisted hearing -
Part 1: Methods of measuring and specifying the performance of system components
EN 15927:2010 Services offered by hearing aid professionals. Belgium: European Standard
ANSI/ASA S1.1:2013 American National Standard: Acoustics Terminology
ANSI/ASA S3.20:2015 American National Standard: Bioacoustical Terminology
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. The
classifications and terms are based on Annex A.
3.1 Basic terms
3.1.1 The ear related structures
3.1.1.1
ear
anatomical structures responsible for hearing and balance consisting of three parts: external ear,
middle ear and the inner ear
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
3.1.1.2
external ear
anatomical structures combining the auricle and the external acoustic meatus which are typically
visible
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
3.1.1.3
middle ear
anatomical structures within air-filled tympanic cavity of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone,
typically consisting of the tympanic membrane, three ossicles, and Eustachian tube between the
tympanic cavity and the nasopharynx.
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
ISO WD -:2016(E)
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3.1.1.4
inner ear
anatomical structures located within the petrous part of the temporal bone, containing the cochlear and
vestibular systems as the labyrinth portion
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
3.1.1.5
auricle
The external part of the ear consting of skincovered, fibro-cartilaginous appendage that projects from
the side of the head around the opening of the external auditory meatus.
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
3.1.1.6
external acoustic meatus
canal conducting sound vibration from the auricle to the tympanic membrane
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
3.1.1.7
tympanic membrane
conical shaped elastic membrane having three layers that separates the external acoustic meatus from
the middle ear cavity.
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
3.1.1.8
ossicles
three small bones in the middle ear, consisting of the malleus, the incus and the stapes and transmitting
mechanical vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the cochlea.
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
3.1.1.9
middle ear muscle
the muscles of the middle ear, which respond to an intense acoustic stimulus with contractions typically
monitored as a change in tympanic membrane mobility during acoustic immittance testing
3.1.1.10
cochlea
fluid filled spiral cavity containing the receptor organs essential to hearing within the temporal bone
consisting of about two and three-eighths turns in humans.
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
3.1.1.11
cochlear nerve
anterior branch of cranial VIII nerve arising from the nerve cells of the spiral ganglion of the cochlea
and terminating in the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei in the brain stem, containing both afferent and
efferent nerve fibers
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
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© ISO 2016 All rights reserved– 9
3.1.1.12
auditory nerve
nerve, consisting of two sets of fibers: the anterior branch or cochlear nerve and the posterior branch or
vestibular nerve. Afferent fibers of the nerve conduct neural signals from the inner ear to the central
nervous system; efferent fibers transmit signals from the central nervous system to the inner ear.
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015]
3.1.2 The hearing related disorders
3.1.2.1
hearing loss
a reduction in hearing sensitivity typically described as mild, moderate, moderately severe, severe, or
profound based on individual thresholds averaged over a specified range of frequencies.
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
3.1.2.2
conductive hearing loss
a reduction in hearing sensitivity resulting from the interference of sound transmission through the
external and/or middle ear
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
3.1.2.3
sensorineural hearing loss
a reduction in hearing sensitivity resulting from the the interference of sound transmission through the
sensory and/or neural cells of the cochlear and their connections within the cochlear and adjacent parts
of the auditory nerve
3.1.2.4
mixed hearing loss
a reduction in hearing sensitivity resulting from the the interference of sound transmission through the
conductive and sensorineural components.
3.1.2.5
central hearing loss
a reduction in hearing sensitivity resulting from the damage in the central auditory pathways.
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
3.1.2.6
tympanic membrane perforation
a hole or laceration in the tympanic membrane
3.1.2.7
hyperacusis
an oversensitivity to sound
3.1.2.8
sudden hearing loss
a reduction in hearing sensitivity that occurs with an acute and rapid onset
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3.1.2.9
ototoxic hearing loss
a reduction in hearing sensitivity resulting from exposure to toxic substances affecting the hearing
mechanism, specifically, the cochlea and/or auditory nerve and vestibular function and resulting in
sensorineural hearing loss, dysequilibrium, or both.
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
3.1.2.10
noise-induced hearing loss
a reduction in hearing sensitivity associated with cumulative daily or regular exposures to hazardous
noise causing permanent loss of hearing sensitivity
3.1.2.11
deafness; deaf
condition caused by a hearing loss which results in a person’s inability to use auditory information
effectively for communication or other daily activities, even with amplification
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015]
3.1.2.12
presbycusis
a reduction of hearing sensitivity that results from physiological changes that occur with advanced age
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
3.1.2.13
tinnitus
sensation of sound including a whistling, ringing, buzzing, or cricket-type sound and excluding
auditory hallucinations of voices which is perceived by a person without any external auditory
stimulation [SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
3.1.2.14
cerumen
waxy substance secreted by the ceruminous glands in the ear canal and causing conductive hearing loss
by the impaction
3.1.3 Psychoacoustics
3.1.3.1
acoustics
1) science of sound, including its production, transmission, and effects, including biological and
psychological effects. 2) those qualities of a room that, together, determines its character with respect
to auditory effects
[SOURCE: ANSI S1.1:2013]
3.1.3.2
sound
energy that is transmitted by pressure waves in air or other media and is capable of producing the
sensation perceived by the hearing mechanism
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© ISO 2016 All rights reserved– 11
3.1.3.3
hearing
manner in which the brain and central nervous system recognizes and interprets sounds
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 16976-7:2013]
3.1.3.4
psychoacoustics
the study of the relationship between an acoustic stimulus and the behavioural response produced in
the subject
3.1.3.5
sound pressure
the pressure exerted by a sound wave
3.1.3.6
sound pressure level
20 times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the sound pressure to the reference sound pressure,
which is 20 µPa.
3.1.3.7
threshold of hearing; threshold of audibility; hearing threshold
level of a sound at which, under specified conditions, a person gives 50% of correct detection responses
on repeated trials
[SOURCE: ISO 8253-2:2009]
3.1.3.8
sensation level; level above threshold
for an individual listener and a specified sound, amount by which a sound pressure level exceeds the
threshold of hearing for that sound.
[SOURCE:IEC 60050-801]
3.1.3.9
difference limen
minimum change in a stimulus that can be correctly judged as different from a reference stimulus in a
specified fraction of trials
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.2:2015]
3.1.3.10
loudness
auditory sensation of the intensity of sound in terms of which sounds can be ordered on a scale
extending from soft to loud
[SOURCE: ISO 16832:2006] modified
3.1.3.11
pitch
auditory sensation of the frequency of sound in terms of which sounds may be ordered on a scale
extending from low to high.
[SOURCE:IEC 60050-801] modified
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12 © ISO 2016 All rights reserved–
3.1.3.12
timbre
auditory sensation which enables a listener to judge that two non-identical sounds having the same
loudness, pitch, spatial location, and duration, are dissimilar.
[SOURCE:IEC 60050-801]modified
3.1.3.13
recruitment
in certain cases of hearing impairment, for example of cochlear origin, an increase of loudness with
increasing stimulus magnitude at a rate greater than for a nomal ear
[SOURCE:IEC 60050-801]
3.1.3.14
sound lateralization
determination by a subject that the apparent direction of a sound is either left or right of the
frontal-medial plane of the head
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015]
3.1.3.15
sound localization
determination by a subject of the apparent direction and distance, direction alone, or distance alone, of
a sound source
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015]
3.1.3.16
phon
unit for measuring the loudness level of a tone; the number of phones is equal to the number of decibels
that a 1000-Hz tone is above the reference intensity when judged to be equal in loudness to the tone in
question
3.1.3.17
sone
unit of loudness, equal to the loudness of a pure tone presented frontally as a plane wave of frequency
1000 Hz and a sound pressure level of 40 dB, re 20 Pa.μ[SOURCE:IEC 60050-801]
3.1.3.18
mel
unit of pitch. A pure tone frontally presented, having a frequency of 1000 Hz and a sound pressure level
of 40 dB, causes a pitch of 1000 mels.
[SOURCE:IEC 60050-801]
3.1.3.19
masking
process by which the threshold of hearing of a sound is raised by the presence of another (masking)
sound
[SOURCE: ISO 8253-1:2010]
3.1.3.20
masked threshold
threshold of hearing for a specified sound in the presence of another (masking) sound.
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© ISO 2016 All rights reserved– 13
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-801] modified
3.2 Terms related to hearing assessment
3.2.1 Behavioural assessment
3.2.1.1
behavioral assessment
tests that involve some form of participation or response from the subject to indicate that an auditory
stimulus such as pure tone and speech was heard and understood.
3.2.1.2
sound field test
tests in which calibrated auditory signals are presented through loudspeakers into a sound-isolated
room rather than through headphones to test hearing or evaluate hearing performance
3.2.1.3
audiometry
assessment of peripheral or central auditory function
3.2.1.4
audiogram
a graph expressing hearing loss (hearing sensitivity) as a function of frequency
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015]
3.2.1.5
audiometer
instrument for the measurement of certain characteristics of hearing, particularly the hearing threshold
level
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-801]
3.2.1.6
audiometric test room
sound treated test enclosure designed to perform hearing tests
3.2.1.7
pure tone audiometry
assessment of hearing sensitivity, specifically hearing level for pure tones, as a function of frequency by
using an audiometer
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015]modified
3.2.1.8
speech audiometry
assessment of hearing for speech, specifically speech perception ability including awareness, detection,
and recognition with speech test materials
3.2.1.9
cross hearing
the perception of sound in an ear that is transmitted by either air conduction or bone conduction across
or through the head from the contralateral ear under test
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3.2.1.10
air conduction
transmission of sound through the external and middle ear to the inner ear
[SOURCE: ISO 8253-2:2009]
3.2.1.11
bone conduction
transmission of sound to the inner ear primarily by means of mechanical vibration of the cranial bones.
[SOURCE: ISO 8253-1:2010]
3.2.1.12
air-bone gap
for the ear of an individual at a specified frequency, the difference between the hearing threshold levels
for air conduction and bone conduction. Unit, decibel(dB).
[SOURCE: ANSI S1.1:2013]
3.2.1.13
air conduction threshold
absolute hearing threshold perceived from an air conducted pure tone signal
3.2.1.14
bone conduction threshold
absolute hearing threshold perceived from a bone conducted pure tone signal
3.2.1.15
speech recognition threshold (level)
for a given ear and a specified speech signal and method of presentation, the lowest hearing level at
which the speech signal is recognized 50% of the time
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015]
3.2.1.16
word recognition
an ability to perceive and correctly identify a set of words usually presented at suprathreshold
intensities
3.2.1.17
sentence recognition
an ability to perceive and correctly identify a set of sentences usually presented at suprathreshold
intensities
3.2.2 Physiological assessment
3.2.2.1
physiological assessment
tests to measure functional integrity of auditory system
ISO WD -:2016(E)
© ISO 2016 All rights reserved– 15
3.2.2.2
immittance (test)
a generic term for the flow of energy through the middle ear, including impedance and admittance,
usually indicating battery of tests used to assess middle ear function, including tympanometry, static
admittance, and acoustic reflex thresholds and decay
3.2.2.3
otoacoustic emission
general term covering a sound generated by the outer hair cells of the cochlea which can be recorded in
the external acoustic meatus including distortion product evoked otoacoustic emission, and transient
evoked otoacoustic emission
[SOURCE: IEC 60645-6:2009] modified
3.2.2.4
auditory evoked potentials
electrical activity evoked by acoustic or vibratory stimulation arising from auditory portions of the
peripheral or central nervous system recorded with electrodes
3.2.2.5
tympanometry
measurement of change of aural impedance/admittance as a function of air pressure in the external
acoustic meatus
[SOURCE: IEC 60645-5:2004]
3.2.2.6
acoustic reflex test
a test measuring middle-ear muscle responses elicited to intense acoustic stimulus, usually including
ipsilateral and contralateral reflex thresholds
3.2.2.7
distortion product otoacoustic emission
otoacoustic emission recorded in the external ear canal that represents the cubic distortion product
(2f1-f2) following simultaneous presentation of combinations of two pure tones (f1 and f2)
3.2.2.8
transient evoked otoacoustic emission
otoacoustic emission measured in the external auditory meatus in response to a transient evoking
stimulus
3.2.2.9
auditory brainstem response
electrical potentials produced in response to acoustic or vibratory force stimulus in the auditory nerve
and brainstem by placing electrodes on the scalp
[SOURCE: IEC 60645-7:2009]modified
3.2.2.10
auditory steady-state response
an auditory evoked potential in which the response waveform has a repetition frequency the same as
the rate of stimulation
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3.3 Terms related to hearing aid fitting
3.3.1 Hearing aid fitting system
3.3.1.1
hearing aid
wearable instrument intended to aid a person with impaired hearing delivering acoustic signals to user.
Note 1, A HA usually consists of a microphone, amplifier, signal processor, and earphone powered by a
low-voltage battery and possibly also containing an induction pick-up coil. It is fitted using audiometric
and prescriptive methods
[SOURCE: IEC 60118-0]
3.3.1.2
analog hearing aid
a hearing aid with conventional circuitry that processes the signal in a continuous fashion in the time
domain
3.3.1.3
digital hearing aid
a hearing aid utilizing digital technology to process the signal
3.3.1.4
linear signal processing hearing aid
a hearing aid that produced equivalent gain for all input levels up to the maximum output of the device,
at which point the signal saturates
3.3.1.5
non-linear signal processing hearing aid
a hearing aid in which output sound pressure is not proportional to the input sound pressure at all
input levels; a hearing aid that uses some form of compression
3.3.1.6
programmable hearing aid
a hearing aid with analog circuitry that is controlled digitally; capable of being programmed to
compensate for different hearing losses or different listening conditions
3.3.1.7
custom hearing aid
hearing aids such as in the ear, in the canal, and completely in the canal that are made for specific
individuals from an ear impression
3.3.1.8
mircrophone
an auditory apparatus that converts speech into an electronic signal
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TR 18053:2000]
3.3.1.9
amplifier
ISO WD -:2016(E)
© ISO 2016 All rights reserved– 17
an electronic device for increasing the magnitude of an electrical signal
3.3.1.10
receiver
a transducer that converts an electrical signal to and acoustical signal; a device that demodulates an
input electromagnetic wireless signal to create a wired output voltage
3.3.1.11
vent
release of excessive internal pressure from a cell or battery in a manner intended by design to preclude
rupture or disassembly; an acoustic path from the ear canal to the air outside the ear
[SOURCE: ISO 17546:2016]
3.3.1.12
battery
source of electrical energy obtained by the direct conversion of chemical energy
[SOURCE: ISO 6426-2:2002]
3.3.1.13
earmold
device used to couple an electroacoustic transducer to the ear canal
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified
3.3.1.14
custom earmold
earmold that is made from an ear impression to fit the individual ear specifically
3.3.1.15
acoustic feedback
a whistling sound produced by a hearing aid; the return of some of the energy of the output signal from
the hearing aid receiver to the input transducer
3.3.1.16
occlusion effect
1) a condition cused by ear canal of the hearing aid user being ocluded by a mold or a shell and their
own voice sounds hollow, boomy, like they are speaking in a drum or tunnel, or that it echoes with low
frequency hearing 2) lowering of the hearing threshold level of a given ear, stimulated by bone
conduction, when an earphone or earplug is placed over or in the entrance to the ear canal, thereby
forming an enclosed air volume in the external ear. The effect is greatest at low frequencies
[SOURCE: ISO 8253-1:2010] modified
3.3.1.17
gain-frequency response
a plot of gain of amplifications as a function of frequency
3.3.1.18
OSPL90-frequency response
a plot of output sound pressure level obtained in an ear simulator when using an input of 90dB SPL and
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the gain control in the full-on position as a function of frequency
3.3.1.19
input-output diagram
a plot of ouput as a function of input displaying the level of output produced based on the input level of
a signal; used to display input/output information for hearing aids
3.3.1.20
equivalent input noise
the level of noise that would be needed to be applied to the input of a device such that the noise in the
output would be equal to the actual noise at the output of the device that is caused by internally
generated random noise
3.3.1.21
real ear aided gain
the difference in decibels between the SPL in the ear canal when aided and the SPL in the undisturbed
acoustic sound field
3.3.1.22
automatic gain control
means (other than peak clipping) by which the gain is automatically controlled as a function of the level
of the signal being amplified
[SOURCE: IEC 60118-7:2015]
3.3.1.23
hearing aid test box
a device used to measure the electroacoustic characteristics of a hearing aid
3.3.1.24
acoustical coupler
cavity of specified shape and volume used for the calibration of earphones or microphones in
conjunction with a calibrated microphone adapted to measure the sound pressure developed in the
cavity
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015]
3.3.1.25
ear simulator
device for measuring the acoustic output of sound sources where the sound pressure is measured by a
calibrated microphone coupled to the source so that the overall acoustic impedance of the device
approximates that of the normal human ear at a give location and in a given frequency band
[SOURCE: ISO 8253-1:2010]
3.3.1.26
sound level meter, SLM
instrument for the measurement of sound level with a standard frequency weighting and a standard
exponential time weighting.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-801]
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3.3.1.27
otoscopy
visual examination of the external ear, the ear canal, and the tympanic membrane; provides
observations that will often confirm audiological findings and may lead to a medical referral
3.3.1.28
assistive listening device, ALD
system consisting of a microphone, a portable amplifier and headphones, earphone or a neck loop
[SOURCE: IEC TC 62489-1;2010]
3.3.1.29
telecoil
a series of interconnected wire loops in a hearing aid that respond electrically to a magnetic signal to
enhance telephone use
3.3.1.30
FM system
an assistive listening device that conveys sound from a sound source to a listener by means of a carrier
wave with a sinusoidally varying frequency; designed to enhance signal to noise ratios
3.3.1.31
induction loop
loop of wire in part or all of a room designated as an assistive listening area; sound is transmitted by
electromagnetic (inductive) energy , along with an amplifier and a microphone for the primary speaker
3.3.1.32
calibration
electronic or psychoacoustic determination that en electrical device or an acoustic transducer functions
according to defined characteristics
3.3.2 Hearing aid fitting services
3.3.2.1
hearing aid professional
audiologically competent person who professionally assesses hearing, selects, fits and delivers hearing
systems and rehabilitation services to persons with hearing loss
[SOURCE: EN 15927:2010]
3.3.2.2
audiologist
a hearing health care professional who identifies, assesses, and manages hearing and/or balance
disorders and to provide related services including hearing aid fitting
3.3.2.3
hearing aid dispenser
an individual qualified to sell amplification devices such as hearing aids and assistive listening devices
and provide hearing aid fitting services
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3.3.2.4
audiometrist
an audiology technician, who may conduct basic hearing tests and assist with hearing aid fittings and
repairs
3.3.2.5
client
person with a hearing impairment being serviced by a hearing aid professional
[SOURCE: EN 15927:2010]
3.3.2.6
hearing profile
comprehensive account for a client’s auditory problems, social situation, activity limitations, needs and
expectations
[SOURCE: EN 15927]
3.3.2.7
hearing impaired
person with hearing impairment having complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both
ears
Note The level of impairment can be mild, moderate, severe or profound.
[SOURCE: EN 15927]
3.3.2.8
hearing aid fitting management
systematic process for HA fitting with its prior and posterior stages to help the hearing impaired
recognize and interpret sounds better with hearing aids by optimizing audibility and comfort
3.3.2.9
assessment
process to serve as a pre-fitting stage that consists of preparatory components including counselling,
hearing evaluation, hearing aid selection, and taking of ear impression if necessary.
3.3.2.10
hearing aid fitting
process to improve hearing ability through hearing aids by adjustment, verification, and orientation
3.3.2.11
follow-up
process to serve as a post-fitting stage that consists of subsequent components including outcome
measures, and comprehensive report with or without auditory training.
3.3.2.12
client profile/counseling
process to identify individual needs, concerns, emotional factors, and abilities related to hearing loss
and establishes realistic expectations.
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3.3.2.13
hearing evaluation
process to conduct various relevant tests to identify information about hearing loss and select
appropriate hearing aids
3.3.2.14
hearing aid trial
process of experiencing amplification by wearing loaner hearing aids to establish realistic expectations
before making a decision to acquire hearing aids
3.3.2.15
hearing aid selection
decision- making processes associated with multiple features of hearing aids by considering device
features, and anatomic characteristics and cosmetic factors of potential hearing aid users to determine
earmold, style, vent, and other physical and acoustical properties of hearing aids.
3.3.2.16
ear impression
a cast of the concha used to make an ear mold or hearing aid shell
3.3.2.17
hearing aid ajustment
alteration of the physical or electro-acoustic aspects of hearing aids.
3.3.2.18
verification of hearing aid adjustment
process evaluating physical, electro-acoustic, and psycho-acoustic aspects of hearing aids by presenting
signals to hearing aids in the test box or a real-ear, and measuring hearing aid output or evaluating
subjective responses using questionnaires
3.3.2.19
real ear measurement
measurement of amplified sound in an ear canal through the use of a probe microphone
3.3.2.20
fine-tuning
adjustment of the hearing system to best match the needs and preferences of the hearing impaired
[SOURCE: EN 15927]
3.3.2.21
orientation
process providing the information relevant to operational techniques, maintenance strategies including
trouble shootings, realistic performance expectations, and other resources needed for hearing aid users
3.3.2.22
outcome measurement
process measuring the consequences of wearing hearing aids
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3.3.2.23
comprehensive report
process documenting and filing substantial information occurred during the whole hearing aid fitting
management process for informative reports and future references
3.4 Terms related to hearing rehabilitation
3.4.1 hearing rehabilitation
3.4.1.1
hearing rehabilitation
systematic process for improving hearing abilities and communication skills through education,
training and instruction after hearing system fitting
[SOURCE: EN 15927]
3.4.1.2
auditory training
process to aid the capability of hearing perception by focusing on various rehabilitative aspects
including auditory perception, communication strategies, and individual needs
3.4.1.3
auditory verbal therapy
a training method for the hearing impaired focusing on listening and speaking
3.4.1.4
total communication
a communication philosophy that suggests that all forms of communication are available for both
receptive and expressive communication
3.4.1.5
speech communicationconveying or exchanging information from one person to another using speech
3.4.1.6
lip reading; speech reading
deriving meaning from a person’s speech by observing the speaker’s lips, gestures, and facial
expressions
3.4.1.7
speech perception
psychological process that relates a sensation caused by a spoken message to a listener’s knowledge of
speech and language
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015]
3.4.1.8
speech comprehension
1) highest level of speech perception, 2) knowledge or understanding of a verbal statement
[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015]
3.4.1.9
speech recognition
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perception and analysis of the information carried by human voice[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382:2015] modified
3.4.1.10
speech discrimination
ability to perceive the difference between speech stimuli
3.4.1.11
speech detection
ability to detect the presence of speech stimuli
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Annex A (informative) Processes of the term construction of HAFM
Review term data (a total of 11162 terms)
Additional essential terms
28 terms based on the need of HAFM
Standards:
ISO TC 43 (200 standards;2015), IEC TC 29
(51 standards; 2015), IEC 60050-801,
EN15927, & ANSI (1-3)
Audiology dictionaries & textbooks: (11-26)
Others:(27-32)
Repeated terms
1) Select 48 HAFM relevant terms out of
198 repeated terms occurred at least
seven times across the term data
2) Select 9 HAFM relevant terms out of
118 repeated terms occurred only
six times across the term data
3) Select 16 HAFM relevant terms out of
200 repeated terms occurred only
five times across the term data
4) Select 13 HAFM relevant terms out of
339 repeated terms occurred only
four times across the term data
5) Select 10 HAFM relevant terms out of
795 repeated terms occurred only
three times across the term data
6) Select 15 HAFM relevant terms out of
2756 repeated terms occurred only
two times across the term data
7) Establish 111 HAFM relevent terms
out of 4406 repeated terms
Terminology of HAFM
A total of 139 main terms for HAFM by
combining 111 repeated terms and 28
essential terms
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