WD Terminology 2016-12-30

ISO WD -:2016(E)

© ISO 2016 All rights reserved– 1

ISO WD -:2016-12-30

ISO TC 43/WG

Secretariat: DIN

Acoustics-Hearing aid fitting management-Part 2: Terminology

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ISO WD -:2016(E)

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ISO WD -:2016(E)


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ISO WD -:2016(E)


Contents

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Foreword ·························································································································································· 4

Introduction ····················································································································································· 4

1 Scope ······························································································································································ 5

2 Normative references ································································································································· 5

3 Terms and definitions ································································································································ 6

3.1 Basic terms ·············································································································································· 6

3.1.1 The ear related structures ·············································································································· 6

3.1.2 The hearing related disorders ······································································································· 8

3.1.3 Psychoacoustics ······························································································································ 9

3.2 Terms related to hearing assessment ······························································································· 12

3.2.1 Behavioural assessment ············································································································ 12

3.2.2 Physiological assessment ············································································································ 13

3.3 Terms related to hearing aid fitting ··································································································· 15

3.3.1 Hearing aid fitting system ············································································································ 15

3.3.2 Heaing aid fitting services ··········································································································· 18

3.4 Terms related to hearing rehabilitation ··························································································· 21

3.4.1 Hearing rehabilitation ·················································································································· 21

Annex A (informative) Processes of the term construction of HAFM ·············································· 23

Bibliography ·················································································································································· 24

ISO WD -:2016(E)


Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national

standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally

carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a

technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.

International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in

the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all

matters of electrotechnical standardization.

Introduction

Consistent terminology plays an important role to establish clarity by avoiding ambiguity of contexts

and improve stakeholder communications (3,4). It has been widely accepted that using of consistent

terms enhances effective communication, knowledge transfer, and training outcomes and reduces costs.

Several previous studies identified problems of inconsistent terminology uses as one of the major

barriers in many areas (4,5,6,7,8). For instance, the consequences of using inconsistent terms are

explained as follows: communication problems with professionals or clients, difficulties of assessment,

and inaccurate documentation (6). Recently, the influence of inconsistent terms on multilingual

translation has particularly paid attention to translation quality and efficacy (9,10,25).

The implementation of HAFM relies on effective practice and documentation among the relevant

stakeholders. The use of standardized and consistent terms helps reduce difficulties in comprehension

and interpretation of HAFM.

The motivation of proposing this terminology standard is that inconsistency issue of terminology in

HAFM as a field of audiology is recurring and prevalent with its non-normalized terms (8). The term

construction was based on Annex A by crosschecking term repeatability across various term data

including standards, audiology dictionaries and text books, and other relevant sources (1-3,11-32).

The purpose of this proposed standard is to provide relevant and comprehensive terms and definitions

for deeper understanding of HAFM, support practical implementations, and establish clarity of the

HAFM related tasks, including assessment, fitting, and follow-up. Achieving this standardization will

improve technical documentations, service managements, and educational outcomes while minimize

challenging issues in terminology. For instance, service providers clearly identify and manage the whole

process of HAFM and improve communications leading to better service quality, documentation,

product and service management, and customer satisfaction. In addition, using standardized terms of

HAFM can improve multilingual translation quality and efficacy worldwide. As a result, it can reduce

translation times and costs for recurring tasks. Research and education based on standardized terms

will also increase research and training outcomes

ISO WD -:2016(E)


Acoustics-Hearing aid fitting management-Part 2: Terminology

1 Scope

This proposed standard will provide terms related to hearing aid fitting management with their

definitions as a subsequent part of WD 21388-1. It is intended to cover comprehensive terms for

“General framework” of part 1 and “Guidelines”, which will be proposed in part 3, with the terms of

basics, hearing assessment, hearing aid fitting and hearing rehabilitation. It will also partly adopt or

modify terms and definitions originally developed elsewhere within the ISO, IEC, and other standards

with a cross-reference following each of the definitions.

2 Normative references

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative document referred to applies. Member of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.

ISO/TS 16976-7:2013 Respiratory protective devices - Human factors - Part 7: Hearing and speech

ISO 8253-1:2010 Acoustics - Audiometric test methods - Part 1: Pure-tone air and bone conduction

audiometry

ISO 8253-2:2009 Acoustics - Audiometric test methods - Part 2: Sound field audiometry with pure-tone

and narrow-band test signals

ISO 16832:2006 Acoustics - Loudness scaling by means of categories

ISO/IEC TR 18053:2000 Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange

between systems - Glossary of definitions and terminology for Computer Supported Telecommunications

Applications (CSTA) Phase III

ISO 17546:2016 Space systems - Lithium ion battery for space vehicles - Design and verification

requirements

ISO 6426-2:2002 Horological vocabulary - Part 2: Technical and commercial definitions

ISO/IEC 2382:2015 Information technology - Vocabulary

ISO 8253-3: 2012 Acoustics - Audiometric test methods - Part 3: Speech audiometry

IEC 60050-801:1994 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 801: Acoustics and

electroacoustics

IEC 60118-0:2015 Electroacoustics - Hearing aids-Part 0: Measurements of the performance

characteristics of hearing aids

ISO WD -:2016(E)


IEC 60118-7:2005 Electroacoustics - Hearing aids - Part 7: Measurement of the performance

characteristics of hearing aids for production, supply and delivery quality assurance purposes

IEC 60645-6:2009 Electroacoustics - Audiometric equipment - Part 6: Instruments for the measurement of

otoacoustic emissions

IEC 60645-7:2009 Electroacoustics - Audiometric equipment - Part 7: Instruments for the measurement of

auditory brainstem responses

IEC 61669:2015 Electroacoustics Measurement of real-ear acoustical performance characteristics of –

hearing aids

IEC TC 62489-1:2010 Electroacoustics - Audio-frequency induction loop systems for assisted hearing -

Part 1: Methods of measuring and specifying the performance of system components

EN 15927:2010 Services offered by hearing aid professionals. Belgium: European Standard

ANSI/ASA S1.1:2013 American National Standard: Acoustics Terminology

ANSI/ASA S3.20:2015 American National Standard: Bioacoustical Terminology

3 Terms and definitions

For the purpose of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. The

classifications and terms are based on Annex A.

3.1 Basic terms

3.1.1 The ear related structures

3.1.1.1

ear

anatomical structures responsible for hearing and balance consisting of three parts: external ear,

middle ear and the inner ear

[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified

3.1.1.2

external ear

anatomical structures combining the auricle and the external acoustic meatus which are typically

visible


3.1.1.3

middle ear

anatomical structures within air-filled tympanic cavity of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone,

typically consisting of the tympanic membrane, three ossicles, and Eustachian tube between the

tympanic cavity and the nasopharynx.


ISO WD -:2016(E)


3.1.1.4

inner ear

anatomical structures located within the petrous part of the temporal bone, containing the cochlear and

vestibular systems as the labyrinth portion


3.1.1.5

auricle

The external part of the ear consting of skincovered, fibro-cartilaginous appendage that projects from

the side of the head around the opening of the external auditory meatus.


3.1.1.6

external acoustic meatus

canal conducting sound vibration from the auricle to the tympanic membrane


3.1.1.7

tympanic membrane

conical shaped elastic membrane having three layers that separates the external acoustic meatus from

the middle ear cavity.


3.1.1.8

ossicles

three small bones in the middle ear, consisting of the malleus, the incus and the stapes and transmitting

mechanical vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the cochlea.


3.1.1.9

middle ear muscle

the muscles of the middle ear, which respond to an intense acoustic stimulus with contractions typically

monitored as a change in tympanic membrane mobility during acoustic immittance testing

3.1.1.10

cochlea

fluid filled spiral cavity containing the receptor organs essential to hearing within the temporal bone

consisting of about two and three-eighths turns in humans.


3.1.1.11

cochlear nerve

anterior branch of cranial VIII nerve arising from the nerve cells of the spiral ganglion of the cochlea

and terminating in the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei in the brain stem, containing both afferent and

efferent nerve fibers


ISO WD -:2016(E)


3.1.1.12

auditory nerve

nerve, consisting of two sets of fibers: the anterior branch or cochlear nerve and the posterior branch or

vestibular nerve. Afferent fibers of the nerve conduct neural signals from the inner ear to the central

nervous system; efferent fibers transmit signals from the central nervous system to the inner ear.

[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015]

3.1.2 The hearing related disorders

3.1.2.1

hearing loss

a reduction in hearing sensitivity typically described as mild, moderate, moderately severe, severe, or

profound based on individual thresholds averaged over a specified range of frequencies.


3.1.2.2

conductive hearing loss

a reduction in hearing sensitivity resulting from the interference of sound transmission through the

external and/or middle ear


3.1.2.3

sensorineural hearing loss

a reduction in hearing sensitivity resulting from the the interference of sound transmission through the

sensory and/or neural cells of the cochlear and their connections within the cochlear and adjacent parts

of the auditory nerve

3.1.2.4

mixed hearing loss

a reduction in hearing sensitivity resulting from the the interference of sound transmission through the

conductive and sensorineural components.

3.1.2.5

central hearing loss

a reduction in hearing sensitivity resulting from the damage in the central auditory pathways.


3.1.2.6

tympanic membrane perforation

a hole or laceration in the tympanic membrane

3.1.2.7

hyperacusis

an oversensitivity to sound

3.1.2.8

sudden hearing loss

a reduction in hearing sensitivity that occurs with an acute and rapid onset

ISO WD -:2016(E)


3.1.2.9

ototoxic hearing loss

a reduction in hearing sensitivity resulting from exposure to toxic substances affecting the hearing

mechanism, specifically, the cochlea and/or auditory nerve and vestibular function and resulting in

sensorineural hearing loss, dysequilibrium, or both.


3.1.2.10

noise-induced hearing loss

a reduction in hearing sensitivity associated with cumulative daily or regular exposures to hazardous

noise causing permanent loss of hearing sensitivity

3.1.2.11

deafness; deaf

condition caused by a hearing loss which results in a person’s inability to use auditory information

effectively for communication or other daily activities, even with amplification


3.1.2.12

presbycusis

a reduction of hearing sensitivity that results from physiological changes that occur with advanced age


3.1.2.13

tinnitus

sensation of sound including a whistling, ringing, buzzing, or cricket-type sound and excluding

auditory hallucinations of voices which is perceived by a person without any external auditory

stimulation [SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015] modified

3.1.2.14

cerumen

waxy substance secreted by the ceruminous glands in the ear canal and causing conductive hearing loss

by the impaction

3.1.3 Psychoacoustics

3.1.3.1

acoustics

1) science of sound, including its production, transmission, and effects, including biological and

psychological effects. 2) those qualities of a room that, together, determines its character with respect

to auditory effects


3.1.3.2

sound

energy that is transmitted by pressure waves in air or other media and is capable of producing the

sensation perceived by the hearing mechanism

ISO WD -:2016(E)


3.1.3.3

hearing

manner in which the brain and central nervous system recognizes and interprets sounds

[SOURCE: ISO/TS 16976-7:2013]

3.1.3.4

psychoacoustics

the study of the relationship between an acoustic stimulus and the behavioural response produced in

the subject

3.1.3.5

sound pressure

the pressure exerted by a sound wave

3.1.3.6

sound pressure level

20 times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the sound pressure to the reference sound pressure,

which is 20 µPa.

3.1.3.7

threshold of hearing; threshold of audibility; hearing threshold

level of a sound at which, under specified conditions, a person gives 50% of correct detection responses

on repeated trials

[SOURCE: ISO 8253-2:2009]

3.1.3.8

sensation level; level above threshold

for an individual listener and a specified sound, amount by which a sound pressure level exceeds the

threshold of hearing for that sound.

[SOURCE:IEC 60050-801]

3.1.3.9

difference limen

minimum change in a stimulus that can be correctly judged as different from a reference stimulus in a

specified fraction of trials


3.1.3.10

loudness

auditory sensation of the intensity of sound in terms of which sounds can be ordered on a scale

extending from soft to loud

[SOURCE: ISO 16832:2006] modified

3.1.3.11

pitch

auditory sensation of the frequency of sound in terms of which sounds may be ordered on a scale

extending from low to high.

[SOURCE:IEC 60050-801] modified

ISO WD -:2016(E)


3.1.3.12

timbre

auditory sensation which enables a listener to judge that two non-identical sounds having the same

loudness, pitch, spatial location, and duration, are dissimilar.

[SOURCE:IEC 60050-801]modified

3.1.3.13

recruitment

in certain cases of hearing impairment, for example of cochlear origin, an increase of loudness with

increasing stimulus magnitude at a rate greater than for a nomal ear


3.1.3.14

sound lateralization

determination by a subject that the apparent direction of a sound is either left or right of the

frontal-medial plane of the head


3.1.3.15

sound localization

determination by a subject of the apparent direction and distance, direction alone, or distance alone, of

a sound source


3.1.3.16

phon

unit for measuring the loudness level of a tone; the number of phones is equal to the number of decibels

that a 1000-Hz tone is above the reference intensity when judged to be equal in loudness to the tone in

question

3.1.3.17

sone

unit of loudness, equal to the loudness of a pure tone presented frontally as a plane wave of frequency

1000 Hz and a sound pressure level of 40 dB, re 20 Pa.μ[SOURCE:IEC 60050-801]

3.1.3.18

mel

unit of pitch. A pure tone frontally presented, having a frequency of 1000 Hz and a sound pressure level

of 40 dB, causes a pitch of 1000 mels.


3.1.3.19

masking

process by which the threshold of hearing of a sound is raised by the presence of another (masking)

sound

[SOURCE: ISO 8253-1:2010]

3.1.3.20

masked threshold

threshold of hearing for a specified sound in the presence of another (masking) sound.

ISO WD -:2016(E)


[SOURCE: IEC 60050-801] modified

3.2 Terms related to hearing assessment

3.2.1 Behavioural assessment

3.2.1.1

behavioral assessment

tests that involve some form of participation or response from the subject to indicate that an auditory

stimulus such as pure tone and speech was heard and understood.

3.2.1.2

sound field test

tests in which calibrated auditory signals are presented through loudspeakers into a sound-isolated

room rather than through headphones to test hearing or evaluate hearing performance

3.2.1.3

audiometry

assessment of peripheral or central auditory function

3.2.1.4

audiogram

a graph expressing hearing loss (hearing sensitivity) as a function of frequency


3.2.1.5

audiometer

instrument for the measurement of certain characteristics of hearing, particularly the hearing threshold

level

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-801]

3.2.1.6

audiometric test room

sound treated test enclosure designed to perform hearing tests

3.2.1.7

pure tone audiometry

assessment of hearing sensitivity, specifically hearing level for pure tones, as a function of frequency by

using an audiometer

[SOURCE: ANSI S3.20:2015]modified

3.2.1.8

speech audiometry

assessment of hearing for speech, specifically speech perception ability including awareness, detection,

and recognition with speech test materials

3.2.1.9

cross hearing

the perception of sound in an ear that is transmitted by either air conduction or bone conduction across

or through the head from the contralateral ear under test

ISO WD -:2016(E)


3.2.1.10

air conduction

transmission of sound through the external and middle ear to the inner ear

[SOURCE: ISO 8253-2:2009]

3.2.1.11

bone conduction

transmission of sound to the inner ear primarily by means of mechanical vibration of the cranial bones.

[SOURCE: ISO 8253-1:2010]

3.2.1.12

air-bone gap

for the ear of an individual at a specified frequency, the difference between the hearing threshold levels

for air conduction and bone conduction. Unit, decibel(dB).


3.2.1.13

air conduction threshold

absolute hearing threshold perceived from an air conducted pure tone signal

3.2.1.14

bone conduction threshold

absolute hearing threshold perceived from a bone conducted pure tone signal

3.2.1.15

speech recognition threshold (level)

for a given ear and a specified speech signal and method of presentation, the lowest hearing level at

which the speech signal is recognized 50% of the time


3.2.1.16

word recognition

an ability to perceive and correctly identify a set of words usually presented at suprathreshold

intensities

3.2.1.17

sentence recognition

an ability to perceive and correctly identify a set of sentences usually presented at suprathreshold

intensities

3.2.2 Physiological assessment

3.2.2.1

physiological assessment

tests to measure functional integrity of auditory system

ISO WD -:2016(E)


3.2.2.2

immittance (test)

a generic term for the flow of energy through the middle ear, including impedance and admittance,

usually indicating battery of tests used to assess middle ear function, including tympanometry, static

admittance, and acoustic reflex thresholds and decay

3.2.2.3

otoacoustic emission

general term covering a sound generated by the outer hair cells of the cochlea which can be recorded in

the external acoustic meatus including distortion product evoked otoacoustic emission, and transient

evoked otoacoustic emission

[SOURCE: IEC 60645-6:2009] modified

3.2.2.4

auditory evoked potentials

electrical activity evoked by acoustic or vibratory stimulation arising from auditory portions of the

peripheral or central nervous system recorded with electrodes

3.2.2.5

tympanometry

measurement of change of aural impedance/admittance as a function of air pressure in the external

acoustic meatus

[SOURCE: IEC 60645-5:2004]

3.2.2.6

acoustic reflex test

a test measuring middle-ear muscle responses elicited to intense acoustic stimulus, usually including

ipsilateral and contralateral reflex thresholds

3.2.2.7

distortion product otoacoustic emission

otoacoustic emission recorded in the external ear canal that represents the cubic distortion product

(2f1-f2) following simultaneous presentation of combinations of two pure tones (f1 and f2)

3.2.2.8

transient evoked otoacoustic emission

otoacoustic emission measured in the external auditory meatus in response to a transient evoking

stimulus

3.2.2.9

auditory brainstem response

electrical potentials produced in response to acoustic or vibratory force stimulus in the auditory nerve

and brainstem by placing electrodes on the scalp

[SOURCE: IEC 60645-7:2009]modified

3.2.2.10

auditory steady-state response

an auditory evoked potential in which the response waveform has a repetition frequency the same as

the rate of stimulation

ISO WD -:2016(E)


3.3 Terms related to hearing aid fitting

3.3.1 Hearing aid fitting system

3.3.1.1

hearing aid

wearable instrument intended to aid a person with impaired hearing delivering acoustic signals to user.

Note 1, A HA usually consists of a microphone, amplifier, signal processor, and earphone powered by a

low-voltage battery and possibly also containing an induction pick-up coil. It is fitted using audiometric

and prescriptive methods

[SOURCE: IEC 60118-0]

3.3.1.2

analog hearing aid

a hearing aid with conventional circuitry that processes the signal in a continuous fashion in the time

domain

3.3.1.3

digital hearing aid

a hearing aid utilizing digital technology to process the signal

3.3.1.4

linear signal processing hearing aid

a hearing aid that produced equivalent gain for all input levels up to the maximum output of the device,

at which point the signal saturates

3.3.1.5

non-linear signal processing hearing aid

a hearing aid in which output sound pressure is not proportional to the input sound pressure at all

input levels; a hearing aid that uses some form of compression

3.3.1.6

programmable hearing aid

a hearing aid with analog circuitry that is controlled digitally; capable of being programmed to

compensate for different hearing losses or different listening conditions

3.3.1.7

custom hearing aid

hearing aids such as in the ear, in the canal, and completely in the canal that are made for specific

individuals from an ear impression

3.3.1.8

mircrophone

an auditory apparatus that converts speech into an electronic signal

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TR 18053:2000]

3.3.1.9

amplifier

ISO WD -:2016(E)


an electronic device for increasing the magnitude of an electrical signal

3.3.1.10

receiver

a transducer that converts an electrical signal to and acoustical signal; a device that demodulates an

input electromagnetic wireless signal to create a wired output voltage

3.3.1.11

vent

release of excessive internal pressure from a cell or battery in a manner intended by design to preclude

rupture or disassembly; an acoustic path from the ear canal to the air outside the ear

[SOURCE: ISO 17546:2016]

3.3.1.12

battery

source of electrical energy obtained by the direct conversion of chemical energy

[SOURCE: ISO 6426-2:2002]

3.3.1.13

earmold

device used to couple an electroacoustic transducer to the ear canal


3.3.1.14

custom earmold

earmold that is made from an ear impression to fit the individual ear specifically

3.3.1.15

acoustic feedback

a whistling sound produced by a hearing aid; the return of some of the energy of the output signal from

the hearing aid receiver to the input transducer

3.3.1.16

occlusion effect

1) a condition cused by ear canal of the hearing aid user being ocluded by a mold or a shell and their

own voice sounds hollow, boomy, like they are speaking in a drum or tunnel, or that it echoes with low

frequency hearing 2) lowering of the hearing threshold level of a given ear, stimulated by bone

conduction, when an earphone or earplug is placed over or in the entrance to the ear canal, thereby

forming an enclosed air volume in the external ear. The effect is greatest at low frequencies

[SOURCE: ISO 8253-1:2010] modified

3.3.1.17

gain-frequency response

a plot of gain of amplifications as a function of frequency

3.3.1.18

OSPL90-frequency response

a plot of output sound pressure level obtained in an ear simulator when using an input of 90dB SPL and

ISO WD -:2016(E)


the gain control in the full-on position as a function of frequency

3.3.1.19

input-output diagram

a plot of ouput as a function of input displaying the level of output produced based on the input level of

a signal; used to display input/output information for hearing aids

3.3.1.20

equivalent input noise

the level of noise that would be needed to be applied to the input of a device such that the noise in the

output would be equal to the actual noise at the output of the device that is caused by internally

generated random noise

3.3.1.21

real ear aided gain

the difference in decibels between the SPL in the ear canal when aided and the SPL in the undisturbed

acoustic sound field

3.3.1.22

automatic gain control

means (other than peak clipping) by which the gain is automatically controlled as a function of the level

of the signal being amplified

[SOURCE: IEC 60118-7:2015]

3.3.1.23

hearing aid test box

a device used to measure the electroacoustic characteristics of a hearing aid

3.3.1.24

acoustical coupler

cavity of specified shape and volume used for the calibration of earphones or microphones in

conjunction with a calibrated microphone adapted to measure the sound pressure developed in the

cavity


3.3.1.25

ear simulator

device for measuring the acoustic output of sound sources where the sound pressure is measured by a

calibrated microphone coupled to the source so that the overall acoustic impedance of the device

approximates that of the normal human ear at a give location and in a given frequency band

[SOURCE: ISO 8253-1:2010]

3.3.1.26

sound level meter, SLM

instrument for the measurement of sound level with a standard frequency weighting and a standard

exponential time weighting.

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-801]

ISO WD -:2016(E)


3.3.1.27

otoscopy

visual examination of the external ear, the ear canal, and the tympanic membrane; provides

observations that will often confirm audiological findings and may lead to a medical referral

3.3.1.28

assistive listening device, ALD

system consisting of a microphone, a portable amplifier and headphones, earphone or a neck loop

[SOURCE: IEC TC 62489-1;2010]

3.3.1.29

telecoil

a series of interconnected wire loops in a hearing aid that respond electrically to a magnetic signal to

enhance telephone use

3.3.1.30

FM system

an assistive listening device that conveys sound from a sound source to a listener by means of a carrier

wave with a sinusoidally varying frequency; designed to enhance signal to noise ratios

3.3.1.31

induction loop

loop of wire in part or all of a room designated as an assistive listening area; sound is transmitted by

electromagnetic (inductive) energy , along with an amplifier and a microphone for the primary speaker

3.3.1.32

calibration

electronic or psychoacoustic determination that en electrical device or an acoustic transducer functions

according to defined characteristics

3.3.2 Hearing aid fitting services

3.3.2.1

hearing aid professional

audiologically competent person who professionally assesses hearing, selects, fits and delivers hearing

systems and rehabilitation services to persons with hearing loss

[SOURCE: EN 15927:2010]

3.3.2.2

audiologist

a hearing health care professional who identifies, assesses, and manages hearing and/or balance

disorders and to provide related services including hearing aid fitting

3.3.2.3

hearing aid dispenser

an individual qualified to sell amplification devices such as hearing aids and assistive listening devices

and provide hearing aid fitting services

ISO WD -:2016(E)


3.3.2.4

audiometrist

an audiology technician, who may conduct basic hearing tests and assist with hearing aid fittings and

repairs

3.3.2.5

client

person with a hearing impairment being serviced by a hearing aid professional

[SOURCE: EN 15927:2010]

3.3.2.6

hearing profile

comprehensive account for a client’s auditory problems, social situation, activity limitations, needs and

expectations

[SOURCE: EN 15927]

3.3.2.7

hearing impaired

person with hearing impairment having complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both

ears

Note The level of impairment can be mild, moderate, severe or profound.

[SOURCE: EN 15927]

3.3.2.8

hearing aid fitting management

systematic process for HA fitting with its prior and posterior stages to help the hearing impaired

recognize and interpret sounds better with hearing aids by optimizing audibility and comfort

3.3.2.9

assessment

process to serve as a pre-fitting stage that consists of preparatory components including counselling,

hearing evaluation, hearing aid selection, and taking of ear impression if necessary.

3.3.2.10

hearing aid fitting

process to improve hearing ability through hearing aids by adjustment, verification, and orientation

3.3.2.11

follow-up

process to serve as a post-fitting stage that consists of subsequent components including outcome

measures, and comprehensive report with or without auditory training.

3.3.2.12

client profile/counseling

process to identify individual needs, concerns, emotional factors, and abilities related to hearing loss

and establishes realistic expectations.

ISO WD -:2016(E)


3.3.2.13

hearing evaluation

process to conduct various relevant tests to identify information about hearing loss and select

appropriate hearing aids

3.3.2.14

hearing aid trial

process of experiencing amplification by wearing loaner hearing aids to establish realistic expectations

before making a decision to acquire hearing aids

3.3.2.15

hearing aid selection

decision- making processes associated with multiple features of hearing aids by considering device

features, and anatomic characteristics and cosmetic factors of potential hearing aid users to determine

earmold, style, vent, and other physical and acoustical properties of hearing aids.

3.3.2.16

ear impression

a cast of the concha used to make an ear mold or hearing aid shell

3.3.2.17

hearing aid ajustment

alteration of the physical or electro-acoustic aspects of hearing aids.

3.3.2.18

verification of hearing aid adjustment

process evaluating physical, electro-acoustic, and psycho-acoustic aspects of hearing aids by presenting

signals to hearing aids in the test box or a real-ear, and measuring hearing aid output or evaluating

subjective responses using questionnaires

3.3.2.19

real ear measurement

measurement of amplified sound in an ear canal through the use of a probe microphone

3.3.2.20

fine-tuning

adjustment of the hearing system to best match the needs and preferences of the hearing impaired

[SOURCE: EN 15927]

3.3.2.21

orientation

process providing the information relevant to operational techniques, maintenance strategies including

trouble shootings, realistic performance expectations, and other resources needed for hearing aid users

3.3.2.22

outcome measurement

process measuring the consequences of wearing hearing aids

ISO WD -:2016(E)


3.3.2.23

comprehensive report

process documenting and filing substantial information occurred during the whole hearing aid fitting

management process for informative reports and future references

3.4 Terms related to hearing rehabilitation

3.4.1 hearing rehabilitation

3.4.1.1

hearing rehabilitation

systematic process for improving hearing abilities and communication skills through education,

training and instruction after hearing system fitting

[SOURCE: EN 15927]

3.4.1.2

auditory training

process to aid the capability of hearing perception by focusing on various rehabilitative aspects

including auditory perception, communication strategies, and individual needs

3.4.1.3

auditory verbal therapy

a training method for the hearing impaired focusing on listening and speaking

3.4.1.4

total communication

a communication philosophy that suggests that all forms of communication are available for both

receptive and expressive communication

3.4.1.5

speech communicationconveying or exchanging information from one person to another using speech

3.4.1.6

lip reading; speech reading

deriving meaning from a person’s speech by observing the speaker’s lips, gestures, and facial

expressions

3.4.1.7

speech perception

psychological process that relates a sensation caused by a spoken message to a listener’s knowledge of

speech and language


3.4.1.8

speech comprehension

1) highest level of speech perception, 2) knowledge or understanding of a verbal statement


3.4.1.9

speech recognition

ISO WD -:2016(E)


perception and analysis of the information carried by human voice[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382:2015] modified

3.4.1.10

speech discrimination

ability to perceive the difference between speech stimuli

3.4.1.11

speech detection

ability to detect the presence of speech stimuli

ISO WD -:2016(E)


Annex A (informative) Processes of the term construction of HAFM

Review term data (a total of 11162 terms)

Additional essential terms

28 terms based on the need of HAFM

Standards:

ISO TC 43 (200 standards;2015), IEC TC 29

(51 standards; 2015), IEC 60050-801,

EN15927, & ANSI (1-3)

Audiology dictionaries & textbooks: (11-26)

Others:(27-32)

Repeated terms

1) Select 48 HAFM relevant terms out of

198 repeated terms occurred at least

seven times across the term data


118 repeated terms occurred only

six times across the term data



five times across the term data



four times across the term data



three times across the term data



two times across the term data

7) Establish 111 HAFM relevent terms

out of 4406 repeated terms

Terminology of HAFM

A total of 139 main terms for HAFM by

combining 111 repeated terms and 28

essential terms

ISO WD -:2016(E)


Bibliography

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(3) ANSI/ASA. ANSI/ASA S3.2:2015. American National Standard Bioacoustical Terminology. ANSI;

2015.

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Delmar Cengage Learning; 3 edition; 2008. pp1-792.

(18) Hall JW. New Handbook for Auditory Evoked Responses. Pearson; 1 edition; 2006. pp1-736.

ISO WD -:2016(E)


(19) Moore, Brian CJ. Intro to Psychology of Hearing. Emerald s, Paperback; 2012.

(20) Moore, Brian CJ. Cochlear Hearing Loss: Physiological, Psychological and Technical Issues.

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(25) Kim H, Lee H. Proposal of audiologic terminology standardization in Korea. Korean J Audiol

2009;13: 116-127.

(26) Lee JH, Lee KW, Lee JH, Bahng JH. Glossary of audiology. Seoul: Hakjisa; 2014. pp1-301.

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(31) WHO. International Classification of Functioning (ICF), Disability and Health. Geneva: WHO; 2001.

(32) ASHA. Model super bill for audiology. 2008. Available from:

http://www.asha.org/uploadedfiles/practice/reimbursement/private-plans/modelsuperbillaud.pdf

(will be added later.)

WD Terminology 2016-12-30

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