Post on 26-Feb-2020
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan
Features of Power System andIssues on International Connection
in Japan
Ryuichi YOKOYAMA横山 隆一
Waseda University早稲田大学 名誉教授
1
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan2
Outline of Presentation
・ Future Electric Power Grids for Effective Use of
Sustainable Energy
・ Super Grid for Cross-Reginal Electricity Transfer
・ Features of Power System and Issues on
International Connection in Japan
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan3
Future Electric Power Grids for Effective Use of Sustainable Energy
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan4
Paradigm Shift toward Best Energy Mix from Nuclear-Centered Generation Mix
Best Energy Mix based on Distributed Generation and Network
Generation with Fossil Energy
- LNG Thermal Plant (1GW)- Gas Combined Cycle (0.3GW)- Gas Engine (10KW – 1MW)- IGCC (Clean Coal Generation)- Fuel Cell
GEGE
Generation with Sustainable Energy
Battery Energy Storage
EDLC
Lead Battery Ni-MH Battery
負 極負 極 正 極正 極
水 素 吸 蔵 合 金 オ キ シ 水 酸 化 ニ ッ ケ ル
放 電
N iO O H
N i(O H ) 2O H -
H 2O
O H -
H 2O
e -
↓
水 素 H +
↑e -
e - → e - →
← e -
e - →
負 極負 極 正 極正 極
炭素材料 (黒鉛層間化合物) 遷移金属酸化物
Li+
空のLi+サイト
放 電電子 e- →
Li-Ion Battery
Transmission
Network
Distribution Substation
ResidenceFactory
Distribution Network
Storage
Thermal Plant
PV Generation
StorageNuclear Plant
Hydro Plant
Generation Mix based on Large Scale Plants
WindGeneration
Energy Saving Local Generation
Tsunami2011
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan
○ By large scale installation of sustainable energy such as PV generation, new problems in power grids ;Excess energy, Voltage increase and Shortage of frequency control capacity occur.
○ Necessity of power stabilization control to keep their own functionality of power networks
107V
95V
Voltage
Distance from Substation transformerNo Reverse
Power
Reverse powerPermissible Range
(1016V)
LoadLoad
Reverse PowerReverse power : PV generated power flows into grids
DistributionSubstation
~ - ~ -
LoadLoad Load
~ -
Voltage
Disconnection
100/200V
6600V
Voltage Increase and Reverse Power in Distribution Networks
MEGA Solar
Issues in Power System Operation by Large Scale Instillation of Sustainable Energy
Output Deviation of PV Generation in Summer
Rat
io
(Gen
erat
ion
Cap
acity
)(%)
(Time)
Cloudy
Fine Day
Rainy
010203040506070
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Dem
and
Ch
ange
(Com
pon
ents
un
der 20
min
ute
s de
viar
tion)
太陽光増加
LFC : Load Frequency
Control
Sum of demand and PV output fluctuations
±1~2 %of Total demand
Shortage of Frequency Control Capacity
One hour
Sum of demand and wind output deviations
Demand deviation
Excess of control limit
5
SmartMeter
HEMS
BatteryElectric Vehicle
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan6
Autonomous Micro Gridfor Effective Use of Sustainable Energy
Intelligent
Control System
Wind Generator
PV generation
Fuel Cells
Electricity/Heat Supply
Large Customers
Domestic Customers
Loop Network
GEGE
Gas Engine, CGS
Utility Grid
ICT-based Monitoring, Communication and Control
Battery Energy Storage System
Back Up
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan7
Changes of Power System Structureby Introducing Smart Technology
7
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan8
Toward Future Power Delivery Networks
Stable Power Supply Low Carbon SocietyReasonable Price
Future Social Infrastructure
Super Grid
Anti-Disaster NetworkPower Transfer
crossing the Border
Local Government DrivenAutonomous Network Inter-regional Connection
Clustered Microgrid
Large Scale Power System
Micro Grid Smart GridParasite Cost/Benefit
Smart & Eco Life
Smart CommunityEco City, Compact Town
Electricity, Heat,Transportation
8
Transmission
Network
Distribution Substation
ResidenceFactory
Distribution Network
Storage
Thermal Plant
PV Generation
StorageNuclear
Plant
Hydro Plant
Generation Mix by Large Scale Plants
WindGeneration
Remote GenerationLong Transmission
Vulnerability to Natural Disaster
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan
To create social infrastructures (Smart Communities) to conduct the integrated management of life style, heat usage, transportation other than electricity for effective use of total energy.
Smart CommunityElectricity Infrastructure (Smart Grid)
Energy Consumption in Transportation became Double in 30years Comfortability
Heat and Steam Network by utilizing Unused Heat Energy
50% of energy consumptionis by Heat and Steam
Car Sharing
Eco Point3,250 Yen
Charge5,000 Yen
Today20 KWh
Heat Supply
TransportationChange of Life Style
Change of Life Style by Visualizationof Energy Consumption
Fuel CellUse of Industrial Waste and Garbage
Visualization of Electricity Price and Real Time appliance Control
BRT(Bus Rapid Transit)High Speed Bus System with Private-Use Rail
Mobil Security Assist System by using probe Information
Electric Vehicle to Home
Smart Meter HEMS Biomass Cogeneration
9
Objectives and Features of Smart Community
Shortage: EV HomeSurplus: Home EV
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan
Configurations and Features of Smart Community
Tram withOverhead Wires
ChargingStation
Electric Bus (Tram in the Future)Smart House
EV is used as a social infrastructure
Shortage: EV HomeSurplus: Home EV
Smart House
Smart Building
Charging Station
Electric Bus Electric Vehicles
Control Center
Control Center to manage energy, information and transportation in the area optimally
Nuclear and Thermal Generation Plants
BatteryWind Gen.
Micro Hydro Gen.
Mega Solar
TramUse of Breeze
PV
Home Network
Home Gateway
Smart Meter
Heat Pump
Fuel Cell
Efficient Air Conditioner
Washer, Dryer, M.W. , LED, Television
EV
Motor ChangeableLi-Ion Battery
InverterFixed BatteryA.C
Tram in the Future
10
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan 11
Yokohama City(Yokohama City, Toshiba, Panasonic, Meidensha, Nissan, Accenture, etc.)
CO2▲30% by 2025(from 2004)Energy management system which
integrates HEMS, BEMS, EVPV(27,000 kW)Use of heat and unused energy4,000 Smart houses, ,2000 EVs
Toyota City(Toyota City. Toyota Motor, Chubu Electric
Power, Toho Gas, Toshiba, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Denso, Sharp, Fujitsu, Dream
Incubator, etc.)CO2▲20% :houses, ▲40%:transportation
Use of heat and unused energy as well as electricityDemand response at more than 70 homes
3100EV, V to H, to G
Kyoto Keihanna District(Kyoto Prefecture, Kansai Electric Power, Osaka Gas
KANSAI SCIENCE CITY, Kyoto University)CO2▲20% :houses, ▲30%:transportation (from 2005)Install PV in 1,000 houses, EV car-sharing systemNano-grid management of PVs and FCs in houses and
buildings (visualization of demand)Grant “Kyoto eco-points” to the usage of green-energy
Kitakyushu City(Kitakyushu City, Fuji Electric Systems , GE,
IBM, Nippon Steel)CO2▲50% (from 2005)
Real-time management at 70 companies and 200 housesEnergy management by HEMS, BEMSEnergy system which coordinates demand side
management with the overall power system .
Smart Community Pilot Projects in JapanParticipants
Commercial buildings
House Show Rooms
New developingarea
Minato Mirai Area・ BEMS, etc.
・ EV, Charging stations etc.
Residentialarea
・ EMS in Community・ EMS in Clustered Area
・ HEMS・ Efficient appliances , EV
Gas
RegionalHeat supply
AMI
Tokyo Gas
Electricity
Minato Mirai 21 Kouhoku New Town Kanazawa District
Implementation in Minato Mirai, Kouhoku New Town and Kanazawa Districts (Clusters)
7MW PV generation, 4,000 Smart houses, 2,000 Electric vehicles,
Target to install totally 27MW Sustainable energy
Demand Response demonstration by BEMS/HEMS and Integrated EMS in 3 areas (Clusters)
Target to reduce 30% CO2 by 2025 (in all Yokoyama against 2004)
For 5 years, the total budget will be $ 1 billion
Outline and Scale of Yokohama Eco City
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan
Conclusion of MOU concerning Smart Community Projects 6 Demonstration Projects ; 4 in Implementation stage and 2 in
Construction stage
Java Island(Indonesia)
12
Oversea Smart Community Developments by NEDO
Reference : New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Japan
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan
Los Alamosμ-EMS for Microgrid
Los Alamos1MW PV-Generation Site
AlbuquerqueMesa Del Sol Building
AlbuquerqueGE, Energy Storage and PV
AlbuquerqueImplementation Facilities
Los AlamosLead Acid Battery
Smart Community Sites and Facilities in NM
Reference : New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Japan
Los AlamosLead Acid Battery
13
Range of the NEDO Project
Managementby US Side
μEMS (5MW)
Buildings Stationery Battery PV Generation Residences with Smart Meters
Autonomous Commercial Buildingwith 100KW-PV, GE,BEMES, Storage
μEMS/Monitoring
Operation Commands to DER and Storages to regulate PV output
Albuquerque
Substation
Monitoring to regulate power flow
at the connecting point
PV-Output Monitoring
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan
Autonomous and Uninterruptible Power Supply in Albuquerque
The first implementation of autonomous and uninterruptiblepower supply for public commercial buildings in USA
Connecting Isolated
Voltage
Frequency
Voltage
Isolated Connecting
By controlling output of a gas engine , DER and a battery storage, the transition from Connecting State to Isolated State becomes stable.
Reference : New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Japan
14
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan
○ Energy management in larger areas is more effective than that in a single house .○ Excess electricity stored in battery in sunny areas can be transferred to houses that require
electricity. It is not necessary for a battery to be installed in an individual house. If one battery is installed for every few houses, then the installation cost will be decreased.
○ Demand in residential areas is larger in the morning and at night and demand in commercialareas is large in daytime , by transferring electricity between areas, electricity can be used effectively.
Consumptionin a house
Optimization of transferAmong regions
Transfer between houses
Energy Management in Houses and Areas
Excess electricity from PV generation
is disconnectedExcess electricity is transferred and used in neighboring houses
Fine Area
Rainy Area Office District
Cluster
15
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan
Configuration of Single Cluster
Configuration and Components of Cluster–Oriented Smart Distribution Grid
Effective Use of Sustainable Local Energy
BatteryCVCF/PQ Control
Main InverterGEGE
Interconnection Inverter
Cluster for Power Supply
Utility Grid(Power System)
Facilities
Biomass
Gas Engine
PV GenerationWind Generation
Micro Hydro
Wave Generation
Biogas
Customers
Rapid Charging of
EV16
AC
DC
AC
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan17
Interconnection and Expansion of Cluster–Oriented Smart Distribution Grid
Main Inverter(CVCF-Mode)
ClusterA
GEGE
Power System
(Utility Grid)
GEGE
One Point Connectionto the Grid
ClusterB
ClusterC
Main Inverter(CVCF-Mode)
Main Inverter(CVCF-Mode)
Battery Energy Storage System
Battery Energy Storage System
InterconnectionInverter
(PQ-Mode)
InterconnectionInverter
(PQ-Mode)
InterconnectionInverter
EMS
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan18
Objectives and Features of Expandable Grids
・ Structure of Cluster-based Expandable Smart Distribution Grids- Construction of an appropriate scale distribution grid (The first cluster)- Expansions of clusters according to increase of regional demands (The second cluster)- Interconnections of clusters by electrical routers (Tie lines and Inverter control)
・Features of Expandable Smart Distribution- Effective Use of Sustainable energies- DC/AC Distribution to the region- Coordinated Use of Heat Storage and BESS- Rapid Charging to Electric Vehicles
・The Role of the Proposed grid- New Power Supply Social Infrastructure for Developing Areas and Regions- Medium Scale Power Supply for Islands and Remote areas- Power Supply for Non-electrified Regions in Developing Countries and Emergency Supply
- Smart Grids for coping with Large Scale Installations of Sustainable Energy- Expandable Power Supply System in accordance with Regional Development- Contribution to Stable Power Supply, Energy Conservation and CO2 Reduction
Objectives and Features
GEGE GEGE
GEGE
Cluster Cluster
Cluster
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan19
Super Grid for Cross-Reginal Electricity Transfer
toward Effective Use of Reginal Renewable Energy
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan20
- Electric Power Super Grid aims at transferring electricity generated in an area to other areas through submarine cables of several thousands Km.
- Even Off-Shore wind farms can be connected to many countries.- Excess electric power generated by off-shore wind farms in UK is
transferred to Norway and is used to pumped up water in hydro plants. - In case of shortage of electricity in UK, electric power generated in the
hydro plans in Norway is sent back to UK.- International electricity transfer (accommodation) among countries
Super Grid Initiatives in Europe
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan21
欧州における北海スーパ-グリッド構想欧州における北海スーパ-グリッド構想The North Sea Countries’ Offshore Grid Initiative by EWEA
The North Sea Countries’ Offshore Grid Initiative by EWEA
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan22
Conception of EWEA Super GridConception of EWEA Super Grid
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan23
DESERTEC Industrial Initiative (DII)DESERTEC Industrial Initiative (DII)
23
- DESERTEC initiative was proposed by Club of Rome to transfer electricity generated by PV and solar thermal plants in North Africa to European countries by HVDC.
- Range of the plan is far longer than North Sea Super Grid project and will be completed after 2050.
- DESERTEC Industrial Initiative (DII) is established in 2009 by 12 players including solar thermal and HVDC companies led by Germany to realize the project.
- 15% of electricity in Europe is planed to be supplied by interconnection lines spreading over the Sahara Desert and the Mediterranean Sea areas by DII.
- Major finance, heavy electric and engineering corporations such as, Munich Insurance, Siemens, E.ON, Asea Brown Boveri, German Bank participated in the DII.
- 400 Billion Euro is to invest for CSP(Concentrating Solar Power) in South Europe and North Africa.
- Technology used in DII is existing one, however the project is the largest in scale compared with plants in USA and Spain.
23
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan24
European Super GridDESERTEC Industrial Initiative
European Super GridDESERTEC Industrial Initiative
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan
Interconnections of Power Grids in Europe Power grids of European countries are connected strongly by international tie lines. Synchronized AC networks in Europe are divided into European Continental network, North Europe
network, England network and Baltic network, and networks are connected each other by HVDC. Spain network is connected to North Africa and Greece network is connected to Turkish network.
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出典:国際連系に関する調査・研究、平成25年3月、一般財団法人日本エネルギー経済研究所
North Europe Network
Baltic Network
Synchronized European Continental Network
Turkish NetworkNorth Africa Network
England Network
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan26
ASEAN Power Grid (APG) Initiative
・ ASEAN Power Grid Connection forEffective use of Energy Resources ・ Reconciliation of Neighboring
Countries through Power Transfer ・ Revitalization of these Regions
Reference:Jack CasazzaForgotten Roots: Electric Power, Profits, Democracy and a Profession
Philippine
Myanmar
Malesia
Vietnam
Burnie
Singapore
Indonesia
Cambodia
Thailand
Laos
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan27
Proposal of East Asia Super GridProposal of East Asia Super Grid
27
- East Asia Super Grid is proposed to restore the shortage of Electricity caused by East Japan Earthquake and accompanied Tsunami in 2011.
- Japan Policy Council composed of economists and researchers (Chairman is Hiroya Masuda, Visiting professor of Tokyo University) proposed a new scheme for isolated power grids in Japan to connect to foreign countries and exchange power mutually by crossing the border.
- As the first stage, construction of Submarine Cable between Korea and Japan was proposed.
- Landing point is assumed to be the most southern end, Fukuoka, and other cables are to construct in Japan Sea side along the Japan Archipelago
- Trunk cables are connected toWestern and Eastern utility gridby AC/DC converter.
East Asia Super Grid
Kashiwazaki
Mihama
Tamari
Fukuoka
Wakkanai
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Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan28
Proposed Super Grid Plans in JapanProposed Super Grid Plans in Japan
- Japan Super Grid is proposed by Masayoshi Son (Renewable Energy Institute , SoftBamk Group) and TetsunariIida (Environment and Energy Policy Institute)
- Connecting Asian power grids including Japan by Ultra-High Voltage DC transmission lines to exchange electricity each other. ( Reference : REI )
- Wide Area Cross Reginal Interconnection from the north end Hokkaido to the south end Fukuoka
- Construction of these DC trunk lines leads to solution of the two frequency problem between Western and Eastern regions and enables us to transfer electricity generated by solar and wind energy in Wakkanai to Metropolitan area and other areas
East Asia Super Grid
36,000Km
Tokyo
Beijing Seoul
• Peak Shift• Supply Stabilization• Reasonable Price
Hong Kong
Bangkok
Singapore
Shanghai
Taipei
ManilaMumbai
Delhi
Kuala Lumpur
The Gobi Desert
ChengduBhutan
Dacca
Vladivostok
Japan Super Grid
2,000Km2,000 Billion Yen
50 Billion Yen/year
Submarine Cable
4GW
1 GW
Wakkanai
Kashiwazaki
Mihama
Fukuoka
Tamari
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Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan29
Asian Super Grid
Japan
Korea
Russia
HVDC Transmission lines
India
China
Mongolia
The Gobi Desert
Asian Super GridInternational Energy Internet (Interconnection)
Converter Station
AC Transmission LinesWind Farm in Mongolia
The Gobi Desert
Solar Thermal FarmHVDC Cable
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Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan30
Benefit of Asian Super GridDifference of Electricity Prices in Countries
WakkanaiTamari
Fukuoka
Mihama
KashiwazakiKariha
Total Transmission Length:
3,800Km
Electricity Price
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan31
Features of Power System andIssues on International Connection
in Japan
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan32
Ten Electric Power Companies andInterconnected Network
Ten Electric Power Companies andInterconnected Network
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan
AC interconnection(500kV)
AC interconnection(154kV~275kV)
DC interconnection
Back-to-Back Frequency Converter
AC-DC Converter
Minami-Fukumitsu BTB500kV Echizen-Reinan line
Sakuma F.C. 300MW
500kV Seiban-Higashi
Okayama line 1700MW
500kV Honshi tie line 1200MW
Hokuriku8.1GW
Shin-Shinano
F.C. 600MW
Hokkaido
7.5 GW187kV Donan line
Kamikita converter275kV Hokubu Line
Tohoku
17.8GW
Hakodate Converter station
600MW
Kii-suido HVDC 1400MW
500kV Kanmon tie line
Shikoku7.0GW
Chugoku
Tokyo
KansaiChubu
33.4GW
65.0GW
Kyushu
20.1GW
36.0GW
12.0GW
60 Hz
-Distance between Kyushu- Hokkaidois about 2000 km.
-Utilities are locatedsequentially.
50 Hz
500kV Soma-Futaba Line
Higashi-Shimizu F.C. 300MW
Kitahon Line
33
Generating CapacityIn 2015
Supply Areas divided by Two Frequencies (50Hz and 60Hz)
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan34
Available Transfer Capacity of Interconnection Lines
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan35
87% of electricity is generated by fossil Energy
Transition of Generation Mix and Estimate in 2020
Generation Mix in2010 Generation Mix in 2013
Nuclear
CoalHydro
LNGOthers
Renewable Energy
Before Disaster
2010Oil
Nuclear
Oil
CoalHydro
LNG
Others
Renewable Energy
After Disaster
20132011
Transmission Line (500kV)
Transmission Line(154kV~275kV)
DC Transmission LineSwitching Station or Substation
AC-DC Converter Facility
Back to Back Converter Station
Hydro including Pump-Up
9%
Coal30%
LNG34%
Oil4%
Oher Thermal2%
Nuclear1%
Wind1%
Solar7%
Other Renewables2%
Other Generations11%
Generation Mix in 2020 (Estimate by OCCTO,2016,KWh-Base)
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan36
Reinforcement Plans of Tie Lines for Large Scale Installation of Sustainable Energy
Reinforcement Plans of Tie Lines for Large Scale Installation of Sustainable Energy
Large Scale Wind Generation Area
High Electricity Demand Density Area
Areas to be
Interconnected
ProjectName
Voltage
Construction
Commencement
In Operation
Hokkaido-Tohoku
Hokuto-ImabetsuDC Trunk Line
HVDC250 kV
April 2014 March 2019
Tokyo-Chubu
Tokyo-Chubu DC Trunk Line
HVDC±200 kV
2017Fiscal Year
2020Fiscal Year
Chubu-KansaiSekigahara-kitaoumiLine
500 kV Undecided Undecided
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan37
Reinforcements of Facilities for Large Scale Wind Generation
Reinforcements of Facilities for Large Scale Wind Generation
- Construction Unit Cost:300,000 Yen/KW Estimated
- Construction Period:April 2014 to March 2019
- Operational Capacity:0.6GW (in 2014)0.3GW (in 2019) ExtensionTotal Capacity: 0.9GW
Hokuto Substation
Imabetsu Substation
SeikanTunnelNew Route
Existing Route
Nanae Substation
OhnoSubstatio
nHokuto-Imabetsu
Trunk Line
Nihisenndai
Minami-Soma
Jyoubann Line
Soma-Futaba Line
Tokyo Area
TohokuArea ● Total Construction Cost :
159 billion Yen● Construction Period:
7 years to 11 years●Operational Capacity:
5.7 GW (in 2021 Fiscal year)5.5 GW (Expansion)Total Capacity: 11.2GW
Large Scale Wind Generation Area
High Electricity Demand Density Area
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan38
38
Reinforcement of Interconnection lines between 50Hz and 60Hz Areas
Reinforcement of Interconnection lines between 50Hz and 60Hz Areas
Higashi-Shimizu
60Hz Area
Sakuma
50Hz Area
Shin-Shinano
Etsumi
Trunk Line
Constriction Plan of 900MW HVDC Line toward Nagano
Reference: Proposal on reinforcements of Tokyo-Chubu interconnection, ESCJ, 2013
Current Situation of East-West Interconnection FacilitiesFrequency Converter Station Sakuma (J-Power EPCO) : 300 MW Shin-Shinano (Tokyo EPCO ) : 600 MW Higashi-Shimizu (Chubu EPCO) : 300 MW Total Capacity: : 1,200 MW
■ Reinforcement of interconnection between 50Hz and 60Hz areas by HVDC line
■ Capacity of East-West interconnection will be increased from 1,200MW to 2,10MW (2,50MW in the future)
■ The project is undergoing aiming at operation commencement in 2020
By the constriction of 900MW HVDC Line toward Nagano, the transfer capacity increases to 2,100 MW in 2020.
The Expert Committee on the Electricity Power Systems Reform requested further increase of capacity up to 3,000 MW under political support by the government in June 2016.
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan39
Unit: 10 MW
HokkaidoEPCO
ChugokuEPCO
KansaiEPCO
ChubuEPCO
HokurikuEPCO
TohokuEPCO
TokyoEPCO
ShikokuEPCO
KyushuEPCO
Undecided (120)Undecided (250)
90 (2019 In Operation)90 (2019 In Operation)
210 (2020 In Operation)300 (Recommended)
500KV Line Planned but Undecided
Transfer Capacity after Reinforcement of Interconnection in 2024
Transfer Capacity after Reinforcement of Interconnection in 2024
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan40
Deployment of Super Grid into Asian CountriesDeployment of Super Grid into Asian Countries
Super Grid in Japan
- Necessity of feasibility studies for international interconnection toward the targeted year, 2020 or 2030
- In the future, expansion to multi-national Super Grid including the North East Asian countries (ASEAN) and Australia
- Creation of a platform for effective use of renewable energy such as solar and wind
- As electric power companies in Japan have been protected by monopoly and regulation, even domestic transfer between areas was not sufficient because of poor tie line capacity.
Expansion of domestic tie lines
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan41
R・Route
K・Route
Feasibility of International Power Grid Connection in Japan
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan
Reinforcement of Tie lines for Cross-Reginal Cross regional Operation
Toward Super Grid in Japan)
42
Reinforcements of Tie lines
between areas
Increase of Cross-regional electricity transfer
- To avoid blackout occurred by natural disasters by transferring electric power between areas
- To mitigate output fluctuation of large scale renewable energy installation by enhancement of nationwide demand and supply balancing capability
- Establishment of OCCTO: Organization for Cross–regional Coordination of Transmission Operators, Japan
Reference: OCCTO, Summary of electricity supply plan in2015, June 2015
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan
Current Situation and Objectives of Reginal Interconnections in USA
43
Since 2012, reinforcements of transmission lines have been conducted by 5,5094km in US, 1,3604km in Canada, 622km in Mexico, and 69,320km in NERC total area
66,582km for AC transmission lines and 2,738km for DC transmission lines, DC lines is constructed mainly in Canada.
Objectives of the reinforcements are for Enhancement of supply reliability (To fulfill Reliability Criteria) :52%, Connection of renewable energy,:20%, Economic reason (Congestion relieving):14%, Connection of hydro plants:3%, Connection of Nuclear plants:1%, and Connection of thermal plamts:1%.
出典:国際連系に関する調査・研究、平成25年3月、一般財団法人日本エネルギー経済研究所
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan44
Mandatory Conditions for realizing Super GridMandatory Conditions for realizing Super Grid
44
□ In the DESERTECH Project of European countries including the Middle East and the North Africa,- Solar Thermal energy in deserts of
the North Africa and the Middle East- Wind power energy in the coast of
the North-West Africa, the North and West Europe
- PV generation in strong solar radiation, such as Spain
- Hydro energy in mountain areas of the Alpsmountains, Pyrenees, Atlas Mountains
- Biomass energy in the middle of Europe, such as, Germany and France□ International interconnections between Africa, the Middle East and Europe by low
loss, long distance HVDC
- Countries are stable politically, Economically and Socially- Interconnecting countries have cordial relations each other- Diversification of energy resources in different areas
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan45
Thank you for your attention
Ryuichi YOKOYAMA横山 隆一
Waseda University早稲田大学
Yokoyama-ryuichi@waseda.jp
Copyright: Ryuichi Yokoyama, Waseda University, Japan46
Stable, Reliable, and Clean Power supply for All Customers with Reasonable Price
EconomicGrowth
(New Business)
Energy Security(Stable Power Supply)
EnvironmentalConservation
(CO2 Reduction etc.)
Premise: Stable, Reliable, and Clean Power Supply for All Customers with Reasonable Price
Cost Reduction(Efficient Operation)
Stable Supply(Best Energy Mix)
EnvironmentalPreservation
(Clean Energy Technology)
Objectives
Coordination of Goals of Electric Power Sector for Stable Energy Supply
Energy Saving, Peak Cut and Load Leveling
Efficient Use of Facility/Sustainable Energy Smart Grid
Resiliency and Reduction of Cost
Expandable Network
Resiliency
Clustered Microgrid
Super Grid
Smart Community