______________________________ ___________9/5/12___________

______________________________ ___Team beats individual.___

SCIENCE COLLEGE PREP

Subject: _____II. The Earth’s Changing Surface______________

Main Ideas Details

A. Geologist & GeologyB. Surface Changes (2 forces)

1. Constructive Forces

2. Destructive Forces

C. Journey to Center of Earth1. Temperature

2. Pressure

3. Composition

4. Density

D. 3 Main Layers: 5 sub layers 1. Crust

a. Continental Crust

b. Oceanic Crust

-Study forces that make and shape the Earth

-Shape surface by building up mountains & landmasses

-slowly wear away mountains & landmasses

- Increases as you get closer to center of Earth. - Increases as you get closer to center of Earth.

-“stuff”/material something is made of.-Changes within each layer of earth.

-amount of “stuff”/matter in given space. -Increases as you get closer to center of Earth.

-forms outer “Skin”-Composed mainly of basalt & granite-temperature from surface temp to 870 degrees C (1,600 F)-5 – 100 km thick-Density 2.7 g/cm3 - 3 g/cm3

-Mainly Granite -Composed of oxygen, silicon, and aluminum-Density is 2.7 g/cm3

-Mainly Basalt-Composed of iron, calcium and magnesium-Density is 3 g/cm3

Solid or Liquid?Solid

2. Mantle

a. Lithosphere

b. Asthenosphere

c. Mesosphere

3. Core

a. Outer Core

b. Inner Core

-Middle layer -Composed of magnesium aluminum, and silicon-temperature from 870 degrees C (1,600 F) to 3,700 degrees C (6,700 F)-Density 3.4 g/cm3 to 5.4 g/cm3

-2,900 km thick

-Uppermost part of mantle & crust together-prefix Lithos means stone-15-300 km thick-Solid layer

-Soft layer of mantle under Lithosphere-prefix Asthenes means weak-250 km thick-Soft, but can flow, maybe like thick syrup

-Layer between Asthenosphere and Outer Core-prefix Meso means middle.-2,550 km thick

-2 Parts-3,500 km thick-composed mainly of iron and nickel-3,700 degrees C (6,700 F) to 7,200 degrees C (13,000 F)-about the size of moon

-only true liquid layer-melted metal composed mostly of nickel-density is 10 g/cm3 to 12 g/cm3

-Temp from 6,100 degrees C (11,000 F) -2,300 km thick

-composed mainly of solid iron-Density is 15 g/cm3

-Temp from 7,200 degrees C (13,000 F) -1,200 km thick

Summary: The earth is made of _____ main layers; the _________, ___________, and ________. There are ______ sub layers of the earth; ________________, ________________, ___________________, -___________________, and ________________. As you descend through the layers, the temperature, density, and pressure __________________ and the composition _____________.