The musculoskeletal system

skeleton Muscular system

Consists of

Both system work together to make the body move.

The skeleton consists of all the bones in the body.

The skeleton:

-It supports the body- It enables the movement-It protects delicate organs such as heart, lungs and brain.

The muscular system consists of al the muscles in the body.

The muscular system:

-Enables the body to move-Gives the body its shape-Protects the organs such as the liver

• Fixed joints, such us the skull.

• Movable joints, such us knee or elbow.

• Gliding joints, such us between vertebrae.

skull

elbow hip

vertebrae

Femur

Tibia

Cartilage

Femur

FibulaTibia

Ligament

The ends of the bones are covered with flexible tissue called cartilage.

The bones of a joint are connected by strong elastic tissues called ligaments.

Cartilage

Write the words of each sentence in the correct order to make sense:

1.body/ supports/ the/ the/ skeleton

2. meet/ places/ bones/ two/ joints/ where/ are/ the

3. ends/ the/ of/ cartilage/ covers/ bones/ the

4. flexible/ cartilage/ tissue/ is

5. elastic/ strong/ ligaments/ are/ tissue

Muscles can change in length:- When they contract, they become shorter and thicker.- When they relax, they return to their original length and thickness.

Muscle contraction

tendon tendon

Relaxed muscle

Contracted muscle

Tissues called tendons connect muscles to bones.

Body movement occurs at movable joints.Two muscles are used in each movement. These muscles are called antagonistic because the perform opposite actions. When one muscle contracts, the other relaxes.

Arms bend at the elbow with a flexing movement. They straighten with an extending movement.

Flexing movement Extending movement

The biceps contracts

The triceps relaxes

The arm bends

The biceps relaxes

The triceps contracts

The arm straightens

Decide if the following sentences are true or false. If they are false, correct them.

•When muscles contract, they become longer T / F

•When muscles relax, they return to their original length and thickness T / F

•Tendons connect the bones of a joint T / F

•Antagonistic muscles perform the same actions T / F

•Arms bend at the elbow with a flexing movement T / F

The nervous system sends and receives information. It coordinates the functions of internal organs. And it also coordinates systems like the digestive system.

The central nervous system consists of

Brain

Spinal cord

This system receives information, interprets it and decide on a response.

The peripherial nervous system consists on nerves. It transmits information from the sense organs to the central nervous system and from the central nervous system to other organs.

The brain has got three parts:The

cerebrum controls voluntary movements

The cerebellum coordinates movements and maintains balances.The brain stem

regulates internal organs.

The spinal cord controls reflex movements

The central nervous system These are involuntary movements in

response to external stimuli.

These are the result of decisions

Neurons are the principal cells of the nervous system. They receive and transmit information. They are grouped together to form nerves.

Read the following definitions and write the corresponding words:

1.This part of the brain controls voluntary movements.

2.This part of the brain coordinates movements and maintains the balance.

3.This part of the brain regulates internal organs.

4.These are the principal celss of the nervousn system.

5.These are involuntary movements in response to external stimuli.

CEREBELLUM REFLEX MOVEMENTS BRAIN STEM

NEURONS CEREBRUM

controls

Body´sInternal process

Involuntary muscles

To control and coornidate

Such us

Such us

Beating of the heart

Digestion of the food

Endocrine system

Involuntary muscles

They work automatically. We cannot control them with our decisions.

The body needs involuntary muscles in order to function correctly.

The endocrine system

Responsible forFunctions such as

GROWTH REPRODUCTION

Endoncrine Glands

Consists of

They secrete substances called hormones into the bloodstream

Thyroid gland

Enables the body to absorb

nutrients

Pancreas

Controls the amount of

sugar in the bloodstream

Ovaries and testes

Responsible for

reproduction

Pituitary glands

Coordinates endocrine glands

and also produces growth hormone.

Project: measuring your own temperature

Human body temperatures vary due to an individual´s metabolism, the time of the day and the part of the body where we measure. Normal body temperatures range betwee 36,6º and 37.3º

- When you have a very high temperature, what does it mean?

  Data            

Time 2011.10.24            

8:00 36,2º            

22:00 37º