Unified Middleware for IoT Applications

Honbo Zhou

GM of Foton Telematics

Abstract Internet of Things applications are not new and can be

found in all industrial sectors. A four-pillar categorization is introduced for IoT applications based on their common characteristics such as technological origin, business background, and market value chain. IoT is about connectivity and integration, Middleware plays a crucial role for IoT applications, Middleware for all 4 pillar IoT categories are summarized in this presentation. A common IoT middleware architecture is proposed based on the speaker’s many years of industrial practices on building middleware products (the ezM2M IoT platform) for a variety of IoT applications as well as new developments in IoT standardization and cloud computing paradigms. Most of the contents of this presentation are from the speaker’s new IoT book to be published by Taylor & Francis group soon.

Outline

IoT: A Web 3.0 View

Ubiquitous IoT Applications

Four Pillars of IoT

DNA of The Internet of Things

Middleware and IoT

Data Standards for WoT

Unified WoT Frameworks

Cloud Computing

The Cloud of Things

Rise of the Machines

The Third Wave of ICT

Sensing China, M2M, WSAN, Smarter Planet，Digital Convergence, Pervasive Computing, Ambient Intelligence, Haptic and Ubiquitous Computing、X-internet, Building2.0，Smart Grid,…

Internet of Things is not (yet) a buzzword/cathphrease as in China and Europe, terms such as M2M, WSN, Smart Grid, Telematics, Telehealth, CPS, etc. are used instead.

IoT Related Terminologies

The Internet of Things provide means to access

and control two categories of ubiquitous and

uniquely identifiable devices: those that have

inherent intelligence and those that are externally

enabled, via all sorts of wired and/or wireless

communications in all kinds of networking

environments, supported by cloud computing

technologies with adequate security measures, to

achieve pervasive connectivity and grand integration

and to provide services such as monitoring,

locating, controlling, reporting, decision support,

and so on.

Defining IoT

Triple Nets/Webs for IoT

Web 3.0 and IoT

The Expansion of Software (Middleware)

Outline

IoT: A Web 3.0 View

Ubiquitous IoT Applications

Four Pillars of IoT

DNA of The Internet of Things

Middleware and IoT

Data Standards for WoT

Unified WoT Frameworks

Cloud Computing

The Cloud of Things

IoT Applies to All Industry Sectors

Vertical Applications

Example 1 of Vertical Applications

Example 2 of Vertical Applications

Vendors and Positions

Outline

IoT: A Web 3.0 View

Ubiquitous IoT Applications

Four Pillars of IoT

DNA of The Internet of Things

Middleware and IoT

Data Standards for WoT

Unified WoT Frameworks

Cloud Computing

The Cloud of Things

Four Pillars of IoT

Four Pillars and Networks Short-Range Wireless

Long-Range Wireless

Short-Range Wired

Long-Range Wired

RFID Yes Some No Some

WSN Yes Some No Some

M2M Some Yes No Some

SCADA Some Some Yes Yes

M2M

RFID

WSAN

SCADA(CPS)

Outline

IoT: A Web 3.0 View

Ubiquitous IoT Applications

Four Pillars of IoT

DNA of The Internet of Things

Middleware and IoT

Data Standards for WoT

Unified WoT Frameworks

Cloud Computing

The Cloud of Things

Horizontals vs. Verticals

Three Horizontal Layers

“Devices”And“Connect”

“Manage”Or “Applications”

Software, especially middleware, plays a very important role

Outline

IoT: A Web 3.0 View

Ubiquitous IoT Applications

Four Pillars of IoT

DNA of The Internet of Things

Middleware and IoT

Data Standards for WoT

Unified WoT Frameworks

Cloud Computing

The Cloud of Things

Middleware

M2M-Machine Type Communication

Middleware for SCADA

WSN Middleware

RFID Middleware/Edgeware

Outline

IoT: A Web 3.0 View

Ubiquitous IoT Applications

Four Pillars of IoT

DNA of The Internet of Things

Middleware and IoT

Data Standards for WoT

Unified WoT Frameworks

Cloud Computing

The Cloud of Things

Web of Things vs. Internet of Things

Protocols and Standards

Issues: Too many standards

Unified Standard?

Pipe Agnostic？ IoT Standards

Matrix © Zhou

Existing Data formats and Protocols Unified New IoT Standards

Goals Necessity Feasibility

Ap

plicatio

n L

ayer (M

)

Data Formats BITXML, EXDL, MDMP, M2MXML, NGTP, oBIX, oMIX, ONS/PML, OPC, SyncML, WMMP, etc.

Create a new, unified, open, cross-sector, usable data standards including formats, exchange protocols, processing and modeling frameworks.

High Enable easier integration and interoperability.

Medium Enhanced HTML and ebXML-like standards, hard to create a unified data format due to domain differences.

Software Framework ArchestrA, CoAP, DRM, ECF, ezM2M,

HYDRA, IDM, MDM, OSGi, PaaS, RESTful,

SaaS, Sedona, SOA, SODA, SOAP, etc.

Data standards compliant SaaS/PaaS 3-

tiered platform middleware, support new

paradigms such as DRM.

High

Enable easier

integration, new

MAI paradigm, etc.

High

Enhanced 3-tiered

Application Servers, OSGi

middleware for server-side

Tran

smissio

n L

ayer P

roto

cols (C

)

Wired

Lo

ng

Distan

ce

IP(TCP/UDP/HIP), IP over Everything/Everything over IP, Ethernet,

IPv6, ATM, Frame Relay, SDH, FDDI, Fiber Channel, ISDN, SS7,

PSTN, VPN, VoIP, Cable/xDSL, etc.

“3-network” convergence, all-IP

networks, IPv6 should be the leveraged

for IoT applications, existing networks

ok for most IoT applications.

Medium

MTC support

enhancements and

optimizations

Medium

It takes time for all-IP, IPv6

to prevail.

Wired

Sho

r

t Ran

ge

ANSI C12.18, AS-i, BACNet, CanBus, CC-Link, ControlNet, Dali,

DeviceNet, DF-1, DLMS/IEC 62056, Dupline, FF, FlexRay, HART,

HomePNA, IEC 61107, InterBus, LIN, LonWorks, KNX, ModBus,

MOST, MTConnect, P-Net, ProfiBus, SwiftNet, Vnet/IP, WorldFIP,

CC-Link, PLC, Industrial Ethernet, RS232, RS485, VAN, etc.

Ruggedness enhancements, few new

protocols are required, no need to re-

invent the wheel.

Low

Few or no new

protocols required.

Low

Few or no new protocols

required.

Wireless

Lo

ng

Distan

ce

2G: GSM, CDMA, etc.; 3G:WCDMA,EV-DO,HSUPA, EV-DOrA,

UMTS, etc.;

2.5G: GPRS, EDGE,HSCSD, etc.;

4G:EV-DOrB, LTE, WiMAX, UMB/UWB, TD-SCDMA, etc.

Satellite M2M, GPS, etc.

All-IP, Mobile IP, etc. helpful but not

required, MTC enhancements for low

bandwidth, low latency IoT applications,

backend BOSS system enhancements.

Medium

Dedicated packet

switch MTC

network helpful but

not required.

Medium

Few or no new protocols

required, optimization focus.

Wireless S

ho

rt

Ran

ge

Bluetooth, BSN, DECT, DSAH 7, EDACS, EnOcean, HyperLan,

HyperMAN, 6LoWPAN, HomeRF, HomeIR, InfiNET, Insteon, IrDA,

IRIG, ISA 100.11a, LMDS, NFC, OpenSky, OSIAN, RFID, TETRA,

TransferJet, WAVE, Wavenis, WiFi/WAPI, WirelessHART, Zigbee,

Z-Wave, etc.

Few new protocols required, focus

should be on embedded OS or

middleware, TinyOS, MagnetOS,

Contiki, Mantis, SINA, SensorWare, etc.

Medium

Enhancements on

embedded OS and

middleware.

Low

Few or no new protocols

needed, leverage existing

protocols.

Sen

sor L

ayer

(D)

TEDS/IEEE 1451, CBRN, TransducerML, SensorML, IRIG,

EXDL/CAP, AutomationML, OpenPLC XML, EDDL, FDT,

CANOpen, etc.

Optimized and minimized version of

application layer XML data standards,

supported by embedded OS and

middleware. Universal OSGi

middleware for device-side hardware.

High

Enable easier

integration and

interoperability

Medium

Minimized ebXML-like

standards, it’s hard to create a

unified standard due to small

footprint.

Outline

IoT: A Web 3.0 View

Ubiquitous IoT Applications

Four Pillars of IoT

DNA of The Internet of Things

Middleware and IoT

Data Standards for WoT

Unified WoT Frameworks

Cloud Computing

The Cloud of Things

OO and RO Programming

Sensor Web Framework

Unified Architecture for SCADA

FI-Ware and SODA

Multi-tiered IoT Middleware

ezM2M Middleware Framework

Towards a Unified WoT Framework?

Outline

IoT: A Web 3.0 View

Ubiquitous IoT Applications

Four Pillars of IoT

DNA of The Internet of Things

Middleware and IoT

Data Standards for WoT

Unified WoT Frameworks

Cloud Computing

The Cloud of Things

The Fusion of Grid and SOA

Cloud Middleware

NIST Cloud Definition

Panoramic View of Cloud&Players

Outline

IoT: A Web 3.0 View

Ubiquitous IoT Applications

Four Pillars of IoT

DNA of The Internet of Things

Middleware and IoT

Data Standards for WoT

Unified WoT Frameworks

Cloud Computing

The Cloud of Things

IoT and Cloud Computing

IoT + Cloud

XaaS (everyThing as a Service)

The Cloud of Things

Thanks! 谢谢！