CLASSIFICATION TOXICITY

EXTREMELY TOXIC < 1MG/KGHIGHLY TOXIC 1-50MG/KGMODERATELY TOXIC 50-500MG/KGSLIGHTLY TOXIC 0.5-5GM/KGPRACTICALLY NON TOXIC 5-15GM/KGRELATIVELY HARMLESS > 15GM/KG

Exremely and Highly toxic chemicals0 – 50 mg/kg range(taste 1 teaspoonful) mg/kg

Botulinus toxin 0.00001

Dioxin 0.1 Parathion 13.0 Strychnine 30.0 Nicotine 50.0

Moderately toxic chemicals50- - 500 mg/kg range(teaspoonful 1 ounce)mg/kg

Paraquat 95 Caffeine 200 Carbaryl 270 Malathion 370

Slightly toxic chemicals500 – 5,000 mg/kg range(1 ounce 1 pint) mg/kg

2,4-DP 532 Triclpoyr 630 Tebuthiuron 644 Dicamba 757

mg/kg Formaldehyde 800 Hexazinone 1,690 Asprin 1,700 Vitamin B3 1,700 Household bleach 2,000 Table salt 3,750 Glyphosate 4,320

etc.

1. Accidental toxicants

2. Suicidal toxicants

3. Homicidal toxicants

4. Stupefying toxicants

examples: Liquid bleach Methyl alcohol Tablets Contaminated food Animal bites such as: snake bite, wasp,

etc.,

Examples:ArsenicHydrogen cyanideOpiumOleanderPotassium cyanidePowderd glass

Examples: Arsenic Aconite Croton tiglium Opium Dhutoora Khuchla thallium

Examples: Chloroform Sulphuric acid Chloral hydrate Olax(fish stupefying) Dhatura Cannabis Ergot Chloral hydrate

1. Corrosive poisons or toxicants

2. Irritant poisons or toxicants

PROPERTIES:

Highly active Highly irritant Produce inflammation Ulceration Tissue and organ damage

MINERAL ACIDS e.g., HNO3 HCL H2SO4 ORGANIC ACID e.g., formic acid acetic acid

oxalic acid Hydrocyanic

acid CONC. ALKALIES e.g., caustic soda caustic potash

This is dilute form of corrosive poison.It act as an irritant.

It produces:-Irritation-Burning-Abdominal pain-Vomiting-Diarrhoea

NON-METALLICBromineIodine

chlorine Phosphorus

METALLICCopperLeadMercuryArsenic

VEGETABLECastor oil seedDhutura seedsCroton tiglium

ANIMALSnake venomInsect venom -Bees -Wasps -Ants

MECHANICALGlass Diamond (powdered form both)

1. neurotic toxicants

2. spinal cord toxicants

3. Peripheral nervous system toxicants

4. Cardiac poisons

5. Asphyxiants

6.hepatotoxicants alcohol,aflotoxins,carbon tetrachloride, bromobenzene 7.Nephrotoxicants Metals,chloroform

“Affects the central nervous system”

SOMNIFEROUS – induces sleep or sleep like conditions.

e.g., snake biteSnake venomOpium & it’s byproducts

INEBRANT - produces two sets of symptoms: i. excitement ii. Narcosis

e.g., alcohol methyl alcoholfuels

“Effects spinal cord”

Examples:- Belladona- Aconite- Dhatura

Examples:

Conium and CurareFrom conium Alkaloides are producedi.e.,

ConclineMethyl Concline

Examples:

Snake venom Bee venom Scorpion venom Oleander seeds Castor oil seeds Nicotine from tobacco Cocaine Aconite Cannabis sativa

Produce respiratory problems such as suffocation, lung problems, etc.,

CO2 CO Nitrous oxide WAR Gases

i. TEAR GASES or LACRIMOTOR

CAP (chloroacetophenone) BBC (bromobenzylcyanide)

ii. LUNG IRRITANTS

Chlorine gas Phosgene

iii. BLISTER GASES

Mustard gas DES- Dichloroethylsulphide

iv. VOMITING GAS

DPC- Diphenylchlorirosine

Plant origin Apple seeds Plum ,cherry ,almond(l&s) Oleander (leaves&branches) Potato(solanine&chocanine) Tomato(rutin&tomatin) Cannabis sativa Croton tiglium Daffodils Fox glove (leaves)

Oral Parenteral Crinotoxins

Saxitoxin (dinoflagellates) Saxitoxin (Fresh water mussels) Tetramine(whelk) (clupeotoxin)Thread herring

Tetramine (physalia) Cardiotoxin(sea wasp) Cephalotoxin(octopus) Melittin(hony bee) Formic acid(ant)

Cantharidin(blister beetles) samanine, samandarone(salamander) bufotoxin, bufogenins(toads) Batrachotoxin(tree frog)

Aflatoxins Ochratoxin Citrinin Ergotamine Patulin