Types of classification(1)
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Transcript of Types of classification(1)
CLASSIFICATION TOXICITY
EXTREMELY TOXIC < 1MG/KGHIGHLY TOXIC 1-50MG/KGMODERATELY TOXIC 50-500MG/KGSLIGHTLY TOXIC 0.5-5GM/KGPRACTICALLY NON TOXIC 5-15GM/KGRELATIVELY HARMLESS > 15GM/KG
Exremely and Highly toxic chemicals0 – 50 mg/kg range(taste 1 teaspoonful) mg/kg
Botulinus toxin 0.00001
Dioxin 0.1 Parathion 13.0 Strychnine 30.0 Nicotine 50.0
Moderately toxic chemicals50- - 500 mg/kg range(teaspoonful 1 ounce)mg/kg
Paraquat 95 Caffeine 200 Carbaryl 270 Malathion 370
Slightly toxic chemicals500 – 5,000 mg/kg range(1 ounce 1 pint) mg/kg
2,4-DP 532 Triclpoyr 630 Tebuthiuron 644 Dicamba 757
mg/kg Formaldehyde 800 Hexazinone 1,690 Asprin 1,700 Vitamin B3 1,700 Household bleach 2,000 Table salt 3,750 Glyphosate 4,320
etc.
1. Accidental toxicants
2. Suicidal toxicants
3. Homicidal toxicants
4. Stupefying toxicants
examples: Liquid bleach Methyl alcohol Tablets Contaminated food Animal bites such as: snake bite, wasp,
etc.,
Examples:ArsenicHydrogen cyanideOpiumOleanderPotassium cyanidePowderd glass
Examples: Arsenic Aconite Croton tiglium Opium Dhutoora Khuchla thallium
Examples: Chloroform Sulphuric acid Chloral hydrate Olax(fish stupefying) Dhatura Cannabis Ergot Chloral hydrate
1. Corrosive poisons or toxicants
2. Irritant poisons or toxicants
PROPERTIES:
Highly active Highly irritant Produce inflammation Ulceration Tissue and organ damage
MINERAL ACIDS e.g., HNO3 HCL H2SO4 ORGANIC ACID e.g., formic acid acetic acid
oxalic acid Hydrocyanic
acid CONC. ALKALIES e.g., caustic soda caustic potash
This is dilute form of corrosive poison.It act as an irritant.
It produces:-Irritation-Burning-Abdominal pain-Vomiting-Diarrhoea
NON-METALLICBromineIodine
chlorine Phosphorus
METALLICCopperLeadMercuryArsenic
VEGETABLECastor oil seedDhutura seedsCroton tiglium
ANIMALSnake venomInsect venom -Bees -Wasps -Ants
MECHANICALGlass Diamond (powdered form both)
1. neurotic toxicants
2. spinal cord toxicants
3. Peripheral nervous system toxicants
4. Cardiac poisons
5. Asphyxiants
6.hepatotoxicants alcohol,aflotoxins,carbon tetrachloride, bromobenzene 7.Nephrotoxicants Metals,chloroform
“Affects the central nervous system”
SOMNIFEROUS – induces sleep or sleep like conditions.
e.g., snake biteSnake venomOpium & it’s byproducts
INEBRANT - produces two sets of symptoms: i. excitement ii. Narcosis
e.g., alcohol methyl alcoholfuels
“Effects spinal cord”
Examples:- Belladona- Aconite- Dhatura
Examples:
Conium and CurareFrom conium Alkaloides are producedi.e.,
ConclineMethyl Concline
Examples:
Snake venom Bee venom Scorpion venom Oleander seeds Castor oil seeds Nicotine from tobacco Cocaine Aconite Cannabis sativa
Produce respiratory problems such as suffocation, lung problems, etc.,
CO2 CO Nitrous oxide WAR Gases
i. TEAR GASES or LACRIMOTOR
CAP (chloroacetophenone) BBC (bromobenzylcyanide)
ii. LUNG IRRITANTS
Chlorine gas Phosgene
iii. BLISTER GASES
Mustard gas DES- Dichloroethylsulphide
iv. VOMITING GAS
DPC- Diphenylchlorirosine
Plant origin Apple seeds Plum ,cherry ,almond(l&s) Oleander (leaves&branches) Potato(solanine&chocanine) Tomato(rutin&tomatin) Cannabis sativa Croton tiglium Daffodils Fox glove (leaves)
Oral Parenteral Crinotoxins
Saxitoxin (dinoflagellates) Saxitoxin (Fresh water mussels) Tetramine(whelk) (clupeotoxin)Thread herring
Tetramine (physalia) Cardiotoxin(sea wasp) Cephalotoxin(octopus) Melittin(hony bee) Formic acid(ant)
Cantharidin(blister beetles) samanine, samandarone(salamander) bufotoxin, bufogenins(toads) Batrachotoxin(tree frog)
Aflatoxins Ochratoxin Citrinin Ergotamine Patulin