Tunisia on Rails 2010

Richard Piacentini

Tunisia on Rails -15 Mai 2010

Thursday, May 20, 2010

Langage de Programmation

Langage de Programmation Framework Web

Langage de ProgrammationFramework Web

Framework Web ?

Ensemble de composants

Socle commun

Structure identique

Pourquoi utiliser un framework ?

Pour ne pas réinventer la roue

Pour imposer des normes...

... Et des bonnes pratiques !

Quels sont les gains ?

Productivité

Réutilisation

Économies d’échelle

Focalisation sur la valeur ajoutée

Les principes

DRY“Don’t repeat yourself !”“Don’t repeat yourself !”

DRY“Don’t repeat yourself !”

“Convention over configuration”

“Opinionated framework”

Les avantages

Ruby full-stack

MVCModel / View / Controller

Tests intégrés !

Écrivez des tests !

Écrivez des tests ! Écrivez des tests !

Écrivez des tests !Écrivez des tests !

Écrivez des tests !Écrivez des tests !Écrivez des tests !

Les composants

ActiveRecord

ActionView

ActionController

ActiveRecord

ActionView

ActionController

ActiveRecord

ActionView

ActionController

ActiveRecord

ActionView

ActionController

Controller

ActiveRecord

ActionView

ActionController

ActiveRecord

ActionView

ActionController

ViewController

ActionPack}Thursday, May 20, 2010

Exemple

http://paris.onrails.info/conferenciers

Exemple

Routage

http://paris.onrails.info/conferenciersRails

Exemple

Routage

Contrôleur “conferenciers”

Le système de routage trouve le contrôleur “conférenciers

Exemple

Routage

ModèleActiveRecord

Le système de routage trouve le contrôleur “conférenciersLe contrôleur interagit avec le modèle

Exemple

Routage

ModèleActiveRecord

Base de données

Exemple

Routage

ModèleActiveRecord

Affichage de la vue

Base de données

Le contrôleur invoque la vue

Exemple

Routage

ModèleActiveRecord

Affichage de la vue

Base de données

La vue assure le rendu du prochain écran du navigateur

Exemple

Routage

ModèleActiveRecord

Affichage de la vue

Base de données

La vue assure le rendu du prochain écran du navigateur

Exemple

ActiveRecord Model

• Connexion au SGBD

ActiveRecord Model

• Mapping Objet-Relationnel

ActiveRecord Model

• Gestion des relations entre les tables

ActiveRecord Model

• Gestion des relations entre les tables

• Plus de SQL à écrire

ActiveRecord Model

user = User.new

ActiveRecord Model

user = User.new SHOW FIELDS FROM `users`

ActiveRecord Model

user = User.new SHOW FIELDS FROM `users`user.name = "Richard Piacentini"user.company = "Nuxos"

ActiveRecord Model

user = User.new SHOW FIELDS FROM `users`user.name = "Richard Piacentini"user.company = "Nuxos"user.save

ActiveRecord Model

user = User.new SHOW FIELDS FROM ùsersùser.name = "Richard Piacentini"user.company = "Nuxos"user.save INSERT INTO ùsers` (`name`, `company`)

VALUES ('Richard Piacentini', 'Nuxos')

ActiveRecord Model

user = User.find_by_company("Nuxos")

ActiveRecord Model

user = User.find_by_company("Nuxos") SELECT * FROM `users`WHERE company = "Nuxos" LIMIT 1

ActiveRecord Model

user.destroy

ActiveRecord Model

user.destroy DELETE FROM `users` WHERE id = 2

ActiveRecord Model

• Classe <----> Table de la BD

ActiveRecord Model

• Objet <----> Enregistrement

ActiveRecord Model

• Objet <----> Enregistrement

• Attribut <----> Champ de la table

ActiveRecord Model

# fichier modèle app/models/user.rbclass User < ActiveRecord::Baseend

ActiveRecord Model

Classe <--> Table

ActiveRecord Model

id name company

1 Paul Durand Orange

2 Richard Piacentini Nuxos

Classe <--> Table

ActiveRecord Model

id name company

Classe <--> Table

ActiveRecord Model

id name company

Classe <--> Table

ActiveRecord Model

id name company

Classe <--> Table

Objet <--> Enregistrement

ActiveRecord Model

id name company

Classe <--> Table

user.name

ActiveRecord Model

id name company

Classe <--> Table

user.name

ActiveRecord Model

id name company

Classe <--> Table

user.name user.company

ActiveRecord Model

id name company

Classe <--> Table

ActiveRecord Model

id name company

Classe <--> Table

Attribut <--> Champ

ActiveRecord Model

• Nom de la clef primaire : id

ActiveRecord Model

• Nom des table de la BD en minuscules et au pluriel

ActiveRecord Model

• Nom des classes Ruby au singulier, casse mixte

ActiveRecord Model

• Nom des classes Ruby au singulier, casse mixte

• Fichiers modèles au singulier, en minuscules

ActiveRecord Model

user_invoices

user_id

amount

ActiveRecord Model

user_invoices

user_id

amount

• Table : user_invoices

ActiveRecord Model

user_invoices

user_id

amount

• Fichier modèle : app/models/user_invoice.rb

ActiveRecord Model

user_invoices

user_id

amount

• Classe Ruby : UserInvoice

ActiveRecord Model

user_invoices

user_id

amount

• Classe Ruby : UserInvoice

class UserInvoice < ActiveRecord::Baseend

ActionController Controller

•1 méthode publique = 1 action

• Gestion du routage

• Gestion des caches (page, action, fragment)

•1 action…

•1 action… • …Plusieurs formats de réponse

•1 action… • …Plusieurs formats de réponse # GET /users # GET /users.xml def index @users = Users.all

respond_to do |format| format.html # index.html.erb format.xml { render :xml => @users } end end

•GET /users

•GET /users.xml

ActionView View

• Séparation entre format et rendu

ActionView View

• Séparation entre format et rendu• HTML, Javascript, atom, iPhone

ActionView View

• Séparation entre format et rendu• HTML, Javascript, atom, iPhone• ERB, Builder, RJS

ActionView View

• Séparation entre format et rendu• HTML, Javascript, atom, iPhone• ERB, Builder, RJS• Gestion des layouts (gabarits)

ActionView View

• Séparation entre format et rendu• HTML, Javascript, atom, iPhone• ERB, Builder, RJS• Gestion des layouts (gabarits)• Fichiers partiels

ActionView View

• Séparation entre format et rendu• HTML, Javascript, atom, iPhone• ERB, Builder, RJS• Gestion des layouts (gabarits)• Fichiers partiels• Nombreux Helpers

ActionView View

•ERB : Embedded Ruby

ActionView View

• Fichier avec extension .html.erb

ActionView View

• Fichier avec extension .html.erb

• Accès aux variables d’instance du contrôleur

ActionView View

# code Ruby non affiché dans la page <% %><% @users.each |user| do %> # … ici code HTML ou Ruby<% end %>

ActionView View

# code Ruby *affiché* dans la page <%= %><%= link_to 'Edit', edit_user_path(user) %>

ActionView View

# code Ruby *affiché* dans la page <%= %><%= link_to 'Edit', edit_user_path(user) %>

Rails 3

Performance

Modularité

Sécurisé par défaut

Prêt pour HTML5

API publique

Nouveaux Validateurs

Nouveaux Validateurs# Rails 2class User < ActiveRecord::Base validates_presence_of :login, :email validates_length_of :login, :in => 3..20 validates_format_of :login, :with => /^[A-Z]\w+/i validates_uniqueness_of :email validates_length_of :email, :in => 5..100 validates_format_of :email, :with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/iend

# Rails 3class User < ActiveRecord::Base validates :login, :presence => true, :length => {:minimum => 3, :maximum => 20}, :format => {:with => /^[A-Z]\w+/i} validates :email, :presence => true, :length => {:minimum => 5, :maximum => 50}, :uniqueness => true, :format => {:with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/i} end

# Rails 2class User < ActiveRecord::Base validates_presence_of :login, :email validates_length_of :login, :in => 3..20 validates_format_of :login, :with => /^[A-Z]\w+/i validates_uniqueness_of :email validates_length_of :email, :in => 5..100 validates_format_of :email, :with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/iend

# Rails 3class User < ActiveRecord::Base validates :login, :presence => true, :length => {:minimum => 3, :maximum => 20}, :format => {:with => /^[A-Z]\w+/i} validates :email, :presence => true, :length => {:minimum => 5, :maximum => 50}, :uniqueness => true, :format => {:with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/i} end

# Rails 2class User < ActiveRecord::Base validates_presence_of :login, :email validates_length_of :login, :in => 3..20 validates_format_of :login, :with => /^[A-Z]\w+/i validates_uniqueness_of :email validates_length_of :email, :in => 5..100 validates_format_of :email, :with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/iend

Nouveaux Validateurs# Rails 3class User < ActiveRecord::Base validates :login, :presence => true, :length => {:minimum => 3, :maximum => 20}, :format => {:with => /^[A-Z]\w+/i} validates :email, :presence => true, :length => {:minimum => 5, :maximum => 50}, :uniqueness => true, :format => {:with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/i}end

:acceptance => Boolean:confirmation => Boolean:exclusion => { :in => Enumerable }:inclusion => { :in => Enumerable }:format => { :with => Regexp }:length => { :minimum => Fixnum, :maximum => Fixnum }:numericality => Boolean:presence => Boolean:uniqueness => Boolean

# Rails 3class User < ActiveRecord::Base validates :login, :presence => true, :length => {:minimum => 3, :maximum => 20}, :format => {:with => /^[A-Z]\w+/i} validates :email, :presence => true, :length => {:minimum => 5, :maximum => 50}, :uniqueness => true, :format => {:with => /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/i}end

ActiveModel

class Person attr_accessor :name

ActiveModel

include ActiveModel::Validations

ActiveModel

endvalidates :name, :presence => trueinclude ActiveModel::Validations

ActiveModel

endvalidates :name, :presence => true

p = Person.new

ActiveModel

p = Person.new

p.valid? # false

ActiveModel

p = Person.new

p.valid? # falsep.name = "Richard Piacentini"

ActiveModel

p = Person.new

p.valid? # falsep.name = "Richard Piacentini"p.valid? # true

ActiveRelation

• where• having• select• group• order• limit

• offset• joins• includes• lock• readonly• from

ActiveRelation

# Rails 2@users = User.find(:all, :conditions => { :active => true }

ActiveRelation

La requête est exécutée immédiatement dans la base de données

ActiveRelation

# Rails 3@users = User.where(:active => true)

ActiveRelation

Pas d’appel à la base de données

ActiveRelation

Pas d’appel à la base de donnéesActiveRecord::Relation

(lazy loading)

ActiveRelation

@users = User.order(:created_at).where(company: "Nuxos", active: true)# Rails 3

ActiveRelation

@users = User.order(:created_at).where(company: "Nuxos", active: true)

@users.class # => ActiveRecord::Relation

# Rails 3

ActiveRelation

@users = User.order(:created_at).where(company: "Nuxos", active: true)

@users.class # => ActiveRecord::Relation

@users.to_sql# => ‘SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE ("users"."company" = 'Nuxos') AND ("users"."active" = 't') ORDER BY created_at’

# Rails 3

ActiveRelation

@users = User.order(:created_at).where(company: "Nuxos", active: true)# Rails 3

@users = User.all(:conditions => ["company = ? AND active = ?", "Nuxos", true], :order => :created_at)

# Rails 2

Named Scopes ++

# Rails 2class User < ActiveRecord::Base named_scope :admin, :conditions => ["is_admin = ?", true] named_scope :activated, lambda { { :conditions => ["activated_at ≤ ?", Time.now] } }end

Named Scopes ++

# Rails 3class User < ActiveRecord::Base scope :admin, where("is_admin = ?", true) scope :activated, lambda { where("activated_at ≤ ?", Time.now) }end

Named Scopes ++

@admins = User.admin.activated # => retourne tous les admin activés

Named Scope ++

# Rails3class User < ActiveRecord::Base scope :admin, where("is_admin = ?", true) scope :activated, lambda { where("activated_at ≤ ?", Time.now) }

Named Scope ++

end scope :recent_admins, admin.activated.order("created_at DESC").limit(5)

Named Scope ++

@recent_admins = User.recent_admins

Les scripts

Rails 2

Les scriptsRails 3

Les scripts

alias r=‘rails’

Et aussi...

• Nouvelle API de routage

Et aussi...

• Nouvelle architecture d’ActionController

Et aussi...

• ActionMailer 3

Et aussi...

• ActionMailer 3

• Bundler

Et aussi...

• ActionMailer 3

• Bundler

• ...

Et aussi...

Bientôt…

Pourquoi Rails ?

Efficace

Tests intégrés !

Bonnes pratiques

Tests intégrés !

Nombreux plugins

Tests intégrés !

Et surtout...

Statistiques d’utilisation des version de RailsJanvier 2010

v2.3.432.6%

v2.3.221%

v2.3.514% v2.2.2

11%v2.3.3

3%Others

v2.3.4 v2.3.2v2.3.5 v2.2.2v2.3.3 v2.1.0v2.1.2 Others

Statistiques d’utilisation des version de RailsJanvier 2010

Statistiques d’utilisation des version de RubyJanvier 2010

v1.8.6 v1.9.1v1.8.7 v1.8.5

v1.8.663.5%

v1.9.11%

v1.8.732%

v1.8.53%

v1.8.6 v1.9.1v1.8.7 v1.8.5

v1.8.663.5%

v1.9.11%

v1.8.732%

v1.8.53%

v1.8.6 v1.9.1v1.8.7 v1.8.5

http://railslab.newrelic.com/2010/01/07/state-of-the-stack-a-ruby-on-rails-benchmarking-report-7-january-2010

Programming Ruby 1.9 The Ruby WayThe Well

Grounded RubyistRuby on Rails

4th editionDesign patterns en Ruby

Littérature

De Ruby ... Á Rails

Programming Ruby 1.9 The Ruby WayThe Well

Grounded RubyistRuby on Rails

4th editionDesign patterns en Ruby

Littérature

Merci :-)

Des questions ?

RessourcesRails Guides : http://guides.rubyonrails.org

Railscasts : http://railscasts.com

Scaling Rails : http://railslab.newrelic.com/scaling-rails

Peepcode : http://peepcode.com ($)

Railsfrance : http://www.railsfrance.org

Crédit images Flicker

http://www.flickr.com/photos/projekta8/2736962559/sizes/l/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/onkel_wart/4038437003/sizes/o/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/tiemposdelruido/4051814934/sizes/l/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/27889738@N07/3289774573/sizes/l/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/mworrell/266180687/sizes/o/in/photostream/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/teddybare/133488169/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/nomadiclass/4395155397/sizes/l/

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