Traumatic Brain Injury

Bell Ringer 10/21

•We are going to go over your notes and handout from yesterday.

•You will turn it in for a grade if you haven’t already!

Objective/Agenda

•Define, identify Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

•1. Go over bell ringer•2.Notes Traumatic Brain Injury•3. Reading case study: Phineas Gage (if not finished, then for homework)

What is Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?

Who is the typical person with TBI?•4:1 ratio, males to females•15 to 25 years of age•1.5 million brain injuries per year in US

•Alcohol is the leading risk factor

Two types of brain injury occur

•Closed brain injury: a fall or car crashes.

•Open brain injury: Being shot

What happens immediately after TBI:•Tissue damage•Bleeding/swelling•Loss of consciousness/coma•Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA)

Injured Brain

•Does not mend fully•Leads to problems in brainfunctioning

•Three levels of ‘severity’:•Mild, Moderate, Severe Injury: depends on tissue damage

Recovery

•A multi-stage process•Continues for years•Differs for each person

What is the Long-term Impact of a Moderate or

Severe TBI in the Person’s Functioning?

Long Term Impact, Areas affected: Cognitive functions

•Attention•Concentration/Confusion•Memory

Areas affected: Sensory/perceptual functions•Vision•Hearing•Smell

•Taste•Touch•Balance

Physical Changes

•Physical paralysis•Chronic pain•Control of bowel and bladder•Sleep disorders•Appetite changes•People with TBI may also experience seizures

Social-emotional

•Irritability•Aggression•Depression

Mild TBI– what it is•Lesser levels of brain damage•Brief or no loss of consciousness

•Often referred to as ‘concussion’

Symptoms of mild TBI

•Symptoms/ areas affected will not be as bad as those with severe or moderate

How can you prevent it?

•How do you think you can prevent TBI???

Case Study: Phineas Gage