The role of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2 ) in chronic periodontitis

Speaker: Yeh Feng-wei Tutor: Chirag Sheth

What is the function of MMPs in our body?

• Matrix metalloproteinase is like a worker also the body guard.

• When our bodies get into some trouble, they will call the security to resist the foreign enemy.

MMPs

• MMPs are proteases which are found in combination with Zn2+metal ions.

• They are capable of degrading all types of extracellular matrix proteins, but also can process a number of bioactive molecules (such as;fibrocartilage degradation).

MMP-2

• MMP-2– is present on the cartilage and in synovial

fluid – is a gelatinase–MMP-2 allows living organisms to hydrolyse

gelatin into its sub-components (polypeptides, peptides and amino acids).

How can we analyze MMP-2 expression?

• You can detect MMP-2 by – Immunostaining: A positive signal was observed

in the cytoplasm of chondrocytes and in their surrounding matrix.

– ELISA– 2D electrophoresis

Periodontitis

• Is a severe inflammation of human periodontal tissue caused by bacterial plaque accumulation.

• It’s classified by different Progression

Chronic periodontitis• A common, painless, slow progressing disease, characterized by specific clinical

features: § Gingival inflammation

§ Bleeding on probing (BOP)§ Loss of clinical attachment§ Loss of alveolar bone§ Periodontal pocket (>3mm)

• Variable features include:§ Gingival enlargement§ Gingival recession § Root furcation involvement§ Tooth drifting § Tooth exfoliation§ Tooth mobility

Classification

Chronic periodontitis is classified according to :• Extension• Severity

1. Initial chronic periodontitis2. Moderate chronic periodontitis3. Advanced chronic periodontitis

Initial chronic periodontitis

• Probing depths: – 4-5mm

• Radiographic bone loss:– < 1/3 of the tooth length

• No furcation involvement • Minimum mobility in unirradicular teeth.

Moderate chronic periodontitis

• Probing depths:– 5-6mm

• Radiographic bone loss:– 1/3 - 2/3 of the root's length

• Furcation involvement• Important mobility in unirradicular teeth and

minimum in molars.

Advanced chronic periodontitis

• Probing depths:– >6mm

• Radiographic bone loss:– >2/3 of the root's length.

• Important furcation involvement• Important mobility in unirradicular and

multirradicular teeth.

Possible role of MMP-2 in Chronic Periodontitis?

• MMP-2 is present in the synovial fluid junction (periodontal ligament) and cartilage, and degrades protein and collagen fibers.

• Chronic periodontitis symptoms include– inflammation caused by MMP-2, MMP-8 AND MMP-9– tooth mobility caused by MMP-8 and MMP-9

• Due to the gelatinase function of MMP-2, we hypothesize that MMP-2 may also be associated with tooth mobility caused by periodontitis

Smoking and Periodontitis

• Smoking is one of the most common forms of recreational drug use.

• Tobacco smoking is today by far the most popular form of smoking and is practiced by over one billion people in the majority of all human societies.

Smoking and Periodontitis

• Smoking is one of the main modifiable risk factors for chronic periodontitis.– Smokers tend to have poorer periodontal health and a poor

response to periodontal treatment.– Approximately half as much improvement following surgical or

non-surgical therapy.– Surgical therapy is used by tetracycline or doxycycline with

root planning surgery treatment.• Tetracycline or doxycycline can inhibit MMPs to decrease

inflammation of periodontal tissue, functioning as tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP).

Conclusions• They are capable of degrading all types of

extracellular matrix proteins.• Due to the gelatinase function of MMP-2, we

hypothesize that MMP-2 may also be associated with tooth mobility caused by periodontitis.

• Smoking is one of the main modifiable risk factors for chronic periodontitis.

• Tetracycline or doxycycline can inhibit MMPs to decrease inflammation of periodontal tissue, functioning as tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP).

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