Transcript of The Reception of English Literature in Kabuki Theatre in the...
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100 2020 TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN STUDIES, AREA AND CULTURE
STUDIES 100 (2020)
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The Reception of English Literature in Kabuki Theatre in the Meiji
Period: Edward Bulwer-Lytton and
Kawatake Mokuami
1. 2. 3. 4.
Key Words: Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Kawatake Mokuami, satire, black
humour
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ja
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Suzuki Akira The Reception of English Literature in Kabuki Theatre
in the Meiji Period: Edward Bulwer-Lytton and Kawatake
Mokuami
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Studying the historical process by which English literary works
have been translated or
adapted in Japan and have become widely accepted by the general
public (or readership) could
be an important research theme. In order to explore this theme more
exhaustively in future, it is
necessary to invetigate the individual works in greater detail. A
good starting point is the work of
Edward Bulwer-Lytton. The fi rst English literary work to be
translated in Japan during the Meiji
era was the novels of Edward Bulwer-Lytton, and also the fi rst
staged adaptation was a play by
Bulwer-Lytton, Money (1840).
Kawatake Mokuami was the very person who adapted Bulwer-Lytton’s
play as Ningen Banji
Kane no Yo no Naka (Men Live in the World Where Money is All). One
can easily assume that
Mokuami, who had already made a name for himself as the most
important Kabuki playwright
during the last years of the Tokugawa shogunate, couldn’t avoid
being labeled conventional or
old-fashioned in the age of civilization and enlightenment. For
him, what was the meaning of the
audacious challenge to cope with the unknown, extremely alien
subject from the context of for-
eign literature? Focusing on the new possibilities Mokuami’s new
attempt made him to bring to a
uniquely Japanese form of theatre based on traditions and customs,
we try to compare Mokuami’s
work with the original play.
Bulwer-Lytton’s work sets its sights on the upper classes of the
nineteenth century and takes
a copmprehensive view of the social, political, and economic
concerns of contemporary people.
Mokuami, on the other hand, vividly depicts people who are obsessed
with money making. They
can take pride in the fact that they embody the values of the new
era. There is even a kind of
cheerfulness in the way people live their lives without a hint of
guilt or shame.
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29) Bulwer 2001: 15, 1. 400
Bulwer 2001: 7,
1. 79
30)
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Bulwer 2001: 46, 3. 3. 97
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36) Bulwer
2001: 8, 1. 139 Bulwer
2001: 7, 1. 80
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[deadly] 39)
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1966: 280
45)
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5. 3. 323
“Congenial tempers”
1) Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Ernest Maltravers (London: George
Routledge and Sons, 1837).
2) Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Alice, or the Mysteries (London: George
Routledge and Sons, 1838).
3)
4) Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Money (1840). Klaus Stierstorfer (ed.),
London Assurance and
Other Vicorian Comedies (Oxford and New York: Oxford University
Press, 2001)
5
6)
7)
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8)
Cf. 1996: 55.
9)
10) 1935: 11.
11) 1933: 252.
Cf. 1933: 266-67.
12)
16) 1935: 19.
17) 1935: 92.
19) 1966: 388.
23)
1995: 27.
24)
25)
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1933: 242-46. Cf. Brandon
2003: 10.
27)
1966: 283
28) “Bart., Knight of the Guelph; F.R.S., F.S.A.” Cf. Stierstorfer
2001: 290.
29)
31) Cf. De Smet 1996: 23-32.
32)
33)
34)
37) Cf.
Stierstorfer 2001: 304.
39)
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Bivona, Daniel, and Marlene Tromp, eds. 2016. Culture and Money in
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Brandon, James R., and Samuel L. Leier, eds. 2003. Kabuki Plays on
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Bulwer-Lytton, Edward. 1882. Bulwer’s Works, Vo. IX: Dramatic Works
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. 2001. Money. In London Assurance and Other Vicorian Comedies.
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De Smet, Ingrid A. R. 1996. Menippean Satire and the Republic of
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Powell, Brian W. F. 2002. “Theatre Cultures in Contact: Britain and
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Perspectives. Ed. Gordon Daniels and
Chushichi Tsuzuki. Basingstoke: Palgrave and Macmillan.
Powell, Kerry, ed. 2004. The Cambrdge Companion to Victorian and
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University Press.
Shakespeare, William. 1988. The Complete Works. Ed. Stanley Wells
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Stierstorfer, Klaus. 2001. “Introduction,” and “Explanatory Notes.”
In London Assurance and Other Vicorian Com-
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Oxford and New York: Oxford University
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1966
1986
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1896
2004
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2012