Post on 01-Sep-2019
PowerPoint® Lecture Slides
prepared by
Karen Dunbar Kareiva
Ivy Tech Community College© Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images
Chapter 10 Part D
The Muscular
System
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.14: Muscles Crossing the Hip and
Knee Joints: Movements of the Thigh and
Leg
• Grouped according to anterior, medial, or
posterior
• Most anterior muscles flex femur at hip, extend
leg at knee (foreswing of walking)
• Most posterior muscles extend thigh, flex leg
(backswing of walking)
• Medial muscles all adduct thigh
• All three groups enclosed by fascia lata
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.14: Muscles Crossing the Hip and
Knee Joints: Movements of the Thigh and
Leg (cont.)
• Include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction,
circumduction, and rotation
• Thigh flexors pass in front of hip joint
– Iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas major): prime
mover of flexion
– Tensor fasciae latae
– Rectus femoris
– Assisted by medial adductors and sartorius
• Thigh extensors
– Hamstring muscles: prime movers of extension© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.14-1 Muscles Crossing the Hip and Knee Joints: Movements of the Thigh and Leg
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.20a Anterior and medial muscles promoting movements of the thigh and leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Psoas minor
Iliac crest
Psoas majorIliopsoas
12th rib
Quadratus lumborum
Iliacus
Anterior superior iliac spine
Tensor fascia lata
Pectineus
Sartorius
• Vastus lateralis
• Vastus medialis
Adductor magnus
Patella
Adductor longus
Gracilis
5th lumbarvertebra
12th thoracicvertebra
Tendon of quadriceps femoris
Patellarligament
Quadriceps femoris• Rectus femoris
Table 10.14: Muscles Crossing the Hip and
Knee Joints: Movements of the Thigh and
Leg (cont.)
• Adductors (also medially rotate thigh) are used
in movements that press thighs together
• Overstretched thigh muscles are referred to as
“pulled groin”
– Adductor magnus
– Adductor longus
– Adductor brevis
– Pectineus
– Gracilis
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.14-2 Muscles Crossing the Hip and Knee Joints: Movements of the Thigh and Leg (continued)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.20b Anterior and medial muscles promoting movements of the thigh and leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Femur
Adductorbrevis
Pectineus(cut)
Adductorlongus
Adductormagnus
O = origin
I = insertion
O O
I
I
I
I
Table 10.14: Muscles Crossing the Hip and
Knee Joints: Movements of the Thigh and
Leg (cont.)
• Quadriceps femoris arises from four separate
heads that form the flesh of front and side of
thigh
• All insert into the quadriceps tendon, which then
inserts into the patella, and then via patellar
ligament, into the tibial tuberosity
• Powerful knee extensor
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.14-3 Muscles Crossing the Hip and Knee Joints: Movements of the Thigh and Leg (continued)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.20a Anterior and medial muscles promoting movements of the thigh and leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Psoas minor
Iliac crest
Psoas majorIliopsoas
12th rib
Quadratus lumborum
Iliacus
Anterior superior iliac spine
Tensor fascia lata
Pectineus
Sartorius
• Vastus lateralis
• Vastus medialis
Adductor magnus
Patella
Adductor longus
Gracilis
5th lumbarvertebra
12th thoracicvertebra
Tendon of quadriceps femoris
Patellarligament
Quadriceps femoris• Rectus femoris
Figure 10.20c Anterior and medial muscles promoting movements of the thigh and leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Patella
Vastuslateralis
Vastusintermedius
Vastusmedialis
Patellarligament
Rectus femoristendon (cut)
O
Table 10.14: Muscles Crossing the Hip and
Knee Joints: Movements of the Thigh and
Leg (cont.)
• Abductors and lateral rotators
– Gluteus maximus (also laterally rotates thigh)
– Gluteus medius (also medially rotates thigh)
– Gluteus minimus (also medially rotates thigh)
– Piriformis (also laterally rotates thigh)
– Obturator externus (also laterally rotates thigh)
– Obturator internus (also laterally rotates thigh)
– Gemellus (also laterally rotates thigh)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.14-4 Muscles Crossing the Hip and Knee Joints: Movements of the Thigh and Leg (continued)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.21a Posterior muscles of the right hip and thigh.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Gluteus medius
Long head
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Hamstrings
Short headBicepsfemoris
Iliotibialtract
Adductormagnus
Gracilis
Gluteusmaximus
Figure 10.21b Posterior muscles of the right hip and thigh.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Gluteusmedius
Externaloblique
Iliaccrest
Mediansacralcrest(of sacrum)
Gluteusmaximus
Iliotibialtract
Lumbarfascia
Adductormagnus
Gracilis
Bicepsfemoris
SemitendinosusSemimembranosus
Table 10.14-5 Muscles Crossing the Hip and Knee Joints: Movements of the Thigh and Leg (continued)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.21c Posterior muscles of the right hip and thigh.
Superiorgemellus
Obturatorinternus
Inferiorgemellus
Gluteus minimus
Obturatorexternus
Piriformis
Quadratusfemoris
Gluteusmaximus(cut)
Gluteus medius(cut)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.21d Posterior muscles of the right hip and thigh.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Obturatorexternus
Table 10.14: Muscles Crossing the Hip and
Knee Joints: Movements of the Thigh and
Leg (cont.)
• Hamstrings are fleshy muscles of posterior thigh
• Cross both the hip and knee joints
• Are prime movers of thigh extension and knee
flexion
• Innervated by sciatic nerve
• “Pulled hamstring” is a common sports injury
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.14-6 Muscles Crossing the Hip and Knee Joints: Movements of the Thigh and Leg (continued)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.21a Posterior muscles of the right hip and thigh.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Gluteus medius
Long head
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Hamstrings
Short headBicepsfemoris
Iliotibialtract
Adductormagnus
Gracilis
Gluteusmaximus
Figure 10.21b Posterior muscles of the right hip and thigh.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Gluteusmedius
Externaloblique
Iliaccrest
Mediansacralcrest(of sacrum)
Gluteusmaximus
Iliotibialtract
Lumbarfascia
Adductormagnus
Gracilis
Bicepsfemoris
SemitendinosusSemimembranosus
Table 10.15: Muscles of the Leg: Movements
of the Ankle and Toes
• Deep fascia of leg is continuous with fascia lata
• Segregates leg into three compartments:
anterior, lateral, and posterior
• Fascia thickens distally; forms flexor, extensor,
and fibular retinacula
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.15: Muscles of the Leg: Movements
of the Ankle and Toes (cont.)
• Various leg muscles produce the following
movements
– Ankle: dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
– Intertarsal joints: inversion and eversion of the
foot
– Toes: flexion and extension
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.15: Muscles of the Leg: Movements
of the Ankle and Toes (cont.)
• Muscles of anterior compartment
– Primary toe extensors and ankle dorsiflexors
• Tibialis anterior
• Extensor digitorum longus
• Fibularis tertius (not always present)
• Extensor hallucis longus
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.22a Muscles of the anterior compartment of the right leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Gastrocnemius
Fibularis longus
Tibia
Tibialis anterior
Soleus
Fibularis tertius
Extensor hallucisbrevis
Extensor digitorumlongus
Extensor hallucislongus
Superior and inferiorextensor retinacula
Extensor digitorumbrevis
Figure 10.22b Muscles of the anterior compartment of the right leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
O
Tibialisanterior
I
Figure 10.22c Muscles of the anterior compartment of the right leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
O
O
I
I
Fibularistertius
Extensorhallucislongus
Figure 10.22d Muscles of the anterior compartment of the right leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
O = origin
O
I = insertion
Extensordigitorumlongus
I
Table 10.15: Muscles of the Leg: Movements
of the Ankle and Toes (cont.)
• Muscles of the lateral compartment of
the leg
– Plantar flexion and eversion of the foot; stabilize
lateral ankle and lateral longitudinal arch of foot
– Fibularis longus
– Fibularis brevis
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.15-2 Muscles of the Leg: Movements of the Ankle and Toes (continued)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.23a Muscles of the lateral compartment of the right leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Fibularislongus
Extensordigitorumlongus
Tibialisanterior
Extensor hallucislongus
Fibularis tertius
Fibularisbrevis
Flexorhallucislongus
Patella
Head of fibula
Superior and inferiorextensor retinacula
Extensor hallucisbrevis
Extensor digitorumbrevis
Metatarsal V
Fibularretinaculum
Lateralmalleolus
Figure 10.23b Muscles of the lateral compartment of the right leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
I = insertionO = origin
Fibularislongus
I
O
Tendon offibularis longus
Figure 10.23c Muscles of the lateral compartment of the right leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
I = insertionO = origin
I
O
Fibularisbrevis
Table 10.15: Muscles of the Leg: Movements
of the Ankle and Toes (cont.)
• Muscles of the posterior compartment of the
leg
– Act to plantar flex the ankle
– All are innervated by tibial nerve
– Divided into:
• Superficial muscles
• Deep muscles
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.15-3 Muscles of the Leg: Movements of the Ankle and Toes (continued)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.24a Muscles of the posterior compartment of the right leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Medialhead
Plantaris
Lateralhead
Tendon ofgastrocnemius
Gastroc-nemius
Calcanealtendon
Medialmalleolus Lateral
malleolus
Calcaneus
Superficial view of the posterior leg.
Figure 10.24b Muscles of the posterior compartment of the right leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Gastroc-nemius
Plantaris
Popliteus
Lateralhead(cut)
Medialhead(cut)
Tendon ofplantaris
Soleus
Fibularislongus
Fibularisbrevis
Tendon oftibialisposterior
Head offibula
The gastrocnemius has been removed to show the soleusimmediately deep to it.
Table 10.15-4 Muscles of the Leg: Movements of the Ankle and Toes (continued)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.24c Muscles of the posterior compartment of the right leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Flexor hallucislongus
Fibularis brevis
Flexordigitorumlongus
Gastroc-nemiusmedial head(cut)
Fibularislongus
Fibula
Tibialis posterior
Soleus (cut)
Popliteus
Plantaris (cut)
Gastrocnemiuslateral head (cut)
Tendon oftibialis posterior
Medialmalleolus
Calcanealtendon (cut)
Calcaneus
The triceps surae has been removed to show thedeep muscles of the posterior compartment.
Figure 10.24d Muscles of the posterior compartment of the right leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Tibialisposterior
I = insertionO = origin
Isolated tibialisposterior.
O
I
Figure 10.24e Muscles of the posterior compartment of the right leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Flexordigitorumlongus
I = insertionO = origin
Isolated flexordigitorum longus.
O
I
Figure 10.24f Muscles of the posterior compartment of the right leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
I = insertionO = origin
Popliteus
Flexorhallucislongus
Isolatedpopliteus andflexor hallucislongus.
O
O
I
I
Table 10.16: Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot:
Toe Movement and Arch Support
• Muscles that flex, extend, abduct, and adduct
toes
• Support arches of foot; some leg tendons assist
• Extensor digitorum brevis: dorsal foot muscle;
helps extend toes
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.16-1 Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot: Toe Movement and Arch Support
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.16: Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot:
Toe Movement and Arch Support (cont.)
• Four layers of plantar muscles
– Superficial
– Second layer
– Third layer
– Deepest layer
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.16-1 Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot: Toe Movement and Arch Support
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.25a Muscles of the right foot, plantar aspect.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Abductor hallucis
Tendon offlexor hallucis longus
Lumbricals
Flexor hallucisbrevis
Flexor digitiminimi brevis
Flexor digitorumbrevis
Abductor digitiminimi
Flexor accessorius
Calcanealtuberosity
First layer (plantar aspect)
Table 10.16-1 Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot: Toe Movement and Arch Support
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.25b Muscles of the right foot, plantar aspect.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Second layer (plantar aspect)
Lumbricals
Flexor hallucisbrevis
Flexor hallucislongus tendon
Flexor digitorumlongus (tendon)
Flexor digitiminimi brevis
Abductor digitiminimi
Flexor accessorius
Fibularis longus (tendon)
Flexor digitorumlongus (tendon)
Flexor hallucislongus (tendon)
Table 10.16-2 Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot: Toe Movement and Arch Support (continued)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.25c Muscles of the right foot, plantar aspect.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Adductor hallucis(transverse head)
Adductor hallucis(oblique head)
Interosseousmuscles
Flexor hallucisbrevis
Flexor digitiminimi brevis
Fibularis longus (tendon)
Flexor accessorius
Flexor digitorumlongus (tendon)
Flexor hallucislongus (tendon)
Third layer (plantar aspect)
Table 10.16-2 Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot: Toe Movement and Arch Support (continued)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.25d Muscles of the right foot, plantar aspect.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Fourth layer (plantar aspect):plantar interossei
Plantarinterossei
Figure 10.25e Muscles of the right foot, plantar aspect.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Fourth layer (dorsal aspect):dorsal interossei
Dorsalinterossei
Table 10.17: Summary: Actions of Muscles
Acting on the Thigh, Leg, and Foot
• Summary of Tables 10.14 through 10.16
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.17-1 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Thigh, Leg, and Foot
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.17-2 Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Thigh, Leg, and Foot (continued)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.26a Summary: Actions of muscles of the thigh and leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Adductors Hamstrings
Vastuslateralis
Femur
Vastusintermedius
Rectus femorisVastus medialis
Posterior compartment of thigh
(flexes leg and extends thigh); innervated by tibialnerve (portion of sciatic nerve)
Medial compartment of thigh
(adducts thigh); innervated by obturator nerveAnterior compartment of thigh
(extends leg); innervated by femoral nerve
Key:
Posteriorcompartmentmuscles
Anteriorcompartmentmuscles
Medialcompartmentmuscles of thigh and lateralcompartmentmuscles of leg Muscles of the thigh
Figure 10.26b Summary: Actions of muscles of the thigh and leg.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key:
Posteriorcompartmentmuscles
Anteriorcompartmentmuscles
Medialcompartmentmuscles of thigh and lateralcompartmentmuscles of leg
Fibula
Fibularismuscles
Triceps surae
Tibialisanterior
TibiaLateral compartment of leg(plantar flexes and everts foot);innervated by superficialfibular nerve
Posterior compartment of leg(plantar flexes foot, flexes toes);innervated by tibial nerve
Anterior compartment of leg(dorsiflexes foot, extends toes);innervated by deep fibular nerve
Muscles of the leg
A&P Flix™: Actions of the Muscles of the
Anterior Compartment of the Leg
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
A&P Flix™: Actions of the Muscles of the
Lateral Compartment of the Leg
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.