Post on 03-Jan-2016
The muscles of limbs
四 肢 肌
The muscles of upper limb 上肢肌
The muscles of upper limb are divided into:
The muscles of
shoulder
arm
forearm
hand
Deltoid 三角肌Supraspinatus 冈上肌Infraspinatus 冈下肌Teres minor 小圆肌Teres major 大圆肌Subscapularis 肩胛下肌
Muscles of shoulder 肩肌
Deltoid 三角肌 Origin: lateral third of clavi
cle, acromion, and spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: abducts the arm; anterior part may flexes and medically rotates the arm and the posterior part extends and laterally rotates arm
Muscles of shoulder 肩肌
Teres major 大圆肌 Origin: dorsal surface of
inferior angle of scapula Insertion: crest of lesser
tubercle of humerus Action: medially rotates
and adducts arm
Muscles of shoulder 肩肌
Antererior group
Biceps brachii 肱二头肌
Coracobrachialis 喙肱肌
Brachialis 肱肌
Muscles of arm 臂肌
Biceps brachii 肱二头肌 Origin: long head, suprag
lenoid tubercle; short head, coracoid process
Insertion: radical tuberosity
Action: supinator of forearm, flexor of elbow joint, weak flexor of should joint
Posterior group:
Triceps brachii 肱三头肌 Origin: long head, infraglenoid tub
ercle; lateral head, above groove for radical n., medical head, below groove for radical n.
Insertion: olecranon of ulna Action: extends elbow joint), long
head can extend and adduct shoulder joint
Muscles of arm 臂肌
Muscles of forearm 前臂肌
Superficial layer Brachioradialis 肱桡肌 Pronator teres 旋前圆肌 Flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈
肌 Palmaris longus 掌长肌 Flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈
肌
Anterior group (9)
Pronator teres 旋前圆肌
Origin: medical epicondyle of humerus and deep fascia of forearm
Insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius
Action:
pronation of forearm
Second layer - flexor digitorum superficials
指浅屈肌
Third layer Flexor digitorum prof
undus 指深屈肌 Flexor pollicis longus
拇长屈肌 Fourth layer - pron
ator quadratus 旋前方肌
Action: flex radiocarpal joint and fingers, pronate forearm
Extensor carpi radialis longus 桡侧腕长伸肌
Extensor carpi radialis brevis 桡侧腕短伸肌
Extensor digitorum 指伸肌
Extensor digiti minimi 小指伸肌
Extensor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕伸肌
Posterior group (10)
Superficial layer (5)
Supinator 旋后肌 Abductor pollicis longus
拇长展肌 Extensor pollicis brevis
拇短伸肌 Extensor pollicis longus
拇长伸肌 Extensor indicis
示指伸肌 Action: extend radiocapra
l joint and fingers, and supinate forearm
Deep layer (5)
Supinator Origin: lateral epicondy
le of humerus and upper part of lateral border of ulna
Insertion: upper third of anterior surface of radius
Action: supination of forearm
Lateral group - thenar 鱼际
Abductor pollicis brevis
拇短展肌 Flexor pollicis brevis
拇短屈肌 Opponens pollicis
拇对掌肌 Adductor pollicis
拇收肌
Action: flex, abduct, adduct and oppose thumb
Muscles of hand
Medial group - hypothenar Abductor digiti minimi
小指展肌 Flexor digiti minimi brevis
小指短屈肌 Opponens digiti minimi
小指对掌肌
Action: flex, abduct , and oppose little finger
Muscles of hand
Lumbricales 蚓状肌 (4) - flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints
Palmar interossei 骨间掌侧肌 (3) - adduct fingers towards middle finger
Dorsal interossei 骨间背侧肌 (3) - abduct fingers away from middle finger
Intermedial group
The muscles of lower limb 下肢肌
The muscles of lower limb are divided into:
The muscles of
HipThighLegfoot
一、 The muscles of Hip 髋肌(一) Anterior group1 、 Iliopsoas 髂腰肌
Psoas major 腰大肌 起自椎体侧面和横突
Iliacus 髂肌 起自髂窝
Action : flexes the thigh and rotate thigh laterally 。
下肢固定时,可使躯干和骨盆前屈。
腰大肌髂
肌
2 、 tensor fasciae latae 阔筋膜张肌 : 使阔筋膜紧张并屈髋。
阔筋膜张肌
止于股骨小转子 lesser trochanter
(二) posterior group1 、 Gluteus Maximus 臀大肌 Action : extend the thigh and rotate the thigh laterally 使大腿后伸和外旋2 、 Piriformis 梨状肌 Action : rotate and abduct the thigh laterally 外旋外展大腿
Piriformis
Piriformis
piriformis
Gluteus medius
Gluteas minimus
Obturator inernus
Quadratus femoris
Gluteus medius 臀中肌
Gluteus minimus 臀小肌 Action : abdut the thigh
外展大腿
rotate thigh laterally
Obturator internus闭孔内肌
Quadratus femoris股方肌
Obturator externus闭孔外肌
二、 The muscles of thigh 大腿肌(一) Anterior group
1 、 Sartorius 缝匠肌
Action : flexes the thigh and the leg , When the knee is flexed, it medially rotates the leg.
2 、 Quadriceps Femoris
股四头肌 Rectus femoris 股直肌 Vastue lateralis 股外侧肌 Vastus medialis 股内侧肌 Vastus untermedius 股中间肌
缝匠肌
股直肌
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: the upper part of the medial surface of the tibia
二、 The muscles of thigh 大腿肌2 、 Quadriceps Femoris
股四头肌
Action : extend the leg ;
rectus femoris also flexes the thigh
屈大腿作用
股直肌
Origin:
Rectus femoris: anterior inferior iliac spine
Vastus medialis: medial lip of linea aspera
Vastus lateralis: lateral lip of linea aspera
Vastus intermedius: anterior surface of femur
Insertion:
tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Adductor longus 长收肌
Pectineus m. 耻骨肌
Gracilis m. 股薄肌Addcor magnus
大收肌
Adductor bravis 短收肌
(二) Medial group
Adduct and rotate the thigh laterally
耻骨、股薄、三收肌
(三) posterior group1 、 Biceps Femoris 股二头肌
Action : extend the thigh and flexes the leg 伸大腿 ,屈小腿,可使小腿稍旋外,
2 、 Semitendinosus 半腱肌
3 、 Semimembranosus 半膜肌
Action : extend the thigh and flexes the leg 伸大腿 ,屈小腿,,使小腿稍旋内
股二头肌
半腱、半膜、股二头
半膜肌
三、 The muscles of leg 小腿肌
(一) Anterior group
前群
Extensor digitorum longus 趾长伸肌
extend 2-5 toes
Action of anterior group : Dorsiflex of ankle joint
Tibialis anterior胫骨前肌Invert the foot使足内翻
Extensor hallucis longus 拇长伸肌
extend the big toes 伸拇趾
三、 The muscles of leg 小腿肌
(二) lateral group
Peroneus longus 腓骨长肌
Peroneus brevis腓骨短肌
Action : plan
tar flexes the
ankle and the
eversion of fo
ot
跖屈踝关节,并使足外翻。
(三) The posterior group 后群肌
1 、 Superficial layer
Triceps surae 小腿三头肌
Soleus 比目鱼肌
Gastrocnemius 腓肠肌
Action : plantar flexe the ankle , Gastrocnemius also flex the leg
Tendo calcaneus 跟腱
Gastrocnemius 腓肠肌 Soleus 比目鱼肌
1 、 deep layer: consists of 4 muscles.
Popliteus 腘 肌 Action: flex leg and rotate the leg medially
Flexor hallucis longus 拇长屈肌
Action: plantarflex ankle joint and flexes the big toe
Flexor digitorum longus 趾长屈肌 Action: flexes lateral four toes, plantarflexes foot
Tibialis posterior 胫骨后肌 Action: plantarflexes and inverts foot
四、 The muscles of foot 足肌
(一) The muscles on the dorsum of foot
足背肌 extensor digitorum brevi
s 趾短伸肌: extense the 2-4 toe.
extensor hallucis brevis拇短伸肌: extense the big toe.
四、 The muscles of foot 足肌
(一) The muscles of the sole 足底肌
1. Medial group 内侧组 Abductor hallucis 拇展肌 Flexor hallucis brevis
拇短屈肌 Adductor hallucis 拇收肌
Abductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
四、 The muscles of foot 足肌
(一) The muscles of the sole 足底肌
1. Medial group 内侧组 Abductor hallucis 拇展肌 Flexor hallucis brevis
拇短屈肌 Adductor hallucis 拇收肌
Adductor hallucis
四、 The muscles of foot 足肌
(一) The muscles of the sole 足底肌
2. intermediate group
中间组Flexor digitorum brevis
趾短屈肌Quadratus plantae 足底方
肌Lumbricalis 蚓状肌Interosseous m. 骨间肌
Flexor digitorum brevis
Lumbricalis
四、 The muscles of foot 足肌
(一) The muscles of the sole 足底肌
2. intermediate group
中间组Flexor digitorum brevis
趾短屈肌Quadratus plantae 足底方
肌Lumbricalis 蚓状肌Interosseous m. 骨间肌
Quadratus plantae
四、 The muscles of foot 足肌
(一) The muscles of the sole 足底肌
2. intermediate group 中间组Flexor digitorum brevis 趾短屈肌Quadratus plantae 足底方肌Lumbricalis 蚓状肌Interosseous m. 骨间肌 plantar interosseous m. dorsal interosseous m.
plantar interosseous m
dorsal interosseous m.
四、 The muscles of foot 足肌
(一) The muscles of the sole 足底肌
3. lateral group
中间组Flexor digiti minimi brevis
小趾短屈肌Abducentor digiti minimi
小趾展肌
Action : collectively they are sigificant in posture and locomotion , and mainly support the arches of the foot.