The muscles of limbs

四 肢 肌

The muscles of upper limb 上肢肌

The muscles of upper limb are divided into:

The muscles of

shoulder

arm

forearm

hand

Deltoid 三角肌Supraspinatus 冈上肌Infraspinatus 冈下肌Teres minor 小圆肌Teres major 大圆肌Subscapularis 肩胛下肌

Muscles of shoulder 肩肌

Deltoid 三角肌 Origin: lateral third of clavi

cle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action: abducts the arm; anterior part may flexes and medically rotates the arm and the posterior part extends and laterally rotates arm

Muscles of shoulder 肩肌

Teres major 大圆肌 Origin: dorsal surface of

inferior angle of scapula Insertion: crest of lesser

tubercle of humerus Action: medially rotates

and adducts arm

Muscles of shoulder 肩肌

Antererior group

Biceps brachii 肱二头肌

Coracobrachialis 喙肱肌

Brachialis 肱肌

Muscles of arm 臂肌

Biceps brachii 肱二头肌 Origin: long head, suprag

lenoid tubercle; short head, coracoid process

Insertion: radical tuberosity

Action: supinator of forearm, flexor of elbow joint, weak flexor of should joint

Posterior group:

Triceps brachii 肱三头肌 Origin: long head, infraglenoid tub

ercle; lateral head, above groove for radical n., medical head, below groove for radical n.

Insertion: olecranon of ulna Action: extends elbow joint), long

head can extend and adduct shoulder joint

Muscles of arm 臂肌

Muscles of forearm 前臂肌

Superficial layer Brachioradialis 肱桡肌 Pronator teres 旋前圆肌 Flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈

肌 Palmaris longus 掌长肌 Flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈

肌

Anterior group (9)

Pronator teres 旋前圆肌

Origin: medical epicondyle of humerus and deep fascia of forearm

Insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius

Action:

pronation of forearm

Second layer － flexor digitorum superficials

指浅屈肌

Third layer Flexor digitorum prof

undus 指深屈肌 Flexor pollicis longus

拇长屈肌 Fourth layer － pron

ator quadratus 旋前方肌

Action: flex radiocarpal joint and fingers, pronate forearm

Extensor carpi radialis longus 桡侧腕长伸肌

Extensor carpi radialis brevis 桡侧腕短伸肌

Extensor digitorum 指伸肌

Extensor digiti minimi 小指伸肌

Extensor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕伸肌

Posterior group (10)

Superficial layer (5)

Supinator 旋后肌 Abductor pollicis longus

拇长展肌 Extensor pollicis brevis

拇短伸肌 Extensor pollicis longus

拇长伸肌 Extensor indicis

示指伸肌 Action: extend radiocapra

l joint and fingers, and supinate forearm

Deep layer (5)

Supinator Origin: lateral epicondy

le of humerus and upper part of lateral border of ulna

Insertion: upper third of anterior surface of radius

Action: supination of forearm

Lateral group － thenar 鱼际

Abductor pollicis brevis

拇短展肌 Flexor pollicis brevis

拇短屈肌 Opponens pollicis

拇对掌肌 Adductor pollicis

拇收肌

Action: flex, abduct, adduct and oppose thumb

Muscles of hand

Medial group － hypothenar Abductor digiti minimi

小指展肌 Flexor digiti minimi brevis

小指短屈肌 Opponens digiti minimi

小指对掌肌

Action: flex, abduct , and oppose little finger

Muscles of hand

Lumbricales 蚓状肌 (4) － flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints

Palmar interossei 骨间掌侧肌 (3) － adduct fingers towards middle finger

Dorsal interossei 骨间背侧肌 (3) － abduct fingers away from middle finger

Intermedial group

The muscles of lower limb 下肢肌

The muscles of lower limb are divided into:

The muscles of

HipThighLegfoot

一、 The muscles of Hip 髋肌（一） Anterior group1 、 Iliopsoas 髂腰肌

Psoas major 腰大肌 起自椎体侧面和横突

Iliacus 髂肌 起自髂窝

Action ： flexes the thigh and rotate thigh laterally 。

下肢固定时，可使躯干和骨盆前屈。

腰大肌髂

肌

2 、 tensor fasciae latae 阔筋膜张肌 : 使阔筋膜紧张并屈髋。

阔筋膜张肌

止于股骨小转子 lesser trochanter

（二） posterior group1 、 Gluteus Maximus 臀大肌 Action ： extend the thigh and rotate the thigh laterally 使大腿后伸和外旋2 、 Piriformis 梨状肌 Action ： rotate and abduct the thigh laterally 外旋外展大腿

Piriformis

Piriformis

piriformis

Gluteus medius

Gluteas minimus

Obturator inernus

Quadratus femoris

Gluteus medius 臀中肌

Gluteus minimus 臀小肌 Action ： abdut the thigh

外展大腿

rotate thigh laterally

Obturator internus闭孔内肌

Quadratus femoris股方肌

Obturator externus闭孔外肌

二、 The muscles of thigh 大腿肌（一） Anterior group

1 、 Sartorius 缝匠肌

Action ： flexes the thigh and the leg ， When the knee is flexed, it medially rotates the leg.

2 、 Quadriceps Femoris

股四头肌 Rectus femoris 股直肌 Vastue lateralis 股外侧肌 Vastus medialis 股内侧肌 Vastus untermedius 股中间肌

缝匠肌

股直肌

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: the upper part of the medial surface of the tibia

二、 The muscles of thigh 大腿肌2 、 Quadriceps Femoris

股四头肌

Action ： extend the leg ;

rectus femoris also flexes the thigh

屈大腿作用

股直肌

Origin:

Rectus femoris: anterior inferior iliac spine

Vastus medialis: medial lip of linea aspera

Vastus lateralis: lateral lip of linea aspera

Vastus intermedius: anterior surface of femur

Insertion:

tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Adductor longus 长收肌

Pectineus m. 耻骨肌

Gracilis m. 股薄肌Addcor magnus

大收肌

Adductor bravis 短收肌

（二） Medial group

Adduct and rotate the thigh laterally

耻骨、股薄、三收肌

（三） posterior group1 、 Biceps Femoris 股二头肌

Action ： extend the thigh and flexes the leg 伸大腿 ，屈小腿，可使小腿稍旋外，

2 、 Semitendinosus 半腱肌

3 、 Semimembranosus 半膜肌

Action ： extend the thigh and flexes the leg 伸大腿 ，屈小腿，，使小腿稍旋内

股二头肌

半腱、半膜、股二头

半膜肌

三、 The muscles of leg 小腿肌

（一） Anterior group

前群

Extensor digitorum longus 趾长伸肌

extend 2-5 toes

Action of anterior group ： Dorsiflex of ankle joint

Tibialis anterior胫骨前肌Invert the foot使足内翻

Extensor hallucis longus 拇长伸肌

extend the big toes 伸拇趾

三、 The muscles of leg 小腿肌

（二） lateral group

Peroneus longus 腓骨长肌

Peroneus brevis腓骨短肌

Action ： plan

tar flexes the

ankle and the

eversion of fo

ot

跖屈踝关节，并使足外翻。

（三） The posterior group 后群肌

1 、 Superficial layer

Triceps surae 小腿三头肌

Soleus 比目鱼肌

Gastrocnemius 腓肠肌

Action ： plantar flexe the ankle ， Gastrocnemius also flex the leg

Tendo calcaneus 跟腱

Gastrocnemius 腓肠肌 Soleus 比目鱼肌

1 、 deep layer: consists of 4 muscles.

Popliteus 腘 肌 Action: flex leg and rotate the leg medially

Flexor hallucis longus 拇长屈肌

Action: plantarflex ankle joint and flexes the big toe

Flexor digitorum longus 趾长屈肌 Action: flexes lateral four toes, plantarflexes foot

Tibialis posterior 胫骨后肌 Action: plantarflexes and inverts foot

四、 The muscles of foot 足肌

（一） The muscles on the dorsum of foot

足背肌 extensor digitorum brevi

s 趾短伸肌： extense the 2-4 toe.

extensor hallucis brevis拇短伸肌： extense the big toe.

四、 The muscles of foot 足肌

（一） The muscles of the sole 足底肌

1. Medial group 内侧组 Abductor hallucis 拇展肌 Flexor hallucis brevis

拇短屈肌 Adductor hallucis 拇收肌

Abductor hallucis

Flexor hallucis brevis

四、 The muscles of foot 足肌

（一） The muscles of the sole 足底肌

1. Medial group 内侧组 Abductor hallucis 拇展肌 Flexor hallucis brevis

拇短屈肌 Adductor hallucis 拇收肌

Adductor hallucis

四、 The muscles of foot 足肌

（一） The muscles of the sole 足底肌

2. intermediate group

中间组Flexor digitorum brevis

趾短屈肌Quadratus plantae 足底方

肌Lumbricalis 蚓状肌Interosseous m. 骨间肌

Flexor digitorum brevis

Lumbricalis

四、 The muscles of foot 足肌

（一） The muscles of the sole 足底肌

2. intermediate group

中间组Flexor digitorum brevis

趾短屈肌Quadratus plantae 足底方

肌Lumbricalis 蚓状肌Interosseous m. 骨间肌

Quadratus plantae

四、 The muscles of foot 足肌

（一） The muscles of the sole 足底肌

2. intermediate group 中间组Flexor digitorum brevis 趾短屈肌Quadratus plantae 足底方肌Lumbricalis 蚓状肌Interosseous m. 骨间肌 plantar interosseous m. dorsal interosseous m.

plantar interosseous m

dorsal interosseous m.

四、 The muscles of foot 足肌

（一） The muscles of the sole 足底肌

3. lateral group

中间组Flexor digiti minimi brevis

小趾短屈肌Abducentor digiti minimi

小趾展肌

Action ： collectively they are sigificant in posture and locomotion ， and mainly support the arches of the foot.