Post on 15-Jan-2016
The Market Revolution The Market Revolution 1800-18401800-1840
A New EconomyA New Economy
Created by innovations in Created by innovations in transportation and communicationtransportation and communication
Roads were primitiveRoads were primitive Transporting of goods was difficult Transporting of goods was difficult
if you didn’t live near water or a if you didn’t live near water or a major city-Ex. New York, Boston, major city-Ex. New York, Boston, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia
The American SystemThe American System
The end of the War of 1812 started a The end of the War of 1812 started a movement of national pride known as movement of national pride known as the “Era of Good Feelings”the “Era of Good Feelings”
War also showed the improvement the War also showed the improvement the US needed to make in the area of roads US needed to make in the area of roads and transportationand transportation
Senators Henry Clay (Kentucky) and Senators Henry Clay (Kentucky) and John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) knew John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) knew both industry and transportation needed both industry and transportation needed help from the national governmenthelp from the national government
American system also supported by American system also supported by President James MonroePresident James Monroe
Goal was to become economically Goal was to become economically independent of Britainindependent of Britain
American system had three parts:American system had three parts:– A new national bank. The charter for A new national bank. The charter for
the First B.U.S. expired in 1811the First B.U.S. expired in 1811– A protective tariff on imports to help A protective tariff on imports to help
American industryAmerican industry– Federal funding of “internal Federal funding of “internal
improvements”improvements”
New B.U.S. starts in 1816 with a New B.U.S. starts in 1816 with a 20 year charter20 year charter
New tariff in 1816New tariff in 1816
New TechnologiesNew Technologies
SteamboatsSteamboats CanalsCanals RailroadRailroad Telegraph-Samuel B. MorseTelegraph-Samuel B. Morse Roads-Toll Roads-”Turnpikes”Roads-Toll Roads-”Turnpikes”
Cumberland Road (1818-Cumberland Road (1818-1838)1838)
Erie CanalErie Canal“Clinton’s Big Ditch”“Clinton’s Big Ditch”
363 miles363 miles Completed in 1825Completed in 1825 Links East Coast to the Great Links East Coast to the Great
Lakes and trade in the NorthwestLakes and trade in the Northwest Funded entirely by New York Funded entirely by New York
StateState $7 million$7 million
Railroads and The Railroads and The TelegraphTelegraph
Railroads opened territories to Railroads opened territories to settlement and coal miningsettlement and coal mining
Building of the Baltimore and Ohio Building of the Baltimore and Ohio (B and O) railroad began in 1828(B and O) railroad began in 1828
By 1860, there was 30,000 miles By 1860, there was 30,000 miles of railroadof railroad
Telegraph developed by Samuel Telegraph developed by Samuel F.B. Morse during the 1830’sF.B. Morse during the 1830’s
Morse codeMorse code
The Rise of the WestThe Rise of the West
Between 1790 and 1840, 4.5 million Between 1790 and 1840, 4.5 million people crossed the Appalachian people crossed the Appalachian MountainsMountains
By 1840, the total population of people By 1840, the total population of people living west of the AM was 7 million living west of the AM was 7 million peoplepeople
6 new states came into the Union6 new states came into the Union In 1819, Spain ceded Florida to the USIn 1819, Spain ceded Florida to the US Adams-Onis TreatyAdams-Onis Treaty First Seminole WarFirst Seminole War Trouble for Andrew Jackson?Trouble for Andrew Jackson?
CottonCotton
After 1824, rise of sectionalismAfter 1824, rise of sectionalism North-Industrial, West-land, North-Industrial, West-land,
railroads, mining, South-Cotton railroads, mining, South-Cotton and Tobaccoand Tobacco
The South’s climate made it good The South’s climate made it good for cotton growingfor cotton growing
Tobacco exhausted the soilTobacco exhausted the soil Invention of the Cotton Gin by Eli Invention of the Cotton Gin by Eli
WhitneyWhitney
Cotton and Slavery
Around 1 million slaves came to the Deep South (Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama) between 1800 and 1860
Massive slave market develops within the US after 1808
1793-5 million pounds of cotton 1820-170 million
ImmigrationImmigration
1841-1845 430,000
1846-1850 1,283,000
1851-1855 1,748,000
1856-1860 850,000
Two main groups were Irish and Two main groups were Irish and GermansGermans
Irish-Potato FamineIrish-Potato Famine Germans-Land, Religious FreedomGermans-Land, Religious Freedom Revolutions-1830’s and 1840’s in Revolutions-1830’s and 1840’s in
EuropeEurope
Rise of Nativism
Those who opposed Irish immigration Those who opposed Irish immigration were known as nativistswere known as nativists
Term nativists comes from native born Term nativists comes from native born AmericansAmericans
Nativists opposed the Irish because of Nativists opposed the Irish because of their religiontheir religion
Also blamed them for problems in Also blamed them for problems in society- crime, political corruption, society- crime, political corruption, drinking alcohol, taking away jobs from drinking alcohol, taking away jobs from native born Americansnative born Americans
The Second Great Awakening
Starts at the beginning of the 19th Century Most popular in the 1820’s and 1830’s Many reform movements in our country Reverend Charles Grandison Finney Month long meetings in upstate New York
and New York City Warned of hell for those who lead a sinful life New technologies allowed message to spread
quickly SGA led to an explosion of new Christian
dominations Ex. Mormons under Joseph Smith in upstate
New York
Cult of Domesticity
Work opportunities for married women were closed to them during the Market Revolution
COD was a new definition of femininity
Woman’s “place” was in the home Roles included love, friendship,
mutual obligation, sheltering men from the competitive marketplace
“Woman, a Source of Comfort” “Woman, a Being to Come Home
to” “Woman, Man’s Best Friend”