Innovations in Log Transportation John Sessions Oregon State University.
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Transcript of Innovations in Log Transportation John Sessions Oregon State University.
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Innovations in Log Innovations in Log TransportationTransportation
John SessionsJohn Sessions
Oregon State UniversityOregon State University
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Problem DefinitionProblem Definition
Rising fuel costs and pollution control Rising fuel costs and pollution control costscosts
Increasing road user costsIncreasing road user costs
Fewer available trucks Fewer available trucks
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OpportunitiesOpportunities
Increase load sizeIncrease load size
Reduce road use costsReduce road use costs
Improve truck schedulingImprove truck scheduling
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Increase Load SizeIncrease Load Size
Load size is a function of Load size is a function of - tire width- tire width - weight per axle- weight per axle - number of axles - number of axles - axle spacing - axle spacing
Add additional axles (lift axles, trailers)Add additional axles (lift axles, trailers)
Reduce log weightReduce log weight
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Maximizing LoadMaximizing Load Max Max wwii
wwi i << bbi i
wwdkdk<< r rkk
wwi i >> 00
wwi i == loading on axle iloading on axle i
bbii = upper limit for axle i = upper limit for axle i d = axles in axle group kd = axles in axle group k
rrkk = upper limit for group k = upper limit for group k
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Reduce Log WeightReduce Log Weight
Reduce Bark Reduce Bark
Mechanized delimbingMechanized delimbing
Reduce Water Reduce Water
GirdlingGirdling
StockpilingStockpiling
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GirdlingGirdling
Girdle sapwood of standing tree one Girdle sapwood of standing tree one to two weeks before felling and let to two weeks before felling and let transpiration reduce water contenttranspiration reduce water content
Fell tree and leave top attached for Fell tree and leave top attached for several weeksseveral weeks
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Researchable QuestionsResearchable Questions
How long does transpiration How long does transpiration continue after full, partial girdling?continue after full, partial girdling?
If transpiration continues, what is If transpiration continues, what is the rate of water usethe rate of water use
Variables: species, temperature, Variables: species, temperature, windwind
Example: mature tree during summer Example: mature tree during summer uses 20+ gallons (160+ lbs) per dayuses 20+ gallons (160+ lbs) per day
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Benefits and CostsBenefits and Costs
BenefitsBenefits - Loading - Loading
- Hauling- Hauling- Drying- Drying
CostsCosts - Girdling- Girdling - Sawing productivity (?)- Sawing productivity (?) - Wood quality- Wood quality
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Reduce Road User CostsReduce Road User Costs
Road User Costs On Low Speed Aggregate Road User Costs On Low Speed Aggregate Surfaced Roads Are About Equal to Haul CostsSurfaced Roads Are About Equal to Haul Costs
Haul Cost = f(operating cost, load, speed)Haul Cost = f(operating cost, load, speed)
= $0.25-0.30/ton-mile= $0.25-0.30/ton-mile Maintenance Cost = $.20-25/ton-mileMaintenance Cost = $.20-25/ton-mile
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OpportunitiesOpportunities
Reduce tire inflation pressureReduce tire inflation pressure
Recycle aggregate from temporary Recycle aggregate from temporary and decommissioned roadsand decommissioned roads
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Lower Tire Inflation PressureLower Tire Inflation PressureRoad ImpactsRoad Impacts Less rock required Less rock required Lower road maintenance (fewer washboards and Lower road maintenance (fewer washboards and
shallower ruts)shallower ruts) Vehicle ImpactsVehicle Impacts Less truck maintenance (less shock)Less truck maintenance (less shock) Fewer flats (fewer punctures)Fewer flats (fewer punctures) Improved mileage (less tire slip)Improved mileage (less tire slip)
Longer Hauling SeasonLonger Hauling Season
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Aggregate Depth Aggregate Depth
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Recycling AggregateRecycling Aggregate
Many forest roads are used Many forest roads are used intermittently. Why let rock sit not intermittently. Why let rock sit not earning interest? earning interest?
Aggregate in many locations is Aggregate in many locations is expensive ($20,000-$30,000 per mile expensive ($20,000-$30,000 per mile in Coast Range).in Coast Range).
Harvest Scheduling and Road Harvest Scheduling and Road Operations ProblemOperations Problem
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Pit
Unit 3
Unit 1 Unit 2
Rock from pit to 3
Rock from pit to 1 Rock from pit to 2
Rock from 1 to 3
Rock from 3 to 1
Rock from 2 to 1
Rock from 1 to 2
Rock from 2 to 3
Rock from 3 to 2
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Costs of Rock RecoveryCosts of Rock Recovery
New Rock - $5-20+ per ton New Rock - $5-20+ per ton depending on source, quality and depending on source, quality and distance distance
Pickup Existing Rock - $1-2 per ton + Pickup Existing Rock - $1-2 per ton + $1/ton processing + $ 0.4/ton-mile + $1/ton processing + $ 0.4/ton-mile + $0.3/ton-mile road use fee$0.3/ton-mile road use fee
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Improve Truck SchedulingImprove Truck Scheduling
Reduce truck waiting times at landingsReduce truck waiting times at landings and millsand mills
30+ minute waits not uncommon30+ minute waits not uncommon
Increase percent of loaded milesIncrease percent of loaded miles
40-45% not uncommon 40-45% not uncommon
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SummarySummary
Lots of opportunities for improved Lots of opportunities for improved decision support :decision support :
truck configurationstruck configurations load efficiencyload efficiency harvest and road operationsharvest and road operations truck schedulingtruck scheduling