Tecw students 11 0422

The Energy Code WorkshopStudents

Welcome

www.tecworkshop.com

Video – TECW Intro

Objectives

OJECTIVE: To raise awareness of building energy codes throughout Arizona based on the 2009 IECC

What it’s not

The Energy Code Workshop is NOT about…

Advocacy

Green Rating Systems

Creating experts

Enforcement

Environment

Policy

Compliance

The Energy Code Workshop is…

What is it?

• Market driven• CEU approved• Certifying 20 Approved Trainers - Statewide• Training1200 individuals prior to June 10, 2011• Raising energy code awareness throughout Arizona

Continuing Education

20 Approved Trainers

“U.S. new home sales hit record low, outlook

gloomy”

March 23, 2011

Market DrivenCurrent Market Trends

“New home sales tumble to record

low”

March 23, 2011

“Office vacancy rates in Valley hit

record”Oct 15, 2009

Code Adoption in Arizona

107 Municipalities in Arizona

35 have adopted a code (2000-2006)

4 have adopted the IECC 2009

Only 1 ICC Instructor in Arizona

Energy Codes Trends

Source: Pew Center on Global Climate Change

U.S. Energy Use

DOE and Federal Support includes:

1. Participation in development andupdating of codes andstandards

2. Provision of financial andtechnical assistance toadopt, implement, andenforce codes and standards.

1. Provide compliancetools.

2. Provide information andresources, complianceproducts, training, and energycode related news.

DOE Support

Reduced energy consumption by approximately 0.5-quadrillion Btu per year by 2015,and 3.5-quadrillionBtu per yearby 2030.

Rising cost savingsmore than $4 billion

per year back inhomeowners’ pockets by 2015, a figure that could

rise to over $30 billion per year by 2030

Reduced CO2 emissionsby roughly 3 percent in terms of the projected

national CO2 emissions in 2030.

Code Benefits

Energy Conservation Codes Are…

• Minimum requirements for energy-efficient design and construction:– Residential and commercial– New and renovations

• A component of a complete set of building regulations:– Structural, plumbing, electrical, energy, and

• Energy-efficiency baselines for:– Building envelope, mechanical equipment,

service water heating and lighting systems

• Effectively conserves energy• Minimizes increases in construction costs• Allows the use of new materials, products,

or methods of construction• Eliminates preferential treatment for

particular industries or types or classes of materials, products or methods of construction

Intent of IECC

• Code Development– Reaching consensus on the details

• Code Adoption– Not automatic in many states

• Code Compliance– Learning to design using new standards and

techniques– Implementing new requirements at the jobsite– Providing staff and resources to plan, review,

and inspect

Code Challenges

International Energy Conservation Code

ASHRAE Standard 90.1

State and Locally Adopted Codes

Building Energy Codes

Energy Codes & Standards History of U.S. Residential Energy Code

Baseline: IECC and ASHRAE 90.1

Both IECC and ASHRAE 90.1 apply, ASHRAE 90.1 likely used

Both IECC and ASHRAE 90.1 apply, either used to comply

IECC applies

Going Above and Beyond Code

SpawGlass Construction Corporate Headquarters, Houston, TXASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Office Buildings, 2008

• Building Envelope

• Mechanical

• Service Water Heating

• Lighting

• Electrical Power

For both residential and commercial:

What Do Building Energy Codes and Standards Cover?

Structure of IECC

Chapter 1 AdministrativeChapter 2 DefinitionsChapter 3 Climate ZonesChapter 4 Residential Energy EfficiencyChapter 5 Commercial Energy EfficiencyChapter 6 Referenced Standards

IECC covers one- and two-family residences ≤ 3 stories

All buildings that are not “residential” by definition are “commercial”

Includes additions, alterations, renovations and repairs

Existing buildings (Section 101.4.1)

– Electrical power, lighting, and mechanical systems still apply

Buildings designated as historic (Section 101.4.2)

AdministrativeExempted Buildings

101.4.1, 101.4.2, 101.5.2

Code applies to any new construction

Unaltered portion(s) do not need to comply

Additions can comply alone or in combination with existing building

AdministrativeAdditions, Alterations, Renovations, Repairs

Treat as a stand-alone “building” Additions must meet the prescriptive

requirements in Table 402.1.1 (or U-factor or total UA alternatives)

AdministrativeAdditions

101.4.3

Exceptions Storm windows over existing fenestration Glass-only replacements Exposed, existing ceiling, wall or floor cavities if already filled with

insulation Where existing roof, wall or floor cavity isn’t exposed Reroofing for roofs where neither sheathing nor insulation exposed

– Insulate above or below the sheathing

• Roofs without insulation in the cavity

• Sheathing or insulation is exposed

Lighting alterations if:

– <50% of luminaries in a space are replaced

– Only bulbs and ballasts within existing luminaries are replaced (provided installed interior lighting power isn’t increased)

Any non-conditioned space that is altered to become conditioned space is required to be brought into full compliance with code.

AdministrativeAdditions, Alterations, Renovations, Repairs

101.4.3

Any non-conditioned space that is altered to become conditioned space shall be required to be brought into full compliance with this code

Examples: Converting a garage to a family

room Heating an unfinished basement

AdministrativeSpace Conditioning

101.4.5

Treat the residential occupancy under the applicable residential code

Treat the commercial occupancy under the commercial code

AdministrativeMixed Use Buildings

101.4.6

Very low energy use buildings (<3.4 Btu/h-ft2 or 1 watt/ft2) (Section 101.5.2)

Buildings (or portions of) that are neither heated nor cooled (Section 101.5.2)

AdministrativeExempted Buildings – Thermal Envelope

101.4.1, 101.4.2, 101.5.2

Structure of IECC

Definitions Examples

Air barrier – Materials “assembled and joined together”, a single material or combination of materials, i.e. sealants, acting as a system.

Basement wall – “…enclosing conditioned space.” If unconditioned, is classified as a crawl space.

Fenestration – includes skylights & doors.U-value/R-value – Reciprocal values between transmittance

and resistance. Note that U-value includes air films. U-value is calculated through a “component or assembly”, and R-value through a “body”. 402.1.2 (components) and 402.1.3 (assembly) make the difference more clear. C-factor is very similar to U-value (surface to surface instead of air to air) and is used in SHGC calculations.

High-efficacy lamps – minimum lumens/watt requirementLabeled and Listed – borrowed from the IBC

Structure of IECC

General Requirements Climate Zones

Figure 301.1

CDD50°F – Interior base temperature = 50°F for CDD HDD65°F – Interior base temperature = 65°F for HDD

General Requirements Climate Zones

Table 301.3(2)

General Requirements Arizona Climate Zones

• National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) provide a thermal rating for windows and skylights in the U.S.

Additional Provision: Windows

Thermal Envelope Basics

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer

Heat always flows from warmer to cooler substances. Heat is transferred by three means:

ConductionRadiationConvection

Conduction is the transfer of vibrating energy (heat) between adjacent molecules. Transfer is always from warmer to cooler substances. Transfer is independent of gravity and can occur in any direction (up, down, sideways).

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer: Conduction

Radiation is the transfer of heat (molecular vibrating energy) by electro-magnetic waves. Transfer is always from warmer to cooler substances. Transfer is independent of gravity and can occur in any direction (up, down, sideways).

Surfaces must have a “line of sight” to each other for the transfer of energy.

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer: Radiation

Convection is the transfer of heat (molecular vibrating energy) by a moving fluid medium (water, air). Transfer is always from warmer to cooler substances. Energy is transferred by the physical relocation of molecules as the fluid moves.

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer: Convection

Thermal conductivity (k) Thermal conductance (C)

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer: Conduction

• Thermal resistance (R, or R-value) is the reciprocal of thermal conductance.

• The units are hour-square foot-°F per Btu OR (hr*ft2*°F)/ (Btu)

• The greater the R-value, the greater the thermal insulation.

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer: Resistance

• Infrared, both near & far are invisible to the eye.

• Far IR is emitted from warm surfaces.

• Radiation in either of these spectrums that is transmitted or reflected retains similar wavelength characteristics.

• Radiation that is absorbed is converted to heat which is then conducted, convected, or reradiated.

• This re-radiation only occurs in far IR spectrum.

Reflection – retains similar wavelength propertiesas the originating radiative energy Absorption – converted to heat and is then conducted, convected, or reradiated Transmission – retains similar wavelength properties Heat Loss – to the exterior and to the interior

Incident Radiation

When adding reflection, absorption and transmission percentages, the value must equal 1.0.1

• Emissivity is the measure of the ability of a surface to emit radiation at a given surface temperature

• The range of unitless values is 0.0 (no emittance possible) to 1.0 (ideal maximum – a “black body”).

• At any given temperature, a surface’s emissivity is exactly equal to its absorptance

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer: Emissivity

Natural Convection

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer: Convection

Forced Convection

Walls Roof or Floor

Thermal Envelope Basics Heat Transfer

Chapter 4Residential Energy Efficiency

Structure of IECC

ResidentialRelationship Between IRC & IECC

IECC addresses only energy

IRC addresses all topics (structural, plumbing, etc.)

• Allows builder to carry only one code book• Chapter 11 covers energy efficiency

IRC allows compliance with IECC as an alternative to Chapter 11

IECC addresses both residential and commercial; IRC addresses subset of residential, detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses 3 stories or fewer

Energy requirements in IRC and IECC almost identical

• IRC requires 0.35 SHGC in Climate Zones 1-3; IECC requires 0.30

• IRC has less stringent foundation requirements in northern zones

• Other minor differences

IECC TerminologyPrescriptive

• Required, but can be lessened or eliminated in trade for compensating improvements elsewhere

Mandatory• Required and cannot be traded down, even in the simulated

performance path

Some elements have “hard limits”aka, “trade-off limits”a prescriptive requirement that can only be traded

so farperformance requirements can only be traded so far

Residential Scope – Overview of Structure

402, 403

Focus is on building envelope– Ceilings, walls, windows, floors, foundations– Sets insulation and fenestration levels, and solar heat

gain coefficients– Infiltration control - caulk and seal to prevent air leaks

Ducts – seal and insulate Limited space heating, air conditioning, and

water heating requirements– Federal law sets most equipment efficiency

requirements, not the I-codes No appliance requirements Lighting equipment – 50% of lamps to be high-

efficacy lamps

Residential Overview of Residential Code Requirements

Chapter 4

Permanently posted on or in the electrical distribution panel

Don’t cover or obstruct the visibility of other required labels

Includes the following:– R-values of insulation installed for

the thermal building envelope, including ducts outside conditioned spaces

– U-factors for fenestration– SHGC for fenestration– HVAC efficiencies and types– Water heating equipment

Residential Compliance Certificate

Mandatory Requirements (apply everywhere): Duct insulation and sealing Infiltration control HVAC controls Piping Insulation Equipment sizing Dampers

Climate-Specific Requirements: Foundations

• Basements• Slabs• Crawlspaces

Above grade walls Skylights, windows, and doors Roofs Solar Heat Gain Coefficient in warm climates

Residential Scope Overview of Structure

Chapter 4

Mandatory Provisions

Prescriptive

Envelope Section 402

Envelope ProvisionsSection 402.2, 402.3.3 thru 402.3.6 & 402.5 (As Applies)

Simulated Performance Section 405Insulation

RequirementsFenestration

Section 403.2.1 & 404.1

Table 402.1.3

Section 402.3.1 & 402.3.2 (Trade-Off)

Section 402.1.1 & 402.1.2 (Tabular)

Section 402.1.3 & 402.1.4 (Trade-Off)

Project Complies

Residential Scope Compliance Pathways

Thermal Envelope

CLIMATE ZONE

FENESTRATION U-FACTORb

SKYLIGHTb U-FACTOR

GLAZED FENESTRATIONb,e

CEILING R-VALUE

WOOD FRAME WALL

R-VALUE

MASS WALL

R-VALUEi

FLOOR R-

BASEMENTc WALL

R-VALUE

SLABd R-VALUE & DEPTH

CRAWL SPACEc

WALL R-VALUE

1 1.20 0.75 0.30 30 13 3 / 4 13 0 0 0 2 0.65j 0.75 0.30 30 13 4 / 6 13 0 0 0 3 0.50j 0.65 0.30 30 13 5 / 8 19 5 / 13f 0 5 / 13

4 except Marine

0.35 0.60 NR 38 13 5 / 10 19 10 / 13 10, 2ft 10 / 13

5 and Marine 4

0.35 0.60 NR 38 20 or 13+5h 13 / 17 30g 10 / 13 10, 2 ft 10 / 13

6 0.35 0.60 NR 49 20 or 13+5h 15 / 19 30g 15 / 19 10, 4 ft 10 / 13 7 and 8 0.35 0.60 NR 49 21 19 / 21 38g 15 / 19 10, 4 ft 10 / 13

Table 402.1.1Insulation and Fenestration Requirements by Component

Note: Most of the tables have footnotes which can also contain requirements.

Residential Envelope Insulation & Fenestration by Climate Zone

Table 402.1.1

a. R-values are minimums, U-factors and SHGC are maximums, R-19 batts compressed into a nominal 2 x 6 framing cavity such that the R-value is reduced by R-1 or more shall be marked with the compressed batt R-value in addition to the full thickness R-value.b. The fenestration U-factor column excludes skylights. The SHGC column applies to all glazed fenestration.c. “15/19” means R-15 continuous insulated sheathing on the interior or exterior of the home or R-19 cavity insulation at the interior of the basement wall. “15/19” shall be permitted to be met with R-13 cavity insulation on the interior of the basement wall plus R-5 continuous insulated sheathing on the interior or exterior of the home. “10/13” means R-10 continuous insulated sheathing on the interior or exterior of the home or R-13 cavity insulation at the interior of the basement wall.d. R-5 shall be added to the required slab edge R-values for heated slabs. Insulation depth shall be the depth of the footing or 2 feet, whichever is less in Zones 1 through 3 for heated slabs.e. There are no SHGC requirements in the Marine Zone.f. Basement wall insulation is not required in warm-humid locations as defined by Figure 301.1 and Table 301.1.g. Or insulation sufficient to fill the framing cavity, R-19 minimum.h. “13+5” means R-13 cavity insulation plus R-5 insulated sheathing. If structural sheathing covers 25 percent or less of the exterior, insulating sheathing is not required where structural sheathing is used. If structural sheathing covers more than 25 percent of exterior, structural sheathing shall be supplemented with insulated sheathing of at least R-2.i. The second R-value applies when more than half the insulation is on the interior of the mass wall.j. For impact rated fenestration complying with Section R301.2.1.2 of the IRC or Section 1608.1.2 of the IBC, maximum U-factor shall be 0.75 in Zone 2 and 0.65 in Zone 3.

Residential Envelope Insulation & Fenestration by Climate Zone

Table 402.1.1

Conditioned Space

Residential EnvelopeSpecific Requirements

Building Envelope consists of:FloorsSlabsCrawlspacesWalls

• Above grade• Below grade• Mass walls

FenestrationCeilings

Exception: If framing members are too small to accommodate R-30, insulation that fills the framing cavity, not less than R-19, complies

Residential EnvelopeFloors Over Unconditioned Space

Table 402.1.1

Unconditioned space includes unheated basement, vented crawlspace, or outdoor air

Insulation must maintain permanent contact with underside of subfloor

Climate Zones R-Value1-2 13

3-4ab 194c-6 307-8 38

* Exception

Climate Zones 4c-8 R-19 permitted if cavity completely filled

Residential EnvelopeFloors Over Unconditioned Space

402.2.8

R-19 + 6 in 2x6R-19 +12 in 2x8 or 2x10

R-19, 2x6R-19 + 6 in 2x8 or 2x10

Steel Joist Floor

R-13 +10 or R-19 +9 or R-25 +8R-21

R-13 + 9 or R-19 +8 or R-25 +7R-19

R-13 + 5 or R-15 +4, or R-21 +3 or R-0+10

Steel Framed Wall

R-49 2x4, or 2x6, or 2x8, or 2x10R-38

R-38 in 2x4, or 2x6, or 2x8R-49 any framing

Steel Joist Ceilings

R-38 + 5R-49

R-49 or R-38 + 3R-38

R-38 or R-30 + 3 or R-26 + 5R-30

Steel Truss Ceilings

Cold-Formed Steel Equivalent R-valueWood Frame R-valueTable 402.2.5

Steel-Frame Ceiling, Wall and Floor Insulation (R-Value)

Table keys on the wood-frame requirement for the corresponding building component

“R-X + Y” means R-X cavity plus R-Y continuous

Exception: In climate zones 1 and 2, the continuous R-value can be reduced to R-3 for walls on 24” centers

Residential EnvelopeSteel-Frame Floors

Table 402.2.5

Conditioned Space

Applies to slabs with a floor surface < 12 inches below grade

R-10 (typically 2 inches) insulation in Zones 4 and above

Must extend downward from top of slab a minimum of 24” (Zones 4 and 5) or 48” (Zones 6, 7, and 8)

Insulation can be vertical or extend horizontally under the slab or out from the building

Insulation extending outward must be under 10 inches of soil or pavement

• An additional R-5 is required for heated slabs

• Insulation depth of the footing or 2 feet, whichever is less in Zones 1-3 for heated slabs

Figure 2Flashing

ProtectionBoard

RigidInsulation

Figure 4

Figure 3

Residential EnvelopeSlab Edge Insulation

402.2.8

RigidInsulation

Bevel Cut

Residential EnvelopeSlab Edge Insulation

402.2.8

Conditioned Space

Implies an unvented crawlspace (aka, conditioned crawlspace) Space must be mechanically vented or receive minimal supply

air (see Section R408 of the IRC) Exposed earth must be covered with a continuous Class I vapor

retarder

Residential Envelope Crawlspace Wall Insulation

402.2.9

Vented Crawlspace Requirements:

The raised floor over the crawlspace must be insulated.

A vapor retarder may be required as part of the floor assembly.

Ventilation openings must exist that are equal to at least 1 square foot for each 150 square feet of crawlspace area and be placed to provide cross-flow (IRC 408.1, may be less if ground vapor retarder is installed).

Ducts in crawlspace must be sealed and have R-6 insulation.

Unvented Crawlspace Requirements:

The crawlspace ground surface must be covered with an approved vapor retarder (e.g., plastic sheeting).

Crawlspace walls must be insulated to the R-value requirements specific for crawlspace walls (IECC Table 402.1.1).

Crawlspace wall insulation must extend from the top of the wall to the inside finished grade and then 24” vertically or horizontally.

Crawlspaces must be mechanically vented (1 cfm exhaust per 50 square feet) or conditioned (heated and cooled as part of the building envelope).

Ducts are inside conditioned space and therefore don’t need to be insulated.

Residential EnvelopeVented and Unvented Crawlspaces

IECC & IRC

Conditioned Space

Exterior above-grade walls Attic kneewalls Skylight shaft walls Perimeter/rim joists Basement walls Garage walls (shared with conditioned space)

Residential Envelope Walls

Section 202, Tables 402.1.1, 402.1.3 & 402.2.5

Insulate walls including those next to unconditioned spaces

Don’t forget to insulate

rim joists

Residential EnvelopeAbove Grade Walls

Section 202, Tables 402.1.1, 402.1.3 & 402.2.5

Required R-value can be met with any combination of cavity or continuous insulation

Exception in zones 5-6: R-13 cavity plus R-5 sheathing meets R-20 requirement

h. “13+5” means R-13 cavity insulation plus R-5 insulated sheathing. If structural sheathing covers 25 percent or less of the exterior, insulating sheathing is not required where structural sheathing is used. If structural sheathing covers more than 25 percent of exterior, structural sheathing shall be supplemented with insulated sheathing of at least R-2.

Residential Envelope Wood Frame Walls

Table 402.1.1

R-19 + 6 in 2x6R-19 +12 in 2x8 or 2x10

R-19, 2x6R-19 + 6 in 2x8 or 2x10

Steel Joist Floor

R-13 +10 or R-19 +9 or R-25 +8R-21

R-13 + 9 or R-19 +8 or R-25 +7R-19

R-13 + 5 or R-15 +4, or R-21 +3 or R-0+10

Steel Framed Wall

R-49 2x4, or 2x6, or 2x8, or 2x10R-38

R-38 + 5R-49

R-49 or R-38 + 3R-38

R-38 or R-30 + 3 or R-26 + 5R-30

Steel-Frame Ceiling, Wall and Floor Insulation (R-Value)

Table keys on the wood-frame requirement for the corresponding building component

Residential EnvelopeSteel-Frame Walls

Table 402.2.5

What type Concrete block, concrete, insulated concrete form (ICF),

masonry cavity, brick (other than brick veneer), earth*, and solid timber/logs

Provisions Are assumed to be above grade walls

Residential EnvelopeMass Walls

402.2.4

* Earth includes adobe, compressed earth block, and rammed earth

Second (higher) number applies when more than half the R-value is on the interior of the mass (i.e., when the thermal mass is insulated from the conditioned space)

Residential EnvelopeMass Wall Requirements

Table 402.1.1

Basement Wall –>50% below grade

Below gradeBasement wall Exterior Wall –

<50% below grade

Residential EnvelopeDefining Below-Grade Walls

202, 402.2.7

≥ 50% below grade Otherwise treat as above-grade wall

Climate Zones R-Value1-2 03 5/13

4-5 10/136-8 15/19

Insulated from top of basement wall down to 10 ft below grade or basement floor, whichever is less

Residential EnvelopeBelow-Grade Walls

202, 402.2.7

• “X/Y” means R-X continuous or R-Y cavity

• 15/19 requirement can be met with R-13 cavity (interior) plus R-5 continuous (exterior)

• In zone 3, no insulation required in warm-humid counties

Residential EnvelopeBelow-Grade Walls

Table 402.1.1

Conditioned Space

Residential Envelope Fenestration

303.1.3, Tables 303.1.3(1), 303.1.3(2), 303.1.3(3)

Doors and windowsNFRC rating or default table

• If not labeled with U-factor and SHGC, use default table (Tables 303.1.3(1), 303.1.3(2) & 303.1. 3(3))

No glass area limitsExemptions (prescriptive path only)

• Up to 15 ft2 of glazing per dwelling unit (Section 402.3.3)

• One side-hinged opaque door assembly up to 24 ft2 (Section 402.3.4)

Meet U-factorMeet SHGC

Residential Envelope Skylights

402.3.5

0.30 SHGC

Residential Envelope Locations with Window SHGC Requirements

Equal to climate zones 1A, 2A, 2B, 3A & 3B

Table 402.1.1

Can be used to satisfy U-factor and SHGC requirements

Subject to hard limits, even in trade-offs

Residential Envelope Fenestration: Area Weighted Average

404.3.1, 402.3.2

Hard limits on U-factor in northern U.S. (cannot be exceeded, even in trade-offs)

U-0.75 for skylights in Zones 4-8

U-factors of individual windows or skylights can be higher if maximum area-weighted average is below these limits.

Climate Zones U-Factor Maximum4-5 0.486-8 0.40

Residential Envelope Fenestration Trade-off Limits

Hard limit on Solar Heat Gain Coefficient in southern U.S. (Zones 1-3)

SHGC cannot exceed0.50, even in performance trade-offs

Residential Envelope Fenestration Trade-off Limits, cont’d

Less stringent insulation R-value and glazing U-factor requirementsSunroom definition:

One story structure Glazing area >40% glazing of

gross exterior wall and roof area Separate heating or cooling

system or zone Must be thermally isolated

(closeable doors or windows tothe rest of the house)

Can always meet Table 402.1.1 requirements with unlimited glass

Residential Envelope Sunrooms

202, 402.2,11, 402.3.5

Ceiling Insulation– Zones 1-4 R-19

– Zones 5-8 R-24

Wall Insulation– All zones R-13

Fenestration U-Factor– Zones 4-8 0.50

Skylight U-Factor– Zones 4-8 0.75

Residential Envelope Sunrooms

402.2.11, 402.3.5

Conditioned Space

Residential Envelope Ceilings

402.2.1, 402.2.2, Tables 402.1.1 & 402.1.3

Requirements based on

Assembly type Continuous

insulation Insulation between

framing (cavity insulation)

Meet or exceed R-values

R-values are to be printed on the batt insulation or rigid foam board.

Blown-in insulation must have an insulation certificate at or near the opening of the attic.

The certificate should include: R-value of installed thickness Initial installed thickness Installed density Settled thickness/settled R-value Coverage area Number of bags installed

Insulation markers must be installed every 300 square feet and be marked with the minimum installed thickness and affixed to the trusses or joists.

Residential Envelope Ceilings

303.1.1, 303.1.1.1, 303.1.2

Ceiling insulation requirementsin R-value table assumestandard truss systems

Possibility ofice dam formations

Cold corners contributeto condensation andmold growth insome locations

Insulation

Residential EnvelopeCeilings with Attics

402.2.1, Table 402.1.1

Prescriptive R-value path encouragesraised heel truss (aka, energy truss) If insulation is full height over exterior wall

top plate• R-30 complies where R-38 is required• R-38 complies where R-49 is required

Note: this reduction ONLY applies to the R-value prescriptive path, not the U-factor or Total UA alternatives

Insulation at fullthickness overexteriorwalls Insulatio

Residential Envelope Ceilings with Attics, cont’d

402.2.1, Table 402.1.1

Where insulation levels are required > R-30, and

The design of the roof/ceiling does not allow sufficient amount of space to meet higher levels,

R-30 allowed for 500 ft2

or 20% total insulated ceiling area, whichever is less

Note: This reduction ONLY applies to the R-value prescriptive path, not the U-factor or Total UA alternatives

Residential Envelope Ceilings without Attic Spaces (e.g., vaulted)

402.2.2, Table 402.1.1

R-19 + 6 in 2x6R-19 +12 in 2x8 or 2x10

R-19, 2x6R-19 + 6 in 2x8 or 2x10

Steel Joist Floor

R-13 +10 or R-19 +9 or R-25 +8R-21

R-13 + 9 or R-19 +8 or R-25 +7R-19

R-13 + 5 or R-15 +4, or R-21 +3 or R-0+10

Steel Framed Wall

R-49 2x4, or 2x6, or 2x8, or 2x10R-38

R-38 + 5R-49

R-49 or R-38 + 3R-38

R-38 or R-30 + 3 or R-26 + 5R-30

Steel-Frame Ceiling, Wall and Floor Insulation(R-Value) Table keys on the wood-

frame requirement for the corresponding building component

Residential EnvelopeSteel-Frame Ceiling

Table 402.2.5

Weatherstrip and insulate doors from conditioned spaces to unconditioned spaces (e.g., attics and crawl spaces)

Insulate to level equivalent to surrounding surfaces• e.g., required ceiling insulation = R-38, then attic hatch must be insulated to R-38

Provide access to all equipment that prevents damaging or compressing the insulation

Install a wood framed or equivalent baffle or retainer when loose fill insulation is installed

Residential Envelope Access Hatches & Doors)

402.2.3

Conditioned attic will not be found in the IECC

Refer to the IRC for requirements Insulate at roof deckRefer to IRC for ventilation (IRC Section R806.4)

Insulation for condensation control (IRC Table R806.4)

Residential Envelope Conditioned Attics

Lighting

A minimum of 50 percent of the lamps in permanently installed lighting fixtures shall be high-efficacy lamps

Residential LightingLighting Equipment: Prescriptive

Air Leakage

Window

Attic Hatch

Foundation

Chimney

Plumbing

Wiring

ExteriorDoor

Lights

Ceiling

Penetrations

Building thermal envelope

Recessed lighting

Fenestration Fireplaces

Residential EnvelopeMandatory Requirements: Air Leakage

Building thermal envelopeDurably sealed

Caulked Gasketed Weatherstrippe

d Air barrier

material Suitable film or

solid material

Residential EnvelopeAir Leakage Control

402.4.1

Windows and doors

Between sole plates

Floors and exterior wall panels

Plumbing Electrical Service access

doors or hatches Recessed light

fixtures Rim joist junction

Residential EnvelopeAreas for Air Leakage: Infiltration

Two options to demonstrate compliance

Whole-house pressure test• Air leakage <7 ACH when tested

at pressure of 50 Pascals• Testing may occur any time after

rough in and installation of building envelope penetrations

Field verification of items listed in Table 402.4.2.

Residential EnvelopeAir Sealing & Insulation

402.4.2.1, 402.4.2.2, Table 402.4.2

Residential EnvelopeAir Sealing & Insulation

Table 402.4.2

Exceptions Site-built windows, skylights, and doors

TYPE AIR INFILTRATION RATE

Windows, sliding glass doors, and skylights

≤ 0.3 cfm/ft2

Swinging doors

≤ 0.5 cfm/ft2

Residential Envelope Mandatory: Fenestration Air Leakage

402.4.4

New wood-burning fireplaces shall have gasketed doors and outdoor combustion air

Residential Envelope Fireplaces

402.4.3

Type IC rated and labeled as meeting ASTM E 283 when tested at 1.57 psf (75 Pa) pressure differential with no more than 2.0 cfm of air movement

Sealed with a gasket or caulk between the housing and interior wall or ceiling covering

Residential LightingRecessed Fixtures

402.4.5

Systems & Equipment

Equipment efficiency set by Federal law, not the I-Codes

Residential Mechanical Systems & Equipment

If primary heating system is a forced-air furnace At least one programmable thermostat/dwelling unit Capability to set back or

temporarily operate the systemto maintain zone temperatures

–down to 55ºF (13ºC) or –up to 85ºF (29ºC)

Initially programmed with:–heating temperature set point no

higher than 70ºF (21ºC) and –cooling temperature set point no

lower than 78ºF (26ºC)

Residential Systems Mandatory: Programmable Thermostat Controls

403.1.1

Prevent supplementary electric-resistance heat when heat pump can meet the heating load

Exception During defrost

Residential SystemsHeat Pump Supplementary Heat: Controls

403.1.2

Insulation (Prescriptive)– Supply ducts in attics: R-8

– All other ducts: R-6

Sealing (Mandatory)– Joints and seams shall

comply with IRC, Section M1601.4.1

– All ducts, air handlers, filter boxes and building cavities used as ducts shall be sealed (Section 403.2.2)

Building framing cavities shall not be used as supply ducts

Residential Systems Ducts

Location Requirement

Vented Attic R-8

Conditioned Space -

Vented Crawlspace R-6

Conditioned Crawlspace -

Basement – Conditioned

Basement – Unconditioned

Exterior Walls R-6

Residential SystemsDuct Location & Insulation: Examples

Duct tightness shall be verified by either of the following:

Post construction test• Leakage to outdoors: ≤8 cfm/per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor

area or• Total leakage: ≤12 cfm/per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area

– tested at a pressure differential of 0.1 in w.g. (25Pa) across entire system, including manufacturer’s air handler enclosure

• All register boots taped or otherwise sealed Rough-in test

• Total leakage ≤6 cfm/per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area– tested at a pressure differential of 0.1 in w.g. (25Pa) across

roughed-in system, including manufacturer’s air handler enclosure– all register boots taped or otherwise sealed– if air handler not installed at time of test

» Total air leakage ≤4 cfm/per 100 ft2

Exceptions: Duct tightness test is not required if the air handler and all ducts are located within conditioned space

Residential SystemsDuct Tightness Tests

403.2.2

R-3 required on – HVAC systems

• Exception: Piping that conveys fluids between 55 and 105°F

R-2 required on– All circulating domestic

hot water systems• Systems also require a

readily accessible manual switch

Residential SystemsPiping Insulation

Ventilation– Outdoor air intakes and exhausts shall have automatic

or gravity dampers that close when the ventilation system is not operating

Equipment Sizing– IECC references Section M1401.3 of the IRC

– Load calculations determine the proper capacity (size) of equipment

• Goal is big enough to ensure comfort but no bigger

– Calculations shall be performed in accordance with ACCA Manual J & S or other approved methods

Residential Systems Ventilation & Equipment Sizing

403.5, 403.6

Snow- and ice-melting system controls Automatic shutoff when pavement temperature is

> 50F and no precipitation is falling

Automatic or manual shutoff when outdoor temperature is > 40F

Residential Systems Snow Melt System Controls

Pool heaters– with a readily accessible on-off switch– fired by natural gas not allowed to

have continuously burning pilot lights

Time switches to automaticallyturn off and on heaters andpumps according to a presetschedule installed on swimmingpool heaters and pumps– Exceptions

• Public health standards requiring 24-hour pump operation

• Pumps operating pools with solar-waste-heat recovery heating systems

Residential Systems Pools

On heated pools If heated to >90°F,

vapor-retardant pool cover at least R-12

Exception: If >60% of energy

from site-recovered or solar energy source

Residential SystemsPool Covers

403.9.3

Systems serving multiple dwelling units shall comply with Sections 503 and 504 in lieu of Section 403

Residential SystemsMultiple Dwelling Units

U-Factor & Total UA Alternatives

U-factor AlternativeSimilar to Prescriptive R-Value but uses U-

factors instead• Allows for innovative or less common construction

techniques such as structural insulated panels or advanced framing

• Allows no trade-offs between building components

Total UA AlternativeSame as U-factor alternative but allows

trade-offs across all envelope components• Primary approach used in REScheck software

UA – U factor x area of assembly

Residential EnvelopeU-Factor and Total UA Alternatives

402.1.3, 402.1.4

Residential Envelope Climate Zone Requirements: U-Factor Table

Table 402.1.3

Climate Zones U-Factor Minimum

1 0.17

2 0.14

3 0.12

4 except Marine 0.10

4 Marine 0.57 same as above grade frame wall

5-8 0.57 same as above grade frame wall

Residential EnvelopeMass Walls: U-Factor

Table 402.1.3 Footnote b

Provisions When more than half the insulation is on the interior, the

mass wall U-factors:

Simulated Performance

Requires computer software with specified capabilities (local official may approve other tools)

Includes both envelope and some systems– Are treated equally in standard and proposed design

Allows greatest flexibility– Can trade-off tight duct systems

Defines compliance based on equivalency of calculated energy or energy cost

Section 405 specifies “ground rules”– These will generally be “hidden” in compliance software

calculation algorithms– Very similar ground rules are used in home federal tax credits

and ENERGY STAR Home guidelines

Residential Envelope Simulated Performance Alternative

Section 405

Software Tools for ComplianceREScheck™

www.energycodes.gov

REScheck™ DOE’s residential compliance software

(Windows or Mac version)

Desktop Software ToolsDesktop Software Tools Web-Based ToolsWeb-Based Tools

No-cost, easy-to-use software that will demonstrate compliance.

www.energycodes.gov/software.stm

Overview of Tool

–Various Screen and Options

–Compliance Methods

–AreaCalc Spreadsheet

–Reports

REScheck™

MAIN STEPS

1. Select the Appropriate Code

2. Complete Project Screen: location, building characteristics, and project

details (optional)

3. Enter Building Components

In many cases, components with the same construction characteristics can

be totaled and entered as one component.

Example: If all exterior walls are wood frame 16"o.c. with R-13 cavity

insulation, sum the gross area of every exterior wall and enter one wall

component

4. Enter Mechanical Equipment (Optional)

5. View/Print the Compliance Report

6. Save the Data File and the Report

REScheck™

PREFERENCES

• Edit Menu

General

File Options

Beyond Code

Version Update

REScheck™

PREFERENCES

• Edit Menu

• Project Details

• Set default settings for ENVELOPE and CODE

• Orientation is primarily required for the performance compliance method.

REScheck™

PREFERENCES

• Edit Menu

Applicant

Input information about the

Owner and Designer

REScheck™

PREFERENCES

• Edit Menu

Reports

Signature Lines

Email report

REScheck™

REScheck provides the option of 2 Compliance Paths-• UA Tradeoff -- The traditional

REScheck trade-off approach is based on trading thermal conductance (U-factor times surface area) between envelope components.

• Equipment Performance -- Involves an hour-by-hour energy simulation to determine whether the HVAC efficiency improvements make up for an otherwise failing envelope.

• REScheck requires a few additional inputs (e.g., orientation) to support the energy simulation.

• To comply with the 2009 IECC, you must pass by EITHER the UA Tradeoff index OR the Equipment Performance index, but you do not need to pass both.

Compliance Methods- UA Trade Off- Performance Alternative

UA Trade Off-• U Value – Table 402.1• SHGC – Table 402.1

Performance Alternative• Specify – Wall orientations• Existing Buildings cannot be Analyzed

using REScheck• Only New Construction• Mechanical Systems• SHGC Permitted – 0.50 (Climate Zones 1-3)

REScheck™

Envelope Screen• Changes based on code and/or location selected

– SHGC column– Orientation

For the Performance Alternative• Need to Specify Orientation of All walls and

Windows• Need to specify efficiency of heating and

cooling systems

REScheck™

Mechanical tab in

REScheck is optional. • Mechanical systems entered in

REScheck should be the primary

HVAC system.

• Emergency back up heat-

should not be entered in

REScheck.

• If equipment efficiency exceeds

minimum requirements- high-

efficiency equipment credit is

applied as a percent increase in

the code house UA.

REScheck™ Screen Operations

Screen Operations

Compliance Bar

Status Bar

Color : Red• Indicative of Non-

Compliance• Indicative of Incomplete

informationColor: Green• Indicative of

ComplianceColor: Blue• TBD

REScheck™ Area Calc Spreadsheet

• A spreadsheet-like interface is used to calculate window, door, skylight, roof, wall, and floor areas.

• These areas can then be

transferred directly into REScheck where the code compliance results for those assemblies can be displayed.

REScheck™ View/Print Reports

View/Print Reports

• Compliance Certificate

• Inspection Checklist

• Panel Certificate

REScheck™

DEMONSTRATION

REScheck™ Compliance Certificate

REScheck™ Inspection Checklist

Inspection Checklist

• Mandatory requirements• Code presumes these

requirements are met• Moisture control• Building mechanical

systems and equipment• Service water heating• Duct construction and

insulation

The Shifting Arizona Market

Single-Family Building Permits:Phoenix and Maricopa County

Case Study Residential Remodel

& photo tour

Residential Case StudyRetrofit of Existing Building: Central Phoenix

Before Retrofit Building Features• 2 x 4 wood framed construction, R-13 batt

insulation

• Wood framed roof construction, no attic

insulation

• Single pane windows, vinyl and wood frame

• Gas furnace, low-efficiency air conditioner

• INEFFICIENT HOUSE

• LEAKY AND UNINSULATED

• HIGH ENERGY BILLS

• PRE-RETROFIT HERS INDEX: 238

Residential Case StudyRetrofit of Existing Building: Central Phoenix

YouthBuild

STRATEGY

- Reduce Building Envelope Heat Gain and Loss

- Reduce Internal Heat Gains- Reduce Air Infiltration and Leakage

Consequently, Heating & Cooling Loads were significantly LOWERED- Install high efficiency heating and cooling system

Residential Case Study Retrofit of Existing Building: Central Phoenix

STRATEGY: REDUCE ENVELOPE LOADS

BUILDING ENVELOPE

• WindowsPreviously: single pane, with high U-value

Replaced by: double pane, low-e insulating glass

• Attic Previously:

negligible, misaligned roof insulation

Replaced by: R-38blown-in roof

insulation

Description IECC Case Study

Ceilings R-30 R-38

Windows U Value

0.65 0.33

INSULATION: BEYOND CODE

FENESTRATION: BEYOND CODE

STRATEGY: REDUCE INFILTRATION

INFILTRATION AND DUCT LEAKAGE

• Air Infiltration- a major cause of energy loss in homes

• Cracks and crevices allow for air leakage – leading to higher heating and cooling loads.

• Up to 40% of the home’s energy can be lost through the attic.

• The EnergyComplete system used in the case study project reduces whole house infiltrationExisting House 2465 CFM @

50pa22.08 ACH@50pa

Retrofitted House

1000 CFM @ 50pa

8.9 ACH @50pa

Code Compliant House

800 CFM @50pa

7 ACH @ 50pa

INFILTRATION: Significantly BETTER

STRATEGY: REDUCE INTERNAL LOADS

INTERNAL LOADS

• High efficiency lighting• EnergyStar certified

appliances• Dishwasher• Refrigerator

STRATEGY: REDUCE INTERNAL LOADS

HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM• High efficiency heating and cooling

systems.

• Old Domestic Hot Water System Replaced by an Instant Hot water system, Natural Gas, 0.80 EF.

System Code Case Study

Gas Furnace 80AFUE 94AFUE

Air Conditioner SEER 13 SEER 16

HEATING & COOLING: BEYOND CODE

After Retrofit Building Features

• 2 x 4 wood framed construction, R-13 batt

insulation

• R-5 exterior continuous insulation

• R-38 roof insulation

• Double pane windows

• Gas furnace, high-efficiency 94 AFUE

• High-efficiency AC – 16 SEER

• Reduced Infiltration and duct leakage

• Insulated supply and return ducts

• EFFICIENT HOUSE

• POST-RETROFIT HERS INDEX: 58

Residential Case Study NAHB National Green Building Program

HERS Index is a scoring system

established by the Residential Energy

Services Network (RESNET)

retrofit

Pre-retrofit

42% more

efficient

180% more

efficient

Estimated

Monthly

Electricity

Charge

Residential Case Study NAHB National Green Building Program

Estimated

Annual

Utility SAVINGS

Ratings

1204 E Oregon

purchase price – 55ksales price – 160k

days on market - 25

Video – Case Study

Resources

• http://www.iccsafe.org• http://www.energycodes.gov• http://bcap-energy.org• http://www.naseo.org• http://www.eere.energy.gov• https://energycode.pnl.gov/REScheckWeb/• https://energycode.pnl.gov/COMcheckWeb/• http://resourcecenter.pnl.gov/cocoon/

morf/ResourceCenter

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