Transcript of TASK-BASED INSTRUCTION TO ENHANCE … · · 2016-12-0851254903 : major: (curriculum and...
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TASK-BASED INSTRUCTION TO ENHANCE COMMUNICATION SKILLS
By
Mrs. Tassanee Tarapom
A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
the Degree
Doctor of Phllosophy Program in Curriculum and Instruction
Department of Curriculum and Instruction
Graduate Schoo~ SUpakorn University
Copyright of Graduate School, SUpakom University
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51254903 : MAJOR: (CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION) KEY WORD : ENGLISH
FOR HOTEL TRAINING PROGRAM/ TASK-BASED INSTRUCTION/
ENGLISH COMMUNICATION SKILLS TASSANEE TARAPORN: THE DEVELOPMENT OF
HOTEL ENGLISH TRAINING
PROGRAM FOCUSING ON TASK-BASED INSTRUCTION TO ENHANCE COMMUNICATION
SKILLS. THESIS ADVISORS : ASST. PROF. SA-NGIAM TORUT, Ph.D.,
ASST.PROF. PRANEE NILAKORN, Ph.D., ASST.PROF. PIMRAWEE
ROCHARUNGSAT, Ph.D. 331 pp.
The purposes of the research were; 1) to analyze needs of
stakeholders for English for hotel training curriculum, 2) to
develop and test the efficiency of a English for hotel training
curriculum for 3rc1 year hotel students, 3) to compare students'
ability in English for hotel communicative skills and effect size,
and 4) to investigate the students' opinions toward the hotel
English training curriculum.
The sample, selected by simple random sampling technique, comprises
30 third-year hotel students of academic year 2013, Faculty of
Hospitality and Tourism Industries, Rajamangala University of
Technology Rattanakosin. The students did the pretest, attended the
hotel English training program, did the posttest and answered the
questionnaire on their opinions toward English for hotel training
program within the duration of36 hours.
The instruments used for gathering data consisted of; 1) table of
content analysis 2) English for hotel training program included 1 0
units of materials 3) pretest and posttest for achievement on
communication skills in English for hotel and 4) a questionnaire on
opinions toward the English for the hotel training program.
The paired-sample t-test and effect size were used to analyze the
data in order to assess the students' ability in English for hotel
communication skills before and after attending the training
program. Mean and standard deviation of items were used to evaluate
the students' opinions toward the training program.
The results of the study were as follow: 1. There are needs for
English for hotel training program in content, language
functions and skills, learning activities, and evaluation which
congruent toward hotel situations.
2. The efficiency score of the English for hotel training program
was 83.13/78.48. The average score of the English formative test
from 10 units was 83.13 percent and the average score of the
posttest was 78.48 percent. Consequently, the efficiency score is
higher than the expected criterion (75/75).
3. The students' ability in English for hotel communication skills
was significantly higher at the 0.051evel. The effect size of
ability was 6.06.
4. The students' opinions toward the English for hotel training
curriculum were highly positive.
Department of Curriculum and ~truction Graduate School, Silpakorn
University
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unfinw11u~utflm11Jm1~6ffl1~1f.l "' '! " ,.. A ~ .I 'I t1 "' .-1 ~
.,
fi11:116~flql:lt'Ufftll'Ufl11W'ilH
l'UtH'illfl'lllflfl11HflH'Ufl11t'lf1ll1:116·mql:ll'Wtlfll'H16ff17fl'UU'Ilfl
' I .... 1 I <0 Cl t/ 'I t/ " <'l t/ .I"' _, I di
'1111~H't'l~ tU HU11Jtlll1~lrlll~VI6 'il~flfJ~ t'Jfl1G11
t'Uf11111tl'UlUGI~f11:iu1'U~16~1~rJ:::t1a111U~
'l'h 1 lfu nfinHl'lllflfl111JJu 1 'il 1 um'l'~tlffl'l' 'Ul~flf
~'Vff.lltJ1JJ11am~fJ~fl11~tlffl1fl'Utt'lln ua::ii
fiGJ~flU'!i~ffniflll'llum1u1nntt'lln~J.Jlnn 'I' ~., ... A l t
"''1'J
t'Ua'1'U'Iltl~fl111J.gUGI~Gifll:IW~'IltHf111:116~flql:lt'Vftlfl11
Htt11JUU U'U11t U
m lllfl ~ f1 q wm 'Vf 1::: O'il ~Ufl fl~ H ft1Jf111:11fl~ nq 1:1~,
.U~tla'l'l' i1, u ,f ~ d l d 6 ~'ill fl~ a fll:l w::: 'II tl~
f111
~ I Ql Q.l d<t 'J) Gl _J4 0.1 Q.l t/ a'6fflH:::111H1WI'U1i111J
1:::A'U'Iltl~f111:11'Yit'Jf fl111J~fll'Vf
Glfll:IW:::'Iltl~f1111J{)fflJl'IU1i ua:::
.. ... , ~ ' oiQ ~ ,J, Q.l t ~ ~ tl .Q Q ,tl 'il~1'Yif.ll 'U'J3flt
Vltlff ~tff:i1Jf111'U1 flll ~~U'U1lt1JU rt ~ fllJtYln'~
11ll1:11Ua::; 'il~1'Yif.I1'Yil~ fll'i 'Jffill:ll
~ .... un~1u,rt1~nnu
U6fl'illndJ~ih16~'116~1i,,1Jtua1Ju1:::t't'fw~,u 11~u11J
mtnlJl'if.ll'n ~H'l ~ttfl n~ 1 ~'ill n~ 1 u u 1 m1u 1 :::mn ~u 'Yh
1 1f n l'i 1 .U1111:116~nq 1:11 u fll'!i~tlff11Ufl11JJ aiu ~tlumn
d_ ,1 Ql lJJ S}QI "':'~ I .ct ~ ~ ~ Q.l
V~'llu ua:::Vtun~l'Utl1'!i tfl'!i'Ufl11Hfltl'U1JJ6ttHA n~u
'il1f1~1U1'iltl'll6~ Katz (1983), Blue ua::
Harun (2003), Leslie ua::: Russell (2006)
h)guJuanww:::'lltl~f111:11fl~nqwi~ntin ua:::n!ui1
f11'!iniPliU11JflflGJ1m~uiju1i~1U1u
i'i~ttnJllf~u'i:::ffnifllfHJ:::cM1f.lllf~1n'ilU'l':~ff'Ufl111Jtllt~'il
1~ i~Ju i1 ~u '!i1Jff1u 1 wqjlui~ 1 utot;fa Q 1
'!iuuGJ:::.fJi'iil1flnl'!ino~t~fJ1~U'l ~ 11i1~1 -d
tlUl lfl~ nq 'l!U1'J U1ll1lli!U i~n f.l1tll1J6B1~g~~'il~ n9JIU
lfl111Jff11Jl'Hl 1 u fll'j~flffl1'116~f4U fl~l'U
11f~u1~ffni mVtmm~fflJ 1 u fl11'l'll~lu
hw~in1l~fl111Jff1mHl'lltl~VIU n~1u i 1 ~u 71J~ t1 'I .1"' ......
..,. ., v 'I A A v 'l ~6-:lflU t'Uf1111J{)1Jfi-:Jl'U 6l'YI
'!iZfi'Utl111Jlfl1llJffllJ1Hlt'Ufl111Hln'111f46fl111Jl'lllt'il~llJ
fftl1Uf11'iW inw~m11't1mw16-:~nq11~ffo~ l't1tf-:~~nn11::
tiom1.W~m113A nnthuua:::nTn;itJu
0111 .Ut111:116~ nqw ~mJ.Jl::: fflJft'UffCJlU m Vt uGJ::: nu 1
't1mw16~ nq11~111 m::: ffJ.Jtilwi'unu
Stla'l'i'i:::ldH'l9JIUD'nlJ (Leslie ua::: Russell, 2006: 231-
259)
f111llfl-:lfl(}l:lt'h111'1Jf11'!i~6ffl11U~l'U
h~tt11JU~fl~HilfltlUllfl~fl(}l:llU'Vfl~01l'rf1 hJ
t ,X .A "'·" ., tl ' ' ' tl Ql !II "'
'YI-:I'UI'Utl-:111lfl1JlJ'il'ilfJ'YIH~1UfffJ1Uill'Vf1:::111H~ff'U'YI'UlUa:::fl11lJU~fl~l~fll'U11'l!'Uti1':ilJI'IIl1JllJ
t d j} ~ I ~ ~QI A 0
ff1UtnfJ1'116~t1J'IHltJH1Jlfl 'illflfll'Jnf111111W'II6~ Blue ua~
Harun (2003) 1't'ftln'l11'il~11'ilfftl'U
uGJ:::th'lfm.tailflfll'!ifYmnanww~ m1 1-*mwl 1 u ~1u 11 ~u1 J.JlJ 1
l 't11 u fll'l'ff~1-:~11a n~~' 1Jnou11J
1,.., ., t~d.ot .I "-1""""" !JI 1' ' "' i 11fl'U'VfU
fl-:llUUa~fj'YI1Jfl111Ju1~ff ~fHlZu{)1J~-:IlU~lU fll'!i t
HU'JlJ'Vf'U11 f111:116~fl(j1:1 HU'JlJ
tf!Uf111:111lllf41~~l-dtl4 6fll1~tln'l11 U~l'U 11 ~U 'J'lJUa~~~
f111W:::Wltl'l:I~U~fl~N'illflf1111 oN
8
... Q, "" a ,.,Q I 1 .. fl1141tHflt)'tH\ll'fl::fl'il
Uffl'\116l'll'l'ft!U fl1'Hl:: t'll'fl111 fl1141 HU'UJ (Hospitality
Language) tU
"' ... "" .A , "1 i "" "' .X ...
fl11!'Hlfl'\11Ufll'Mltl~flt]14!\ll'f1:fl'iHl'f6 'll' Ufll':i
HUUmWl'l!~H.I1 Utlfl'illflU il11416~flt]14
h~U'ilJfl1'i'il::!~Ufl1141fl~flq14~NfflJNffTUflU1::'W:h~fl1141tl~flt)14
h~mlJ (Hospitality English)
... .:.. , .. I A ~ d il Ql I 1 " "
ua::.fl1141tl~flt]14l'l1 u (General English)
1Utl-3'il1fllJfl11lJ!fll.f1'\ltl-3flUU~ 1::111Hfll':i t'll'
.fl1141fl'-3nq14 i1 1 tJnu wU',~nHfl1141 ffl'fnua::d1u 1u~ '1 cNi u
nu h ~u 111 ua:: l~11ti ~
fl1141U-3flt]14 h~1111J6Ufll~U 2 l11::!.fll'lfl6
.fl1141U~flt]14!i!l'f1::fl'ilt~Bfln h~mlJ (English for
specific hospitality purposes -ESHP)
11a::tn141U-3flt)14.J1111t~Bfl11 h~1111J (English for general
i d .., "' A i hospitality purposes~ EGHP) ~ t1 l'l .fl1141 U ~ fl
q 14! i!l'f 1:: fl 'illl'f B fll 1 H U 1 lJ fl1 1 fl 1 B 1J fl
')lJ
.fl1141U>lflt)14~icN~vffut~Bfl1ninn! 1~i U>llU h ~11 111 mii
m1~t~u i'uu 'Ufl nu Check~in, , 'J)'JI ..,; ... ..: • i i ,'J)'JI d
...
Check~out, fll':i 11'Utllq!alm.l1fl1Jff>l61U1Ufl111Jff::~1fl
Ufll':i Hl!llJ fl11 11'\1Blq!alfltl1fl1J
lftNri'fl fl111J'1fl11U1111'iUa::fl111J'1fl11~'W"ll~ 'W~'W
!l~.fl1141U~flq14...f1 1tJt~Bfl11 h ~U'ilJ fl11
... ..~ .. 'J).. 1'J)'J) .:..,.. i"'J) d ... d \l::fl161Jfl~lJ
.fl1141B~flt)14l'l t'll' t'Wfll':i 11'\1Ulq!al'l1 u fl111JUfll'lH
fll':i 11'\1Blq!alfltl1fl1Jfffll'Wl'l
fl6-l!~tl1 fl11~B1Jrll~B>l'UB (Request) ~U"l ~61'il'il::
1,j!~U11i'B~tl1Jfl111J'1fl11 i Hl!':ilJ i~tJ;jH~ l/J'J/ I i" ~~ d
'JI ... , i I dJ d t~ 11a::11u~n11
'll'.fl1141B6fltu'W1::v:::;jllJ!1a1nu'llm'\11lJ1l'ffl u Hl!llJ
flt111flU 1:::v::nmn
.eli d 0 i'j} " "QI ~ .d. 0 , U'llfllJltN (Arrival) 1:: a::na1nl'l1
11U'IIflfJUtfltiUa::~1lfl1J1 mma::: ff >lBlU
1l.ffl111Jff:::iil1fl u
1HU'.ilJ (Familiarisation) 1::v:::~11'11fl1~u'7m'.i'lltH h~tt':ilJ
(Engagement) ua:::1:::t1::~11'11nfha~ Q "' i I ..~, iJd, j} ~ Ql 1
o d dl
\l::t~l'Wl'll~fla1J6Bfl'il1fl HU11J (Departure) ff1'U.fl1141'VI
'lffl;jB~lJafl14tll::!'f1.fll'W ~Wfll'W~fH
fffll'W::!'U B~ 'lJfl fl a (interpersonal) 11 a:: fl111Jlt;j fl9h31
:miH 1Jflfla~1~1W~'W 1i ':i'.i lJ til.! (Cross-
.f , 'JI l c:j4 _,S Ql I "' .. t Q .. J/ cultural)
'Wtlfl\l1fl'Ufl11 'll'.flllll'VIll'll~ (Body Language)
fllJfl111Jn1fltytlfJHU>lt'Wfll'.iff~!ff'l'lJ 111
.t!l , t ~ ~ 0 y ~4 d Q Ql 1 d (ESHP)flBAtl~ff
~!ff11Jfl111J'l'fll':iUa:: fll'l'llll.IUa::VJl 1 11!!'11fllfffl~
ua::tfl~fl111JiJ1:: l'llJ 1ll'l11:::
... 1, "" n au lJl 'll'U 1 m 1
' " ' a fl14W::'IIt~>l.fl1141U~flq14ll 1~1 lJ fll'i i 1 ~U
llJUU'WBfl'illfl'il:: i ~ffBffl'.itilJ~flfllU'1::11'11 fl
~1Jlri'mt~1 fl11~Bffln:::w:h>ll'fU fl>ll'W i lJ h ~U'.i:J.J
~tri'W a >l\lll~'W 'illflfl11tlfl141'116~ Katz (2001)
l'flJ -j, i lJ h >l11 1 lJ~ijl'ftl' fl>ll'W lJ l'W l'll'l~ri
H l'W l11J til.! fflJ'i'ltl u:: fll'.i 1 ~.fl1141U>l nq 14 !~
tlfll'J
~tlffl'l i lJ fll'lriH1U061~lJ a ~~1'\'1 i lfl'f U fl~l'U ~ riHllJ
l11J ti U ~fffl~ tiUfll'lril~ lUi lJ lllJl~l.f1tiU .. 1 i 'JI <V
a -:!\ ... Q 'JI I I OJ 'JI ~ vm1 'll'fll141B~ n q 141l'fB fll':i n
B ffl 1 'II B ~ l'f 'W fl>ll'W fl11 1J fl111J ~ fl;j t~>l
flat~ ~u fl a 1l'f6 n'W 11a::: ;j 6 ~
rllU>l0-3fl1llJ!l;jfl~H'VIH1W~'W 1i'l'l'lJ~1tJ l~v l~nl'udrh
nn~l'fu fl>ll'W h ~u 'llJ'il:: l11::ffu
9
"'
1umniWJul~an-u~ri~nfl1J1l.JftTtno.:Jnql>u~am1 i1.:J!!1l.J
ttlum1Nffl.JN'fl'lu1::::'HiH
!I "' .., "' .Jl !I A A 1 1 !'. ..; "" tl
fl'lll.J~!U'Vtl:l::tll'.lf'Vt 01Jl\J111J1JftHJlfl.:JOi]lfVI
'.lf!'Vtfl011fffl'fl'11 lJ.:JllJ H!!'il.JlJlJ I:Jt\111~! lJ
"' "" .li !I • 'L 11 !1!"1 " "" !I ftl'hllfl\IOt]lUU'Vtl:l::01l
(English for Specific Purpose) CJt\lllJlJ011lJ1 nJ '.If
&l.l'fi'Cill.ln11Wfll'.lf'Vt~llJ
011 lH!!1lJ Mackey !!rl:l:: Mountford (1978: 23-25)
nal'lini'WJtJ1fll'J'Iltl.:Jfl11'fl'fll.lfl11>110\IOt]'hl
m 'Vtl:l:: n1ltn~1l10!!1.:JUtJ~lr~ 111 lum1 1
fm'hll!~tltn<s~m1'111u.:Jll.ltl1;'Vt t~amni'~tJ11.h::::tntY . .
-4 J/0.1 ~ f QJ ~
CJt\lfffl~flrltl\101J Finocchiaro ur~:::: Brumfit (1983: 44-47)
'lf\l'i:l::'IJ'llfl11'fl'fll.lfll'hlltl\IOt]l>I!U'Vtl::::n1l
.c:t. "J I 0 d J) Ql 1 fj} fJ}d a! £, I.~ Q,l , ')/ d, , .J J)e:1
!U'Vfl::n1l&l.J1ll!Ul.lflfl\11l'fl
'HF;jlH.IUt'WUftll>llfl\111lJ'fl11fl~tl\11l'fl l1l'Jfll.l
l.l'lltl1Jt'llflflr;j!1fJU
lla.:JnT:mr~::th 1tJ1flu m111i]llii\11Ufll;'Vt'lltl.:JJi1t.tu
11.adH~ 1~om1::\lltJ 1 u i 1 \IH'Jl.J~~~fl.:J 1 f
fll'hllo\lnq'hlt~fl9i'fl~fl~fl'fl'l'Jft1J~ntfl~~hfityfia
ihollaut'1J fho1J';m1m1111 fhau~Ultl ur~::
,:ho1J';m-s~u.,~lla.:J11i]ff'mi'uno1J~ntf, i'fltJf'IH
f:i111i'1J!!l.l 'l'YIH 1 u fll'i i~fll'.iflO'hll!!rt::::
fll'.iNOfl1J1l.Jvf~tJli nl>l::ftll>llO\IOt]l>l 1
un~l.J
1Jflflrtlm.J\IltJ1::~1J tfl1r.tl.JvtUO\IllJ (Pre-service) Uri::
'WU0'11lJ1l;\l (In-service) l'lflif,)Wftl'Wlu . . . 'J} 'J} ;;!!. y
... ..s • ""'"" 'J} ""'
'flll.l fl'lll.J l fl1ll.J 'fl'll.J 11 fill r1:::: n 11 n fl ffl 1
~ 1 r.till'hllfl\1 n q 1>1 'fl'fll u tln 'hll!!rt:::: 11u
'lfJ\IlU fllJ 11'\.J lfl
t'1JW'fl'Jffl1J fl'l'ii~ 1 'lfiim'.i\Jt'1J111 \111
anuf'J'.i11f.li'.lflftl'hllfl\10fj'hll~flfl11 i HU'il.J !!rl:l::11a
n-um
~ "" "' i 1 !1<0 ..t ~ 1 1 !I "" "' d
fl11HOfl1J'Jl.Jfll1>11fl\IOq'hli'Vtflfll'i H!!'.il.J
~l.JfJWfll'WfJ\I'IIlJ ~fJ
'.lfm::::1J1lJfl11Vf~lJ111riO'Ufl'ifl
!I "" " _., 'J} 4 1 !IIIII !I ~ d "' "' !lJlJ 0 U'l!fl'il:l:: '11
ff ftl'Vt llt'!J111!!rl:: fl1ll.Jflfl \1 fll1 !'Vt fl 11 I~~ U
111l.J lf.lfi'Jf~ I 1llJ!!rl;:: fl'.i\1 01Jfl'lll.J
!I "" 1 "" .P ""' "' Ql ,l 4. "' d, fltl\lfll'i1lH
l.lfll'.i'Vt~l.ll !!rl:l::~fl.:Jl.Jfl11'Vt~lJ111riO'fl'~1
!'\.Jtl111 ffflfll'i'fl'fll.l llri::01ln':i'ilJfl11!UllJ .. fl11
'fl'fll.l llrl:l:: 011\J'i:l::!JJlJNrl 1 lJ ff ftl'Vt1l1 \1 ~fl'i
\1 ft1Jfl1Hil\lllJ!!rl:l::'fl'll.J11fllil 1 tJ1 f, l.adHli
.I .... .... 4 1 !I "' ':.'II .: "' .I "' .... 1 0 111.1,, ,p I
u'i:l::'fl'fltiftl'Vt I'Wfl
1111riO'Ufi1HOfl1J'.il.J'U!O'flu1::::'fi''YJYiftl'Vt\J\Iq''fl
'Ufl11l.lllll 'Jf\lllJ flflCJH
1'11 l.Jl:l:: ff l.J
111n~mur~ ::::rt'lll.Jfflflt'!J'Ilfl.:J ff m'Vtifty~lurt::::.:Jll.l
iia 1 u l.1u mni'W~u lftl'hll0\1 nq 1>1
"" 'J} i .1111!1•"" !I "' ~ Ql ~ I il 'Vtl:l:: 011~ llJ fl1'.i
HU1l.J 'fl'lll I 'fl11l.Jfl'lll.J~tl.:Jfll'i11rl O'Ufl'i
fl1'.il10'hll!!rl ;::~ rl O'Ufl'iHOfl1J1l.J
m'hllfl\1 nq 'hltftam1~flffl'i 1 tJ\IltJ i 1 \l!!'.il.J ~~'i \1 o1J
ff m"Wn ntJnllii\lltJ 111\1 'i'll.J J\lfl11l.J~tl\l nn
'llt~\I"Wu m1u i 1 \1!!1l.J ~tJnllii\llt.~a~1 uif 111uuur~::::'l!
nflnmlt1u m1 i 1 \1!!1J.Jnt~\lt~tJ1~ 11::1'tY1~ m;'Vt'Vtun\11'\.J i
1 \lml.J 1uaulflfl
i~tJ~'Han~fl'.im1fln1>1111'ltl11anufi1Nntl1J'il.J~ vr~u,~uJu
fl'l'ilitl\lfl\J'.i::::Ofl1J 1111'
l~'llfl\lftl'hll~~Hft1Jfll'.i:l::\lllJ 1 lJ i Ht11l.J Ua
Ol>IW:l::~q'ftl'Vt!!rl:l:: thil\Jo\1
10
1J'l'll11'YI'U tH 'l.Jflfl'fl ij'tfmhil~!~V1 01Jfl11liU~ fl~H'i
~lf'lH iWI'l.! 1i1 11J lt'fl~ i tH~tlffl1 i umf Tfil
'j}Q, 'j) .c:t I ~ 'JI b.l fj}GJ fJ} J.ett:u=t
hun~fl11li!'U11~~ua~ff ~lff'illfll'i'Ultl ff1l~fl11ll1h~n1.1 h
111n1.1u 'UMna tHln~1nu 11ifll1
"" ~jl ,l1jl "i-11~jl01 ~ ... 1 .I"""""' "'di
l1eJUfl11fffl'Ufl~tl~Atltl 11ff1li110Ul u 'If
tAfl1Jfft:ll'Ufll'iflHJH Ufll1u!)1.1~~1'Utll'lfl1 CJf~fll1
jl • 1 jl j/Q 1 'j) .a __, d ~ 1 """" fftl'UU1JUI'U'Utl11~~1'U
(Task-based Instruction) ~~'lf1eJ 'Jflljl1r.J'U
'IU1ll111111Jfl'Ufl'U'l'l!fl~ 'U'lf19'1
C\ .o=:t J Ql :, Ql Q,l 41 ..
\!HlJlfleJ~'U'U (Willis ua~ Willis, 2000 : 186 - 192)
~~'U'Ufll1'WWI'U111'flfl~9'11fll1fl'fll11111fl
Q,l ~ d <V 'j) IV I~ d ct 0 ~· • ct A 1!11 11 a fl-g'911 Afltltl
'i1J'l'l9l'i ~ fl1Jfl111J~tl~fll1 ua~ff mnu qj111A~
fl'fll1\J~!tluff~ 111!u u 6eJ1~rJ~ !'W6 11
'riu 011 ffmu nu w fl11ll~6~fll11Jfli:llm ~ljfl11ll ffllJ 11 o1 u
fll1~flffl1~1tlf11l1 16~ nqlJ 1 u
mfltJ91ff111m1llm11 1 ~u11Jua~m1ntJ~~~v1~tha~~~1J 19lmh~11Ath1916
iu n18lJU1UA~H11lio
..s 01 _., jl ~ ':!II "' J. \11flfl11ll "lflqj uqj111U'fl~
fftl1'Wfl1lll ~tl~fllllf'flfl\1'9'11 Aflfl111ll flllJ
1fl~flql11l'ffl flll
h~mll ~~'W1111W1111'J~~fi~~u1ui1"~tiu i~url
tn1'Umv~1'Ufl~mfllfl'1l1Jfl"f191ff111nnllm1 nfl~! ~tl111 'fl~ n11l1
~U 'ill, 'tf6fll11U ~9llll1Jl9'11 fl'U ffll11 tll.!~ 'l.Jfl 1:11fl1
fll'i ntJ~l~tnU lf ~ tl1! Ctivu
(ACCSTP), Nann fffll11 ff f11'W UqJ'Hl1 u m1 ~flff11 ~1ammti~nq
lJ'UtJ ~..,,r n~1u 11 ~u 11J~ ,uj~
'U1AU'i~ffni m'W, Ntlfll'iffmnmin~~'i fll'i fffll11tl1l1
1tl~nql1t'i4tJm'i 11 ~u 'ill, tn1fffll11lfl nffn
"' A 1 !ll J/d • d !ll o ~ ."f .... fll 'i ff6'U flllJ 16~ nq lJ l
'Vftl fll'i 1 ,m 1 lJUi:l ~ fl11ll9'16-3 fll'i 'U tl~
llj1Jff1'UlfllJ1'U 6~ fll11U AtlJ'U u 11\1 tl
o !11 A • .... 1 01 01 ':!II 01 A 1 d Ull'U 11 l'f 6 fll11 'U
AUi:l~ U'U 1flA 'U fll'il'f WI U1'Jf 'flfl~~ 1 F'lfl61J1llflll11fl~
nq lJl'Vf 6fll1 1 ~ U 'i1J'Y19'11 ~
01.1fl11ll~6~ m1 1u mnil hJl <l11l~ 1 Av1.f11anm1nql1a
fll'iiivua::W'W~u 1 (Research and
Development)
nu finlJ l'rtWI u 1'Jfa n~911Nflfl1J'ill 1 Am·ilu~a~~1tl u i ,.,.
6~116 n~9'!1~i tl~ ij fl111J
I 11ll 1~ ffll01Jfft:ll'U flUW 'Utl~ nul fml11tl~flq lJUl'Vf1::
n1J~ 1'U nn1 'i ~u 'i 1J ua~tr!u tlfllJ~
ml116~nqlJ~nfu m1 a6ff11 1 ~v~t1~fft1~ t1~t1~ o11 ~ 1u ~11~ mil u
ffmu nnw";~ \11 nm1f1nlJ1
' .I !ll "'~ rJ .I d l'f1.111~ ult'U1J fl11ff6'UU 'Uti! 'U 'Ufll'i~
~1U (Task-based Instruction) \HI U~ult1.111fll'ifffl'U'l'l
111ll1::ffll lu fll1ff6'UflllJ1~lj!i)1'Jfll1vt'i4tJm11flu
fl11U~1.1~~1'U 1At.I!U l'fl:: ;tlll~ Nunan
(1989), Richard ua~ Rogers (2001), ua~ Ellis (2003)
i~ffl11H'1AV~tl1lJ1tl~flqlJ~lflum'i
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