Post on 15-Jan-2016
Subject and Object Pronouns; Direct and Indirect Objects
Gifting and Re-Gifting
Gift Giving
Hi Bob. Happy Birthday! This gift is for you. I hope you like it.
It’s for me? Oh, thank you. You shouldn’t have.
Oh, it’s perfect. The colors are just right for me.
Re-GiftingRe-Gifting
Hi Al. Happy Birthday! I have a gift for you. I hope you like it.
Hey, where did you get that shirt? But I gave it to him!
Well, Bob gave it to me. For me? Oh, thanks. I really like it!
Bob loves Linda.He
Subject PronounsA pronoun replaces a noun. A subject pronoun replaces a noun in subject position.
S
Bob loves Linda. her.
O
Object PronounsAn object pronoun replaces a noun inobject position.
Subject Pronouns
Object Pronouns
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
I
you
he
she
it
we
they
Subject and Object Pronouns
Example: Tom fed his baby sister.
1. Jennifer got the keys.
2. The candy is for Michael and me.
3. Hormoz and Shemi took the test.
S
S
S
He fed her.
She got them.
It is for us.
They took it.
Practice 1Identify the subjects and objects in the sentences. Replace them with
pronouns.
O
O
O
O
S
Adverbs of Frequency
Let’s begin!
What are frequency adverbs?
Frequency adverbs are adverbs that state
how often something happens or someone
does something.For example,Eric often rides a bicycle.Andy goes to school by himself
everyday.Next Slide
Table of Frequency Adverbs
always 100%
nearly/almost always
90%
usually 80%
very often/frequently
70%
often 60%
sometimes 50%
occasionally 40%
almost ever/ never
20%
seldom/almost never
10%
never 0%
Next Slide
Examples of Frequency Adverbs
I always brush my teeth in the morning. (100%)
She usually arrives to work on time. (90-99%) I visit my grandparents frequently. (75-90%) My dog often sleeps on my bed with me. (75-
90%) Sometimes he eats eggs for breakfast. (25-
50%) I go for a walk in the park occasionally. (25-
50%) We seldom eat out. (10-25%) My family rarely goes on vacation. (1-10%) He never helps me clean the house. (0%)
Next Slide
Test your knowledge on frequency adverbs.
Andy is an excellent student. He _____ goes to class.
1. always2. usually3. sometimes4. seldom
Table of Frequency Adverbs
always 100%
nearly/almost always
90%
usually 80%
very often/frequently
70%
often 60%
sometimes 50%
occasionally 40%
almost ever/ never
20%
seldom/almost never
10%
never 0%
Go back to test
Try this!
Eric goes to the gym only two or three times a year. He ____ goes to the gym.
1. always2. never3. usually4. seldom
Test your knowledge again.
Mike goes to the beach whenever he can. He _____ misses a chance to go to the ocean.
1. never2. always3. usually
Positions of Frequency Adverbs 1
If the sentence has only one verb in it, weusually put the adverb in the middle of
thesentence, i.e. after the subject and beforethe verb:
subject
adverb verb predicate
Andy always goes to school by car.
Next Slide
Positions of Frequency Adverbs 2
The adverb usually comes after the verb "be":
subject verb adverb predicate
Sam is frequently late
Next Slide
Positions of Frequency Adverbs 3
When using adverbs of frequency in the negative form, put the adverb before the main verb.
(cf. Never, rarely, seldom and other negative sense of frequency verbs are not used in the negative form.)subject Verb 1 adverb Verb 2 predicate
She doesn’t usually drink wine.
Next Slide
Positions of Frequency Adverbs 4
Adverb SOMETIMES
adverb subject Verb 1 predicate
Sometimes
he goes to church.
subject verb predicate adverb
He goes to church sometimes.
Next Slide
Exceptions: Always cannot be placed at the beginning or
end of the sentence. Never, rarely, and seldom cannot go at the
end of a sentence. They only can be put at the beginning of a sentence and have to be followed by the special word order. For example,
Rarely had the orchestra given a worse performance. Seldom has there been a better time to discuss our differences.
Next Slide
Let’s take a quick quiz.
Read each sentence below, then decide if the[Frequency Adverb] goes “before” or “after” theverb. never BEFORE AFTER I eat green onions.
always BEFORE AFTER Eric is happy when he plays with his best
friend.
Frequency adverbs answer the question “How often”, and sometimes numbers
are included.
How often do you play soccer?• I play twice a week.
• How often do you eat candies?• Once a week, we eat candies.
• Frequency adverbs usually goes on second position!– Christine smokes. (never)
• Christine never smokes.
• When sentences include verb to be , the frequency adverb goes after the «BE» verb.
– Tom is very friendly. (usually)– Tom is usually very friendly.
For Practicing a little more
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=6502
Learning …
Direct Object
Bob sent roses to his mother.
Direct and Indirect Objects 1
Some sentences have two objects following the verb.
Indirect Object
Direct Object
Direct and Indirect Objects 2
Direct objects answer the questions whom or what.
Bob sent roses to his mother.
What did Bob send?What did Bob send?
Indirect objects answer the questions to whom or to what.
To whom did he send the roses?To whom did he send the roses?
Indirect Object
Subject Pronouns
Direct Object Pronouns
Indirect Object Pronouns
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
I
you
he
she
it
we
they
Pronouns
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
Example: My friend sent us a gift in the mail.
Practice 2Identify the direct objects (DO) and (IO) indirect objects in the sentences.
DOIO
DOIO
DOIO
DO IO
1. The mother read her children a bedtime story.
2. I handed the teacher the homework.
3. My parents wrote a letter to the company.
IODO
Lola sent them to him.
IO DO
Lola sent Bob the slippers.
Be Careful!If the direct object is a pronoun, the pronoun always comes before the indirect object.
himhim themthem
Practice 3 Replace the direct and indirect objects with pronouns.
Example: I sent my mother some e-mails.
1. We showed Lisa the movie.
2. My sister loaned the car to Phil and me.
3. They passed the notes to Mr. Jackson.
I sent them to her.
We showed it to her.
My sister loaned it to us.
They passed them to him.