Subject and Object Pronouns; Direct and Indirect Objects

Gifting and Re-Gifting

Gift Giving

Hi Bob. Happy Birthday! This gift is for you. I hope you like it.

It’s for me? Oh, thank you. You shouldn’t have.

Oh, it’s perfect. The colors are just right for me.

Re-GiftingRe-Gifting

Hi Al. Happy Birthday! I have a gift for you. I hope you like it.

Hey, where did you get that shirt? But I gave it to him!

Well, Bob gave it to me. For me? Oh, thanks. I really like it!

Bob loves Linda.He

Subject PronounsA pronoun replaces a noun. A subject pronoun replaces a noun in subject position.

S

Bob loves Linda. her.

O

Object PronounsAn object pronoun replaces a noun inobject position.

Subject Pronouns

Object Pronouns

me

you

him

her

it

us

them

I

you

he

she

it

we

they

Subject and Object Pronouns

Example: Tom fed his baby sister.

1. Jennifer got the keys.

2. The candy is for Michael and me.

3. Hormoz and Shemi took the test.

S

S

S

He fed her.

She got them.

It is for us.

They took it.

Practice 1Identify the subjects and objects in the sentences. Replace them with

pronouns.

O

O

O

O

S

Adverbs of Frequency

Let’s begin!

What are frequency adverbs?

Frequency adverbs are adverbs that state

how often something happens or someone

does something.For example,Eric often rides a bicycle.Andy goes to school by himself

everyday.Next Slide

Table of Frequency Adverbs

always 100%

nearly/almost always

90%

usually 80%

very often/frequently

70%

often 60%

sometimes 50%

occasionally 40%

almost ever/ never

20%

seldom/almost never

10%

never 0%

Next Slide

Examples of Frequency Adverbs

I always brush my teeth in the morning. (100%)

She usually arrives to work on time. (90-99%) I visit my grandparents frequently. (75-90%) My dog often sleeps on my bed with me. (75-

90%) Sometimes he eats eggs for breakfast. (25-

50%) I go for a walk in the park occasionally. (25-

50%) We seldom eat out. (10-25%) My family rarely goes on vacation. (1-10%) He never helps me clean the house. (0%) 

Next Slide

Test your knowledge on frequency adverbs.

Andy is an excellent student. He _____ goes to class.

1. always2. usually3. sometimes4. seldom

Table of Frequency Adverbs

always 100%

nearly/almost always

90%

usually 80%

very often/frequently

70%

often 60%

sometimes 50%

occasionally 40%

almost ever/ never

20%

seldom/almost never

10%

never 0%

Go back to test

Try this!

Eric goes to the gym only two or three times a year. He ____ goes to the gym.

1. always2. never3. usually4. seldom

Test your knowledge again.

Mike goes to the beach whenever he can. He _____ misses a chance to go to the ocean.

1. never2. always3. usually

Positions of Frequency Adverbs 1

If the sentence has only one verb in it, weusually put the adverb in the middle of

thesentence, i.e. after the subject and beforethe verb:

subject

adverb verb predicate

Andy always goes to school by car.

Next Slide

Positions of Frequency Adverbs 2

The adverb usually comes after the verb "be":

subject verb adverb predicate

Sam is frequently late

Next Slide

Positions of Frequency Adverbs 3

When using adverbs of frequency in the negative form, put the adverb before the main verb.

(cf. Never, rarely, seldom and other negative sense of frequency verbs are not used in the negative form.)subject Verb 1 adverb Verb 2 predicate

She doesn’t usually drink wine.

Next Slide

Positions of Frequency Adverbs 4

Adverb SOMETIMES

adverb subject Verb 1 predicate

Sometimes

he goes to church.

subject verb predicate adverb

He goes to church sometimes.

Next Slide

Exceptions: Always cannot be placed at the beginning or

end of the sentence. Never, rarely, and seldom cannot go at the

end of a sentence. They only can be put at the beginning of a sentence and have to be followed by the special word order. For example,

Rarely had the orchestra given a worse performance. Seldom has there been a better time to discuss our differences.

Next Slide

Let’s take a quick quiz.

Read each sentence below, then decide if the[Frequency Adverb] goes “before” or “after” theverb. never BEFORE AFTER I eat green onions.

always BEFORE AFTER Eric is happy when he plays with his best

friend.

Frequency adverbs answer the question “How often”, and sometimes numbers

are included.

How often do you play soccer?• I play twice a week.

• How often do you eat candies?• Once a week, we eat candies.

• Frequency adverbs usually goes on second position!– Christine smokes. (never)

• Christine never smokes.

• When sentences include verb to be , the frequency adverb goes after the «BE» verb.

– Tom is very friendly. (usually)– Tom is usually very friendly.

For Practicing a little more

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=6502

Learning …

Direct Object

Bob sent roses to his mother.

Direct and Indirect Objects 1

Some sentences have two objects following the verb.

Indirect Object

Direct Object

Direct and Indirect Objects 2

Direct objects answer the questions whom or what.

Bob sent roses to his mother.

What did Bob send?What did Bob send?

Indirect objects answer the questions to whom or to what.

To whom did he send the roses?To whom did he send the roses?

Indirect Object

Subject Pronouns

Direct Object Pronouns

Indirect Object Pronouns

me

you

him

her

it

us

them

I

you

he

she

it

we

they

Pronouns

me

you

him

her

it

us

them

Example: My friend sent us a gift in the mail.

Practice 2Identify the direct objects (DO) and (IO) indirect objects in the sentences.

DOIO

DOIO

DOIO

DO IO

1. The mother read her children a bedtime story.

2. I handed the teacher the homework.

3. My parents wrote a letter to the company.

IODO

Lola sent them to him.

IO DO

Lola sent Bob the slippers.

Be Careful!If the direct object is a pronoun, the pronoun always comes before the indirect object.

himhim themthem

Practice 3 Replace the direct and indirect objects with pronouns.

Example: I sent my mother some e-mails.

1. We showed Lisa the movie.

2. My sister loaned the car to Phil and me.

3. They passed the notes to Mr. Jackson.

I sent them to her.

We showed it to her.

My sister loaned it to us.

They passed them to him.