DO NOW

Arrange yourselves, evenly, into 3 Arrange yourselves, evenly, into 3 separate groups – SOLIDS, separate groups – SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES. Each LIQUIDS, AND GASES. Each

group member will pretend to be group member will pretend to be a particle of that state of matter a particle of that state of matter and the group should arrange and the group should arrange

themselves in such a way as to themselves in such a way as to model what each state looks like.model what each state looks like.

States of MatterStates of Matter

Solids, Liquids, and GasesSolids, Liquids, and Gases

It’s all about understanding the It’s all about understanding the relationships between the relationships between the

particles!particles!

What is Matter?

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

                                                        

Kinetic Theory

• Kinetos – Kinetos – “to move”“to move”

• The theory states that “all particles The theory states that “all particles of matter are in constant motion.”of matter are in constant motion.”

• Can be applied to solids, liquids, and Can be applied to solids, liquids, and gases.gases.

Definition of a SOLID:

•Has a definite shape and volume•Can change shape if altered.•Solids can be crystalline – regular

repeating pattern of particles (salt, snow, desks)

•Solids can be amorphous – non-regular patterns of particles (butter, silly putty, rubber, plastics, glass)

Behavior of Solid Particles

• Particles exhibit strong attractions Particles exhibit strong attractions due to their close proximity.due to their close proximity.

• Particles are in Particles are in

motion similar to motion similar to

wiggling in your wiggling in your

seats.seats.

Definition of a LIQUID:

•Definite volume but not definite shape.

•Take on the shape of the container they are in.

•Liquids are often called “fluids” – substances that flow.

•Liquids can be poured.

Behavior of Liquid Particles•Particles are more spread apart but still

have attractions between themselves.

•The more the particles are attracted, the more slowly that a liquid will pour or move (viscosity).

Definition of A GAS:

•No definite shape and no definite volume.

•Take on the shape of the container they are in.

•Can be compressed.

Behavior of Gases

• Particles are so far apart that there is little or no attraction between them.

• Particles are crashing into each other; some slow down, others speed up.

• These particles have the highest energy.

Let’s look at some analogies!

How are billiard balls on a pool table like a gas?

How is a school of fish like a liquid?

How are people in a sold-out movie theater like a solid?

There are two other states of matter

that we need to mention:

• Plasma – 99% of all of the matter in the universe is made up of plasma. When matter occurs at extremely high temperatures, like those found on the sun or other stars, it exists as plasma.

1    1    Bose-Einstein Bose-Einstein Condensate:Condensate: The state The state of matter that exists of matter that exists at extremely low at extremely low temperatures like temperatures like those reaching those reaching absolute zero (-273absolute zero (-27300C, C, or 0 Kelvin). Particles or 0 Kelvin). Particles move so slowly that move so slowly that they behave as if they they behave as if they were just 1 particle.were just 1 particle.

What did you learn today?

Go back to your original Go back to your original groups and redo your groups and redo your models, this time also models, this time also explaining the “WHY”.explaining the “WHY”.

DensityDensityNow that you have some understanding of the Now that you have some understanding of the

states of matter and their particles, we must states of matter and their particles, we must look at a property of matter called density. look at a property of matter called density.

REMEMBER:REMEMBER:Mass Mass = the amount of matter (stuff) in an = the amount of matter (stuff) in an

object.object.Volume Volume = the amount of space that an object = the amount of space that an object

takes up. takes up.

D=D=MMassass

VVolumeolume

Density = the ratio of mass to Density = the ratio of mass to volumevolume

The more closely packed the particles, The more closely packed the particles, the more dense the substance is.the more dense the substance is.

A good way to remember the ratio is:A good way to remember the ratio is:

D=D=