Spread of the Reformation

Modern World HistoryMr. Jachimiec9/29/2015

Objectives for 9/29Comparing/contrasting different Protestant sects and CatholicismHypothesize how the Reformation impacts our society today

Peace of AugsburgEmperor Charles V is tired of fighting against the German princes1555 calls them to Augsburg (Catholics and Protestants)Princes agree that each ruler will decide the religion of his state

Reformation in EnglandHenry VIII is King of England at this time and wants a sonOriginally was a very devout CatholicPolitical needs tested his faithHad a daughter with wife, Catherine of Aragon

Henry just had a daughter, why would he want to divorce his wife?

Reformation in EnglandWanted to divorce Catherine but the church did not allow it

1527- Asks for annulment (dissolution of marriage) from Pope

Pope refuses- Henry takes his issue to Parliament

Reformation in EnglandHenry asks Parliament to end Pope’s power in England

1534- Act of SupremacyRecognized Henry as the official head of England’s Church

How was Henry VIII’s approach different than Martin Luther’s?

Reformation in EnglandHenry ends up having 6 wives in his life and gets 1 son Edward VI is ruler but too young to rule on his ownHis advisors are VERY ProtestantMary takes over and is VERY Catholic

Reformation in EnglandQueen Elizabeth I returns England to ProtestantismChurch of England (Anglican)

Priests were allowed to marrySermons could be in EnglishChurch kept some hierarchy and Catholic ritualsResult: Elizabethan Settlement (blending of Protestantism and Catholicism)

CalvinismJohn Calvin was 8 when Luther posted 95 Theses1536 “Institutes of the Christian Religion”

Expressed ideas about God, salvation, and human nature

Eventually spreads to Switzerland and John Knox

CalvinismPredestination

God chooses few people to save and he knows this from the beginning of timeHumans cannot earn salvation

Men and Women are sinful by natureVery strict nature that has softenedPresbyterians followed this as well

If your afterlife is predestined what motivation do you have to be a good

person? Is there any?

Spreading of IdeasAnabaptists

Very sparse-parts of Northern Italy and the NetherlandsNo real leaderBaptized only those old enough to decideIn Greek “baptize again”Church and state should be separate

Persecuted by both Protestants and Catholics

Led to Mennonites and Amish and influenced Baptists and Quakers

Catholic ResponseMany remained true to Catholicism“Catholic Reformation”Ignatius of Loyola

Gathers followersJesuits

Founded schoolsConverted to CatholicismStop spread of Protestantism

Catholic Response1534-1549 Pope has Cardinals investigate practices of Church and calls Council of TrentCouncil of Trent

Church’s interpretation of Bible was finalChristians must have faith AND good worksBible and Church tradition were equally powerful for guiding lifeIndulgences were valid but false selling was banned

Seminaries must be founded to properly train and educate priestsMonks need to return to simple routes by developing personal relationships with Christ

Roman Inquisition“Investigates” individuals accused of crimes related to the practice of alternate religious beliefs and practices.Often resorts to false accusations, kidnapping, torture, disappearances, house arrests

CloserHow does this whole period of Reformation (from Luther to the Catholic response) impact us today? Think about religions you have heard about, relationships between church and state, etc.Write your answer in a short paragraph (AT LEAST 3 sentences) and be ready to share!!!!!!