Social InstitutionsSocial InstitutionsUnit 8

FamilyFamilyFamily

◦Family of Orientation◦Family of Procreation◦Nuclear Family

Conjugal Family Single-Parent Families Binuclear Families

◦Extended Families Reconstituted Families Blended Families

FamilyFamilyKinship

◦Legitimate Birth◦Illegitimate Birth

Functionalist Family Functionalist Family TheoryTheory

SocializationAffection CompanionshipSexual RegulationEconomic Cooperation

Conflict Family TheoryConflict Family TheoryPatriarchyMatriarchyMarxian Gender Inequality

Theory◦Male vs Female roles

Family PatternsFamily PatternsMarriage

◦Monogomy◦Polygamy◦Polyandry

Partner Preferences◦Endogamy◦Exogamy◦Homogamy◦Marriage Gradient

Family Residence PatternsFamily Residence PatternsPatrilocal ResidenceMatrilocal ResidenceNeolocal Residence

Family Authority PatternsFamily Authority PatternsPatriarchyMatriarchyEgalitarian

Diana Baumrind’s Parenting Styles

Parent-Child AuthorityParent-Child Authority

Decent & Inheritance Decent & Inheritance PatternsPatterns

Patrilineal SystemMatrilineal SystemsBilateral Systems

American Family PatternsAmerican Family PatternsTraditionally…

◦Monogamous◦Engogamous◦Egalitarian◦Bilateral◦Nuclear

Modern…◦Serial Monogamy◦Divorce

Family ViolenceFamily ViolenceTypes:

◦Emotional◦Physical◦Social

Violence against childrenViolence against adults

◦Battered Wife Syndrome◦Elder abuse

Educational InstitutionsEducational InstitutionsFunctionalist:

◦Socialization◦Social control◦Selection & allocation◦Assimilation◦Innovation & Change

Basic research Applied research

Educational InstitutionsEducational InstitutionsConflict:

◦Tracking◦Credentialism

Educational InstitutionsEducational InstitutionsCultures of Education

◦Academic Subculture◦Fun/Recreational Subculture◦Delinquent Subculture

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Educational InequalityEducational InequalityColeman Report of 1966Inequality by Christopher Jenks in

1972Brown vs Board of Education

◦De jure segregation◦De facto segregation◦Busing

Magnet SchoolsMajority to Minority Transfer

Religious InstitutionsReligious InstitutionsReligionRitualBelief Systems

Types of ReligionTypes of ReligionSimple SupernaturalismAnimismTheismMonotheismPolytheism

◦TotemismTranscendent IdealismTheodicy

Theories of ReligionTheories of ReligionFunctionalist

◦Religion enhances solidarity of society

◦Emile Durkheim: Sacred Profane

Theories of ReligionTheories of ReligionConflict

◦Religion as a source of conflict◦Karl Marx

False consciousness

Theories of ReligionTheories of ReligionInteractionist

◦A stage in which to enact social rules and a means of social change

◦Max Weber Protestant & Puritan values -> Capitalism

Religious OrganizationsReligious Organizations4 Major Categories of Religious

Organizations◦Ecclesia

Denomination◦Sect◦Cult

Religious OrganizationsReligious OrganizationsReligiosityCharles Glock’s 4 Dimensions of

Religiosity◦Experiential◦Ritualistic◦Ideological◦Consequential

Thomas Luckman◦Invisible Religion

Religious TrendsReligious TrendsReligious consciousnessEvangelicalsPeter Berger

◦Secularization◦Counter-secularization

Political InstitutionsPolitical InstitutionsPoliticsPolitical ProcessPolitical OrderThe State

◦Functionalist: Good!◦Conflict: State favors the wealthy

PowerPowerPower

◦Reward◦Punishment

AuthorityCoercion

PowerPower3 Types of Legitimate Authority

◦Traditional Authority◦Legal-Rational Authority◦Charismatic Authority

Distribution of PowerDistribution of PowerPluralists

◦Give-and-takeElitists

◦OligarchyClass Conflict

◦Karl Marx yet again

Forms of GovernmentForms of GovernmentAuthoritarianTotalitarian

◦NationalismDemocratic

◦True Democracy◦Representative Democracy◦Participatory Democracy◦Liberal Democracy

Political ParticipationPolitical ParticipationGladiatorialTransitionalSpectator

Political ParticipationPolitical ParticipationPolitical PartiesPolitical Groups

◦Interest Groups◦Lobbyist Groups◦Public Interest Groups◦Single-Issue Groups◦Industry Groups

Political Action Committees

Models of Political ProcessModels of Political Process4 Models of Political Process

◦Power-Elite Model◦Pluralist Model◦Satist Perspective◦Military-Industrial Complex

Medical SociologyMedical SociologyMedicineMedicalization of Society

◦Growth of a medical institution◦Medicalization of life events◦Medicalization of deviance◦Pubic acceptance of medicalization

Epidemiology

Medical SociologyMedical SociologyTypes of Disease in the

Population◦Endemic Disease◦Epidemic Disease◦Pandemic Disease

Types of Disease in the Individual◦Acute Disease◦Chronic Disease

Medical SociologyMedical SociologyIllness is psychologicalDisease is pathologicalSickness is sociological

Theories of MedicineTheories of MedicineFunctionalist

◦Talcott Parsons Sickness as deviance Sick Role Theory

◦Medical Institutions should.. Maintain health Treat disease Conduct research Impose social control

Theories of MedicineTheories of MedicineConflict

◦Good health is a valued resource◦Competition over health shapes

society

Economic InstitutionsEconomic InstitutionsEconomy aka Economic OrderSectors of Economy

◦Primary Sector◦Secondary Sector◦Tertiary Sector

Incentives within Economy◦Material Incentive◦Moral Incentive

Division of LaborDivision of LaborDivision of LaborWorker Specialization

◦Emile Durkheim Mechanical Solidarity Organic Solidarity Anomie

Worker AlienationWorker AlienationKarl Marx’s Alienation Theory

◦Powerlessness◦Meaninglessness◦Isolation◦Self-Estrangement

Workplace MotivationWorkplace MotivationJob EnlargementJob EnrichmentJob RotationAutonomous Work Groups

American Work TrendsAmerican Work TrendsGender EqualityDeindustrializationService Sector JobsFlexible Work Systems3 Labor Markets

◦Secondary Market: Low pay, low skill◦Subordiante Market: Better pay, some

skill◦Independent Primary Market: High

pay, specialized skill

Economic SystemsEconomic SystemsCapitalism

◦Private Ownership◦Monopoly◦Oligarchy◦Inflation◦Stagnation◦Stagflation◦Recession◦Depression

Economic SystemsEconomic SystemsSocialism

◦Public Ownership◦2 Types:

Communistic Socialism Democratic Socialism

Mixed Economies◦Private & Public Ownership

Economic SystemsEconomic SystemsCapitalism

◦Private Ownership◦Monopoly◦Oligarchy◦Inflation◦Stagnation◦Stagflation◦Recession◦Depression

Worker/Employee Worker/Employee RelationsRelations

Wagner Act of 1935◦Collective bargaining

Unionization

UnemploymentUnemploymentDependent on job type and

economyUnemployment rates are higher

for..◦Women vs. men◦Minorities vs. majorities◦Unskilled workers vs. skilled workers◦Migrant, seasonal, and temporary

workers◦Elderly workers