1 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Smart Cities Technologies, Big Data & Privacy

Mischa Dohler

Professor, King’s College London, UK

Fellow & Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE

Board of Directors, Worldsensing

Editor-in-Chief, ETT

Keynote @ URSI

Paris, France

26/03/2014

2 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

1 Smart City Applications

3 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Smart Cities IoT/M2M Applications

4 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Industrial IoT/M2M Applications

© Worldsensing

5 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Smart City Control Platform

Smart Parking

Traffic Flow

Travel Time

Smart Bins

Historic Sites

Proven Technologies

With Solid Deployment

Track-Record Today!

Critical Infrastr.

© Worldsensing

Today’s Smart City Rollouts

6 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

2 Data Access Technologies

7 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

M2M Prime Business Criteria

Reliability

Availability

Zigbee-like

Bluetooth LE

Low Power Wifi

Low Power Wide Area

Cellular 3GPP MTC

Wired M2M

Availability = coverage, roaming, mobility, critical mass in rollout, etc.

Reliability = resilience to interference, throughput guarantees, low outages, etc.

(Total Cost of Ownership = CAPEX, OPEX.)

8 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Standardized M2M Protocol Stacks

Application

Transport

Networking

MAC

PHY

IETF CORE

Lightweight TCP, UDP

IETF ROLL

6LowPAN

802.15.4/e Industrial

Apps.

802.15.4-2006/g Smart Grids/k Low-Energy Infrastructure

Monitoring

HTTP, etc.

TCP, UDP

IPv4, IPv6

802.11g/ac/ad/ah

Zigbee-Like Low Power Wifi

Capillary M2MM2M Area Neworks

Cellular M2M

LTE/LTE-ANetworking Layer

LTE/LTE-ALink LayerIE

EEIE

TF

3G

PP

LTE/LTE-A MTC

802.15.4/f RFID

IETF 6TSCH

9 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Problems of ZigBee-like Solutions

Interference in ISM No Global Infrastructure

Lack of Interoperability Higher Total Cost

2bn Wifi Devices

WPA2/PSK/TLS/SSL

10 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Advantages of Low-Power WiFi

Ubiquitous Infrastructure Vibrant Standard

Interference Management Sound Security

2bn Wifi Devices 300 members

NAV Medium

Reservation

WPA2/PSK/TLS/SSL

1%

1%

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0.50.8

1.32.1

3.34.5

5.8

350%

Number of Wi-Fi Public Hotspots in the World

(in million), 2009-2015

Metro & Core Networks

Data centers

Local (Wi-Fi Home/Wi-Fi Hotspots)

Mobile access networks (4G LTE)

2012 2015 Lo 2015 Hi

9173

32424

42957

57%

55%59%

16%26%

1%

34%

31%10%

9%

Total Annual Wireless Cloud Energy Consumption (GWh),

2012-2015

Source: Wireless Broadband Access (WBA), Informa, Nov. 2011

11 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Advantages of LPWA M2M Networks

Large Coverage Low Cost

Available Today Operator Model

12 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Current Eco-System

Sigfox (market leader in Q1 2014):

technical: sub-GHz, UNB, very long range, one-way

business approach: operator, yearly license fee; Intel Ventures €10 million VC

On-Ramp:

technical: 2.4GHz ISM band; “Random Phase Multiple Access”; 170dB link budget

business approach: equipment provider mainly; Managed Service SLA possible

Cycleo (now Semtech):

technical: sub-GHz, CDMA-based, long range

business approach: equipment provider

Neul:

technical: initially TVWS only; now shift into other bands too (notably licensed!)

business approach: originally only equipment; now SLA possible

13 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Performance Comparison © Orange, excerpt from PhD Thesis of Dr Quentin Lampin:

15 years lifetime

LPWA Network Mesh Network

14 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Advantages of Cellular M2M

Ubiquitous Coverage Mobility & Roaming

Interference Control Service Platforms

15 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Improving RACH Procedure

© Massimo Condoluci, Mischa Dohler, Antonella Molinaro, Giuseppe Araniti

new

16 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

3 Virtualization, Data and Privacy

17 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Virtualization & Cloudification

© http://clout-project.eu; partly also developed in ICT-VITRO

18 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Closing the Data Cycle

19 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Data Privacy

millennia 1st Industrial

Revolution 2nd 3rd

privacy

image © by Lesley Sandles / Alamy

Privacy – Illusion or Fundamental Right?

20 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

4 Concluding Remarks

21 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Do citizens care about Smart Cities?

22 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

vehemence of “no”,

or speed of walking

time Beginning of

Question

End of

Question

Really Surprising Outcome!

image © by zenhabits.net

Surprising Correlations

23 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

The biggest challenge of this early part of the 21st century is to bootstrap the undoubtedly high-potential smart city market in cities which are essentially broke.

“A developed country is not a place where the poor have cars. It’s where the rich use public transportation.” Gustavo Petro, Mayor of Bogota

24 © 2014 Mischa Dohler

Smart Cities Technologies, Big Data & Privacy

Mischa Dohler

Professor, King’s College London, UK

Fellow & Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE

Board of Directors, Worldsensing

Editor-in-Chief, ETT

Keynote @ URSI

Paris, France

26/03/2014