Post on 03-Jun-2018
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 1
Skeletal System Laboratory Guide
Instructions:
1. You are responsible for all of the bones and structures listed on thisLaboratory Guide.
2. Read and follow the procedures in !ercises "# 1$# % 11 of yourLaboratory &anual '&arieb(
). You should also refer to the drawin*s in +hapters , % - in your te!tbook'&arieb(
. /or each bone# you should know which bone's( it articulates with.
I. 0RGI34I0 0/ 45 S6L4L SYS4& (206 bones)
1. 7IL S6L40 (80)
a. Skull (29)
b. 8ertebral +olumn (26)
c. 4hora! (25)
(1) Sternum (1)
(2) Ribs (2)
2. 99I+;LR S6L40 (126)
a. 9ectoral Girdle ()
b. ;pper Limbs (60)
c. 9el
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 2
II. 45 7IL S6L40!. 4he Skull
"8 bones o# cranium$ 1 bones o# #ace%
1. /rontal =one (1)
a. Supraciliary arches of the /rontal =one
&& rid'es tat #orm base #or te eyebros
&& !nterior *ie+ F&1
b. Supraorbital notch(#oramen) of the /rontal =one
&& location ere ner,es - blood ,essels ass /ust abo,e te orbits(eye sockets)
&& !nterior *ie+ F&2
c. 3y*omatic 9rocess of the /rontal =one
&& ortion o# te Frontal bone tat /oins it te y'omatic (ceek)bone
&& !nterior - Lateral *ies+ F&
d. &a!illary 9rocess of /rontal =one
&& ortion o# te Frontal bone tat /oins it te a3illa
&& !nterior - Lateral *ies+ F&
e. /rontal (4aranasal) Sinuses
&& air inaled trou' te nose sirls u into tese ca,ities locateditin te #rontal bone
&& nternal *ie+ F&5
&& ,isible on a #rontal 7&ray o# Skull or a mid&sa'itall section o# skull&& also see a'es & - & - & in Lecture :utline
#. /rontal Suture
&& location ere te ;t. - Lt. Frontal bones /oin to'eter&& ,isible only on a #etal skull (see . & in Lecture :utline)
2. 3y*omatic (
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide
). asal =ones (2)
&& tin bones tat #orm te brid'e o# te nose
&& Frontal *ie+ >
. Lacrimal =ones (2)
&& located at te medial corners o# te orbits (eye&sockets)
a. aso>lacrimal +anal
&& location o# te >aso&lacrimal duct ic conductse3cess tears don to te nasal ca,ity "ic e3lains ycryin' may lead to a runny nose%
&& Lateral *ie+ L&1&& also see a'e &2 in Lecture :utline
?. &andible (&2&& also see a'es &18 in te Lecture :utline
c. l&&& also see a'es &18 - &19 in te Lecture :utline
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide
#. +oronoid process of the &andible
&& te tin ointed anterior ro/ection #or te attacment o# muscles
&& Lateral *ie+ >&5&& also see a'es &18 - &19 in te Lecture :utline
'. &andibular foramen&& oenin's #or ner,es - blood ,essels located on te
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 5
'. &a!illary sinus
&& air inaled trou' te nose sirls into tese ca,ities locateditin te ma3illa
&& ,isible on a #rontal 7&ray o# Skull
&& also see a'es & - & in Lecture :utline
,. 9alatine =ones (2)
&& #orms te osterior (back) ortion o# te ard alate (roo# o# te mout)
&& n#erior *ie+ 4!
-. 4emporal=ones (2)
a. SAuamous portion of the 4emporal =one
&& te sBuamous (
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 6
'. &andibular fossa of the 4emporal =one
&& te socket o# te =emoral Aone ere te condyloid rocess o# teandible /oins #ormin' te =emoro&andibular @oint (=@)
&& Lateral *ie+ =&D
. +arotid canal
&& canal trou' ic te nternal ?arotid !rtery (?!) enters teskull carryin' o3y'enated blood to te brain
&& n#erior *ie+ =&8&& see a'e &1D in Lecture :utline
i. Bu*ular foramen
&& oenin' #or te assa'e o# te nternal @u'ular *ein - some?ranial >er,es "Glossoaryn'eal (7) *a'us (7) !ccessory (7)%
&& n#erior - nternal *ies+ =&9
&& see a'e &12 in Lecture :utline/. Internal uditory (acoustic)&eatus
&& te ear canal trou' ic te !uditory >er,e "?ranial >er,e *%asses trou'
&& nternal *ie+ =&10
k. &astoidal/ontanel
&& ,isible only on a #etal skull (see . & in Lecture :utline)
". 9arietal(
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide D
d. Sa*ittal Suture
&& location ere te ;t. - Lt. 4arietal bones /oin to'eter
&& see . & in Lecture :utline
e. /rontal(!nterior) /ontanel&& ,isible only on a #etal skull (see . & in Lecture :utline)
#. 0ccipital(4osterior) /ontanel
&& ,isible only on a #etal skull (see . & in Lecture :utline)
1$. 0ccipital =one (1)
a. /oramen &a*num of the 0ccipital =one
&& oenin' trou' ic te sinal cord ass trou' to te Arain
&& n#erior *ie+ :&1
b. 0ccipital +ondyles&& location ere te :cciital bone o# te Skull rests on te !tlas
*ertebra (?&1)
&& n#erior *ie+ :&2
c. !ternal 0ccipital 9rotuberance
&& a bum at te base o# te skull
&& n#errior *ie+ :&
d. Internal 0ccipital +rest
&& midsa'ittal rid'e located itin te cranial ca
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 8
12. Inferior asal +onchae (er,es () ass trou' tese tiny oles#rom te nasal ca,ity u into te brain
&& nternal *ie+ &5
&& also see a'e &2 in te Lecture :utline
#. thmoidal air sinuses
&& air inaled trou' te nose sirls u into tese ca,ities locateditin te tmoid bone
&& see a'es & - & - & in Lecture :utline
8
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 9
1. Sphenoid (er,e"a3illary Aranc o# te =ri'eminal >er,e (*)%
&& nternal *ie+ S&5&& also see a'es &16 - &1D in te Lecture :utline
#. /oramen 0er,e"andibular Aranc o# te =ri'eminal >er,e (*)%
&& nternal *ie+ S&6
&& also see a'es &16 - &1D in te Lecture :utline'. /oramen Lacerum
&& lar'e rou'&ed'ed oenin' #or assa'e o# te nternal ?arotid!rtery (?!) into te cranial ca,ity to suly o3y'enated bloodto te brain
&& nternal *ie+ S&D&& also see a'es &16 - &1D in te Lecture :utline
9
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 10
. Superior 0rbital /issure
&& lar'e cle#t oenin' #or te :culomotor >er,e "?ranail >er,e %"and :talmic branc o# te =ri'eminal >er,e (*)%
&& !nterior *ie+ S&8
i. 9tery*oid (
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 11
. Interer,e to ass trou'
2. Re*ional ifferences between the 8ertebraea. +erote+ ossesses no Aody ortion&& articulates sueriorly it te :cciital condyles o# te Skull
(
&& articulates in#eriorly it te !3is (?&2)(
() !is '+>2(
&& >ote+ te :dontoid rocess (dens) is really te body o#te !tlas ic durin' embryonic de,elomentbecomes /oined it te !3is
(5) 8ertebra 9rominens '+>,(
&& >ote+ it ossesses a lon' sinous rocess (tat is not bi#id)tat rominently e3tends strai't&out and can readilybe alated (
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 12
d. Sacrum '1(
&& #ormed by te #usion o# 5 Sacral ,ertebrae
&& articulates sueriorly it L&5 in#eriorly it te ?occy3 andlaterally it eac lium o# te 4el,is (
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 1
2. Ribs
&& articulate it te =oracic ,ertebrae - te Sternum
a. General 4ypes:
&& see a'e &2 in te Lecture :utline(1) 8ertebrosternal 'C4rueC( Ribs: 1st>,th pairs
(2) 8ertebrochondral Ribs: -th>1$th pairs
() 8ertebral 'C/loatin*C( Ribs: 11th>12th pairs
b. 9arts of the Rib
&& see a'e &25 in te Lecture :utline
(1) Iead&& articulates it te #acets on te (edicle o# te) =oracic
*ertebrae
(2) >eck&& te constricted area /ust beyond te ead o# te rib
() =ubercle&& a bum located /ust beyond te neck o# te rib tat articulates
it te =rans,erse rocess o# te =oracic *ertebrae
() Sternal end o# ;ib&& te end o# te rib tat #aces te Sternum
c. Intercostal Spaces
&& te 3ternal - nternal ntercostal uscles are located in tesesaces
III. 45 99I+;LR S6L40
!. 4he 9ectoral Girdle (soulder)
&& attaces te arms to te !3ial Skeleton
&& >ote+ te only articulation beteen te 4ectoral Girdle and te !3ialSkeleton is te /oint beteen te ?la,icles and te Sternum
1. +la
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 1
2. Scapulae (
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 15
b. 0lecranon /ossa of the 5umerus
&& a lar'e deression on te osterior asect (back&side)
&& articulates it te :lecranon rocess o# te lna (te elbo)
&& >:=+ >o tat you a,e identi#ied te ead (ic #aces
toards te body) and te :lecranon Fossa (ic islocated on te back&side o# te Iumerus) orient aIumerus and identi#y eter it is LF= or ;GI=
c. natomical eck of the 5umerus
&& te 'roo,e tat encircles te ead o# te umerus
d. Sur*ical eck of the 5umerus
&& te constricted area /ust distal (belo) te ead ic is also anarea more rone to #racture
e. Greater 4ubercle (suerior)of the 5umerus
&& a lar'e rou' bul'e on te lateral asect o# te Iead
#. Lesser 4ubercle (anterior)of the 5umerus
'. Intertubercular Grooutrient !rtery into te bone
i. eltoid 4uberosity of the 5umerus
&& a rou' atc on te lateral asect o# te sa#t o# te Iumerus
&& location ere te Heltoid muscle inserts on te Iumerus/. &edial % Lateral picondyles of the 5umerus
&& te rounded rominences on te medial - lateral asects o# tedistal end o# te umerus
&& >ote+ Jou can #eel tese icondyles by alatin' (#eelin') tedistal end o# your on umerus
k. 4rochlea '&edial +ondyle( of the 5umerus
&& te rounded sur#ace (at te distal end o# te Iumerus) tatarticulates it te =roclear >otc o# te lna
&& I>=+ to remember tat te =roclea is located on te medialasect tink =&
l. +apitulum 'Lateral +ondyle( of the 5umerus
&& te rounded sur#ace (at te distal end o# te Iumerus) tatarticulates it te Iead o# te ;adius
&& I>=+ to remember tat te ?aitulum is located on te lateralasect tink
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 16
2. Radius (2)
&& see a'e &29 in te Lecture :utline
&& te ;adius is located on te tumb&side o# te #orearm
&& I>=+ to remember tink o# ere you ould take a otc o# te lna
b. eck of the Radius
&& te constricted area /ust distal to te Iead
c. Radial 4uberosity
&& a rou' bul'e /ust distal to te >eck ere te Aices braciimuscle inserts onto te ;adius
d. Styloid 9rocess of the Radius
&& a tin ro/ection at te distal end o# te ;adius on te lateral asect
&& articulates it te Scaoid Aone o# te rist
e. ;lnar otch of the Radius
&& a distal conca,ity on te medial asect o# te ;adius
&& articulates it te Iead o# te lna
). ;lna (2)&& see a'e &29 in te Lecture :utline
&& te lna is located on te littlein'er side o# te #orearm
a. 5ead of the ;lna
&& te small #lattened
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 1D
. +arpal =ones of the Drist (8)
&& see a'e &1 in te Lecture :utline
&& te ?aral bones are arran'ed in 2 ros o# bones eac
a. te ro3imal ro namin' #rom lateral (tumb side) to medial+
(1) Scaoid (
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 18
+haracteristic &ale 9el
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 19
(2) Ischial Spine
&& located on te osterior asect (back&side) /ust belo teGreater Sciatic >otc
() Ischial 4uberosity
(a) located /ust in#erior ere te 2 4ubis bones articulate iteac oter
(b) te ei't o# your body rests on te scial =uberosities o# te4el,is en you are in te sittin' osition
c. 9ubis
&& #orms te anterior&in#erior ortion o# te 4el,is
(1) 9ubic Symphysis
(a) te location ere te 2 4ubis bones articulate it eac oter
(b) tey are searated #rom eac oter by #ibrocartila'e
(2) 9ubic rch(a) te arc #ormed by te 2 4ubis bones
(b) te an'le o# te 4ubic !rc is used to distin'uis beteen amale 4el,is (an'les less tan 90) and a #emale 4el,is(an'le more tan 90)
() 0bturator foramen
&& lar'e oenin' trou' ic blood ,essels - ner,es ass&outo# te 4el,is
H. 4he Lower Limb (le')
&& te bones o# te le' are muc ea,ier tan teir counterarts in te armsince tey not only ermit mo,ement but must be caable o#suortin' te ei't o# te ole body
1. /emur(
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 20
>:=+ >o tat you a,e identi#ied te Iead (ic #aces toardste body) and te Linea asera (ic islocated on te back&side o# te Femur) orient a Femur and identi#y eter it is aLF= or ;GI=
c. eck of the /emur(1) te constricted area /ust distal (belo) te Iead
(2) a #racture at te neck o# te Femur is erroneously called a utrient !rtery enters
'. &edial % Lateral +ondyles of the /emur
(1) te rounded rominences at te distal end o# te Femur tatarticulate it te =ibia
(2) >:=+ Mile te Iumerus o# te uer arm articulates it botte ;adius and lna o# te #orearm te Femur articulatesonly it te =ibia o# te le'
. Intercondylar /ossa of the /emur
&& te notc located beteen te edial - Lateral ?ondyles
2. 9atella (kneeca) (2)
a. as te sae o# an in,erted trian'le
b. rotects te knee /oint (te articulation beteen te Femur - te =ibia)#rom in/ury
). 4ibia (
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 21
(2) te Nuadrices #emoris muscle inserts onto te =ibia at tis oint
b. &edial &alleolus of the 4ibia
(1) a rounded rominence located on te medial asect at te distalend o# te =ibia
(2) it articulates it te =alus bone o# te ankle (#ormin' te medial:=+ >o tat you a,e identi#ied te =ibial =uberosity (ic islocated on te #ront&side o# te =ibia) and te edialalleolus (ic is located on te medial side o# te=ibia) orient a =ibia and identi#y eter it is a LF= or;GI=
c. nterior +rest of the 4ibia
(1) te sar rid'e tat runs alon' te anterior asect o# te =ibia
(2) >:=+ you can #eel tis rid'e by alatin' (#eelin') te anterior
asect (#ront&side) o# your on le'd. &edial % Lateral +ondyles of the 4ibia
&& articulate it te edial - Lateral ?ondyles o# te Femur
. /ibula(2)
&& te Fibula is te
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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 22
c. arces o# te #oot
&& see a'e &D in te Lecture :utline&& ro,ide le,era'e #or te #oot en alkin'
(1) medial lon'itudinal arc
&& e3tends #rom te ball o# te #oot to te eel
(2) lateral lon'itudinal arc
() trans,erse (metatarsal) arc
&& e3tends across te idt o# te #oot
&&