Skeleton for Marieb

8/12/2019 Skeleton for Marieb

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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 1

Skeletal System Laboratory Guide

Instructions:

1. You are responsible for all of the bones and structures listed on thisLaboratory Guide.

2. Read and follow the procedures in !ercises "# 1$# % 11 of yourLaboratory &anual '&arieb(

). You should also refer to the drawin*s in +hapters , % - in your te!tbook'&arieb(

. /or each bone# you should know which bone's( it articulates with.

I. 0RGI34I0 0/ 45 S6L4L SYS4& (206 bones)

1. 7IL S6L40 (80)

a. Skull (29)

b. 8ertebral +olumn (26)

c. 4hora! (25)

(1) Sternum (1)

(2) Ribs (2)

2. 99I+;LR S6L40 (126)

a. 9ectoral Girdle ()

b. ;pper Limbs (60)

c. 9el


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II. 45 7IL S6L40!. 4he Skull

"8 bones o# cranium$ 1 bones o# #ace%

1. /rontal =one (1)

a. Supraciliary arches of the /rontal =one

&& rid'es tat #orm base #or te eyebros

&& !nterior *ie+ F&1

b. Supraorbital notch(#oramen) of the /rontal =one

&& location ere ner,es - blood ,essels ass /ust abo,e te orbits(eye sockets)

&& !nterior *ie+ F&2

c. 3y*omatic 9rocess of the /rontal =one

&& ortion o# te Frontal bone tat /oins it te y'omatic (ceek)bone

&& !nterior - Lateral *ies+ F&

d. &a!illary 9rocess of /rontal =one

&& ortion o# te Frontal bone tat /oins it te a3illa

&& !nterior - Lateral *ies+ F&

e. /rontal (4aranasal) Sinuses

&& air inaled trou' te nose sirls u into tese ca,ities locateditin te #rontal bone

&& nternal *ie+ F&5

&& ,isible on a #rontal 7&ray o# Skull or a mid&sa'itall section o# skull&& also see a'es & - & - & in Lecture :utline

#. /rontal Suture

&& location ere te ;t. - Lt. Frontal bones /oin to'eter&& ,isible only on a #etal skull (see . & in Lecture :utline)

2. 3y*omatic (


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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide

). asal =ones (2)

&& tin bones tat #orm te brid'e o# te nose

&& Frontal *ie+ >

. Lacrimal =ones (2)

&& located at te medial corners o# te orbits (eye&sockets)

a. aso>lacrimal +anal

&& location o# te >aso&lacrimal duct ic conductse3cess tears don to te nasal ca,ity "ic e3lains ycryin' may lead to a runny nose%

&& Lateral *ie+ L&1&& also see a'e &2 in Lecture :utline

?. &andible (&2&& also see a'es &18 in te Lecture :utline

c. l&&& also see a'es &18 - &19 in te Lecture :utline


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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide

#. +oronoid process of the &andible

&& te tin ointed anterior ro/ection #or te attacment o# muscles

&& Lateral *ie+ >&5&& also see a'es &18 - &19 in te Lecture :utline

'. &andibular foramen&& oenin's #or ner,es - blood ,essels located on te


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'. &a!illary sinus

&& air inaled trou' te nose sirls into tese ca,ities locateditin te ma3illa

&& ,isible on a #rontal 7&ray o# Skull

&& also see a'es & - & in Lecture :utline

,. 9alatine =ones (2)

&& #orms te osterior (back) ortion o# te ard alate (roo# o# te mout)

&& n#erior *ie+ 4!

-. 4emporal=ones (2)

a. SAuamous portion of the 4emporal =one

&& te sBuamous (


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'. &andibular fossa of the 4emporal =one

&& te socket o# te =emoral Aone ere te condyloid rocess o# teandible /oins #ormin' te =emoro&andibular @oint (=@)

&& Lateral *ie+ =&D

. +arotid canal

&& canal trou' ic te nternal ?arotid !rtery (?!) enters teskull carryin' o3y'enated blood to te brain

&& n#erior *ie+ =&8&& see a'e &1D in Lecture :utline

i. Bu*ular foramen

&& oenin' #or te assa'e o# te nternal @u'ular *ein - some?ranial >er,es "Glossoaryn'eal (7) *a'us (7) !ccessory (7)%

&& n#erior - nternal *ies+ =&9

&& see a'e &12 in Lecture :utline/. Internal uditory (acoustic)&eatus

&& te ear canal trou' ic te !uditory >er,e "?ranial >er,e *%asses trou'

&& nternal *ie+ =&10

k. &astoidal/ontanel

&& ,isible only on a #etal skull (see . & in Lecture :utline)

". 9arietal(


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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide D

d. Sa*ittal Suture

&& location ere te ;t. - Lt. 4arietal bones /oin to'eter

&& see . & in Lecture :utline

e. /rontal(!nterior) /ontanel&& ,isible only on a #etal skull (see . & in Lecture :utline)

#. 0ccipital(4osterior) /ontanel

&& ,isible only on a #etal skull (see . & in Lecture :utline)

1$. 0ccipital =one (1)

a. /oramen &a*num of the 0ccipital =one

&& oenin' trou' ic te sinal cord ass trou' to te Arain

&& n#erior *ie+ :&1

b. 0ccipital +ondyles&& location ere te :cciital bone o# te Skull rests on te !tlas

*ertebra (?&1)

&& n#erior *ie+ :&2

c. !ternal 0ccipital 9rotuberance

&& a bum at te base o# te skull

&& n#errior *ie+ :&

d. Internal 0ccipital +rest

&& midsa'ittal rid'e located itin te cranial ca


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12. Inferior asal +onchae (er,es () ass trou' tese tiny oles#rom te nasal ca,ity u into te brain

&& nternal *ie+ &5

&& also see a'e &2 in te Lecture :utline

#. thmoidal air sinuses

&& air inaled trou' te nose sirls u into tese ca,ities locateditin te tmoid bone

&& see a'es & - & - & in Lecture :utline

8


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1. Sphenoid (er,e"a3illary Aranc o# te =ri'eminal >er,e (*)%

&& nternal *ie+ S&5&& also see a'es &16 - &1D in te Lecture :utline

#. /oramen 0er,e"andibular Aranc o# te =ri'eminal >er,e (*)%

&& nternal *ie+ S&6

&& also see a'es &16 - &1D in te Lecture :utline'. /oramen Lacerum

&& lar'e rou'&ed'ed oenin' #or assa'e o# te nternal ?arotid!rtery (?!) into te cranial ca,ity to suly o3y'enated bloodto te brain

&& nternal *ie+ S&D&& also see a'es &16 - &1D in te Lecture :utline

9


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. Superior 0rbital /issure

&& lar'e cle#t oenin' #or te :culomotor >er,e "?ranail >er,e %"and :talmic branc o# te =ri'eminal >er,e (*)%

&& !nterior *ie+ S&8

i. 9tery*oid (


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. Interer,e to ass trou'

2. Re*ional ifferences between the 8ertebraea. +erote+ ossesses no Aody ortion&& articulates sueriorly it te :cciital condyles o# te Skull

(

&& articulates in#eriorly it te !3is (?&2)(

() !is '+>2(

&& >ote+ te :dontoid rocess (dens) is really te body o#te !tlas ic durin' embryonic de,elomentbecomes /oined it te !3is

(5) 8ertebra 9rominens '+>,(

&& >ote+ it ossesses a lon' sinous rocess (tat is not bi#id)tat rominently e3tends strai't&out and can readilybe alated (


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d. Sacrum '1(

&& #ormed by te #usion o# 5 Sacral ,ertebrae

&& articulates sueriorly it L&5 in#eriorly it te ?occy3 andlaterally it eac lium o# te 4el,is (


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2. Ribs

&& articulate it te =oracic ,ertebrae - te Sternum

a. General 4ypes:

&& see a'e &2 in te Lecture :utline(1) 8ertebrosternal 'C4rueC( Ribs: 1st>,th pairs

(2) 8ertebrochondral Ribs: -th>1$th pairs

() 8ertebral 'C/loatin*C( Ribs: 11th>12th pairs

b. 9arts of the Rib

&& see a'e &25 in te Lecture :utline

(1) Iead&& articulates it te #acets on te (edicle o# te) =oracic

*ertebrae

(2) >eck&& te constricted area /ust beyond te ead o# te rib

() =ubercle&& a bum located /ust beyond te neck o# te rib tat articulates

it te =rans,erse rocess o# te =oracic *ertebrae

() Sternal end o# ;ib&& te end o# te rib tat #aces te Sternum

c. Intercostal Spaces

&& te 3ternal - nternal ntercostal uscles are located in tesesaces

III. 45 99I+;LR S6L40

!. 4he 9ectoral Girdle (soulder)

&& attaces te arms to te !3ial Skeleton

&& >ote+ te only articulation beteen te 4ectoral Girdle and te !3ialSkeleton is te /oint beteen te ?la,icles and te Sternum

1. +la


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2. Scapulae (


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b. 0lecranon /ossa of the 5umerus

&& a lar'e deression on te osterior asect (back&side)

&& articulates it te :lecranon rocess o# te lna (te elbo)

&& >:=+ >o tat you a,e identi#ied te ead (ic #aces

toards te body) and te :lecranon Fossa (ic islocated on te back&side o# te Iumerus) orient aIumerus and identi#y eter it is LF= or ;GI=

c. natomical eck of the 5umerus

&& te 'roo,e tat encircles te ead o# te umerus

d. Sur*ical eck of the 5umerus

&& te constricted area /ust distal (belo) te ead ic is also anarea more rone to #racture

e. Greater 4ubercle (suerior)of the 5umerus

&& a lar'e rou' bul'e on te lateral asect o# te Iead

#. Lesser 4ubercle (anterior)of the 5umerus

'. Intertubercular Grooutrient !rtery into te bone

i. eltoid 4uberosity of the 5umerus

&& a rou' atc on te lateral asect o# te sa#t o# te Iumerus

&& location ere te Heltoid muscle inserts on te Iumerus/. &edial % Lateral picondyles of the 5umerus

&& te rounded rominences on te medial - lateral asects o# tedistal end o# te umerus

&& >ote+ Jou can #eel tese icondyles by alatin' (#eelin') tedistal end o# your on umerus

k. 4rochlea '&edial +ondyle( of the 5umerus

&& te rounded sur#ace (at te distal end o# te Iumerus) tatarticulates it te =roclear >otc o# te lna

&& I>=+ to remember tat te =roclea is located on te medialasect tink =&

l. +apitulum 'Lateral +ondyle( of the 5umerus

&& te rounded sur#ace (at te distal end o# te Iumerus) tatarticulates it te Iead o# te ;adius

&& I>=+ to remember tat te ?aitulum is located on te lateralasect tink


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2. Radius (2)


&& te ;adius is located on te tumb&side o# te #orearm

&& I>=+ to remember tink o# ere you ould take a otc o# te lna

b. eck of the Radius

&& te constricted area /ust distal to te Iead

c. Radial 4uberosity

&& a rou' bul'e /ust distal to te >eck ere te Aices braciimuscle inserts onto te ;adius

d. Styloid 9rocess of the Radius

&& a tin ro/ection at te distal end o# te ;adius on te lateral asect

&& articulates it te Scaoid Aone o# te rist

e. ;lnar otch of the Radius

&& a distal conca,ity on te medial asect o# te ;adius

&& articulates it te Iead o# te lna

). ;lna (2)&& see a'e &29 in te Lecture :utline

&& te lna is located on te littlein'er side o# te #orearm

a. 5ead of the ;lna

&& te small #lattened


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S. Fink Skeletal System Laboratory Guide 1D

. +arpal =ones of the Drist (8)


&& te ?aral bones are arran'ed in 2 ros o# bones eac

a. te ro3imal ro namin' #rom lateral (tumb side) to medial+

(1) Scaoid (


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+haracteristic &ale 9el


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(2) Ischial Spine

&& located on te osterior asect (back&side) /ust belo teGreater Sciatic >otc

() Ischial 4uberosity

(a) located /ust in#erior ere te 2 4ubis bones articulate iteac oter

(b) te ei't o# your body rests on te scial =uberosities o# te4el,is en you are in te sittin' osition

c. 9ubis

&& #orms te anterior&in#erior ortion o# te 4el,is

(1) 9ubic Symphysis

(a) te location ere te 2 4ubis bones articulate it eac oter

(b) tey are searated #rom eac oter by #ibrocartila'e

(2) 9ubic rch(a) te arc #ormed by te 2 4ubis bones

(b) te an'le o# te 4ubic !rc is used to distin'uis beteen amale 4el,is (an'les less tan 90) and a #emale 4el,is(an'le more tan 90)

() 0bturator foramen

&& lar'e oenin' trou' ic blood ,essels - ner,es ass&outo# te 4el,is

H. 4he Lower Limb (le')

&& te bones o# te le' are muc ea,ier tan teir counterarts in te armsince tey not only ermit mo,ement but must be caable o#suortin' te ei't o# te ole body

1. /emur(


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>:=+ >o tat you a,e identi#ied te Iead (ic #aces toardste body) and te Linea asera (ic islocated on te back&side o# te Femur) orient a Femur and identi#y eter it is aLF= or ;GI=

c. eck of the /emur(1) te constricted area /ust distal (belo) te Iead

(2) a #racture at te neck o# te Femur is erroneously called a utrient !rtery enters

'. &edial % Lateral +ondyles of the /emur

(1) te rounded rominences at te distal end o# te Femur tatarticulate it te =ibia

(2) >:=+ Mile te Iumerus o# te uer arm articulates it botte ;adius and lna o# te #orearm te Femur articulatesonly it te =ibia o# te le'

. Intercondylar /ossa of the /emur

&& te notc located beteen te edial - Lateral ?ondyles

2. 9atella (kneeca) (2)

a. as te sae o# an in,erted trian'le

b. rotects te knee /oint (te articulation beteen te Femur - te =ibia)#rom in/ury

). 4ibia (


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(2) te Nuadrices #emoris muscle inserts onto te =ibia at tis oint

b. &edial &alleolus of the 4ibia

(1) a rounded rominence located on te medial asect at te distalend o# te =ibia

(2) it articulates it te =alus bone o# te ankle (#ormin' te medial:=+ >o tat you a,e identi#ied te =ibial =uberosity (ic islocated on te #ront&side o# te =ibia) and te edialalleolus (ic is located on te medial side o# te=ibia) orient a =ibia and identi#y eter it is a LF= or;GI=

c. nterior +rest of the 4ibia

(1) te sar rid'e tat runs alon' te anterior asect o# te =ibia

(2) >:=+ you can #eel tis rid'e by alatin' (#eelin') te anterior

asect (#ront&side) o# your on le'd. &edial % Lateral +ondyles of the 4ibia

&& articulate it te edial - Lateral ?ondyles o# te Femur

. /ibula(2)

&& te Fibula is te


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c. arces o# te #oot

&& see a'e &D in te Lecture :utline&& ro,ide le,era'e #or te #oot en alkin'

(1) medial lon'itudinal arc

&& e3tends #rom te ball o# te #oot to te eel

(2) lateral lon'itudinal arc

() trans,erse (metatarsal) arc

&& e3tends across te idt o# te #oot

&&

Skeleton for Marieb

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