SKELETAL SYSTEMDay ^

Bell Quiz 1. Smaller lower leg bone 2. knee cap 3. Part of the pelvic girdle you sit on 4. Name as many of the seven tarsals as

you can 5. How many metatarsal do you suppose

you have? 6. How many phalanges?

1. Fibula 2. Patella 3. Ischium 4. Medial cuneiform, lateral cuneiform,

intermediate cuneiform, cuboid, navicular, calcaneus, talus

5. 10 6. 28

Metatarsals Body of foot (10)

Arches- absorbs shocks

Phalanges Toes (28)

Physiology

Articulation : Where two bones meet

Ligaments – bone to boneTendons – muscle to bone

Types of joints

Synarthrosis (Fibrous) Joint with NO movement

Sutures in

Cranium

Amphiarthrosis (Cartilaginous) Slightly moveable joint

Diarthrosis (Synovial)

Freely moveable, includes a capsule (bursa) that releases synovial fluid for lubrication.

Hinge – knee, elbow

Ball and socket – shoulder, hip

Pivot – Head, radius, ulna

Gliding – carpals

Levers Bone – Lever Muscle – Effort Joint – Fulcrum R – Resistance

*see saw *effort balances the load. This pivot exists in the place where your

skull meets the top of your spine. Your skull is the lever arm and the neck muscles at the back of the skull provide the force (effort) to lift your head up against the weight of the head (load). When the neck muscles relax, your head nods forward.

Class 2 ( calf muscle)

*Wheelbarrow

Standing on tip toes is a Class 2 lever. The pivot is at your toe joints and your foot acts as a lever arm. Your calf muscles and achilles tendon provide the effort when the calf muscle contracts. The load is your body weight and is lifted by the effort (muscle contraction).

Class 3 (wrist, fingers, elbows)

A bent arm is a Class 3 lever. The pivot is at the elbow and the forearm acts as the lever arm. The biceps muscle provides the effort (force) and bends the forearm against the weight of the forearm and any weight that the hand might be holding.

Actions – how we can move

Flexion and Extension

Rotation

Abduction and Adduction

Homeostatsis

Calcium and Phosphorus Vitamin D – maintain normal blood levels

of Ca and P

Hormones Chemicals released by cells that send

messages to other parts of your body

Growth Hormone HGH Pituitary

Increases Calcium retention in bones and mineralization

Sex HormonesEstrogen and Testosterone

Secreted by the testes and ovaries

Increases bone density and maturation

Calcitonin Thyroid Inhibit osteoblast activity

PTH - Parathyroid Bones release

calcium into blood stream