Navigating the Shifting Landscape of Lighting Codes

and How LEDs Can Help

Anne Cheney, LC, LEED® AP, IES Marty Salzberg, IALD, IES

Senior Designer Senior Associate

Cooley Monato Studio Cline Bettridge Bernstein Lighting

Navigating the Shifting Landscape of Lighting Codes and How LEDs Can Help

1. Lighting Codes, Standards and Criteria

2. Process for determining the basis of design

3. Energy Code update

4. Challenges of using LED technology to beat energy code criteria

5. Future energy code

Navigating the Shifting Landscape of Lighting Codes and How LEDs Can Help

Codes

ProcessLEDs

FutureU

pdate

• Classify the differences between lighting Codes, Standards, and Criteria

• Codes• Standards• Criteria• Green Building

Rating Systems

LIGHTING CODES, STANDARDS, AND CRITERIA

CODES

STAN

DARD

S

CRITERIA

GRE

EN

RATI

NG

S

Lighting Codes:

• A set of rules that specify minimum criteria that must be met by law.

1. Construction2. Energy

Conservation

Lighting Codes:

1. Energy Conservation Code

2. Building Code3. Electrical Code 4. Safety Code 5. Health Code

Lighting Codes:

• Energy Conservation Codes International Energy

Conservation Code [IECC] - Code and Model Ordinance

State Energy Codes City Energy Codes

Lighting Codes:

• Building Codes International

Building Code [IBC]

State Building Codes

City Building Codes

Lighting Codes:

• Electrical Codes International Code

Council Electrical Code (Model Ordinance)

National Electrical Code, National Fire Protection Agency [NFPA] 70

State Electrical Codes Local Electrical Codes

(NYC, Chicago)

Lighting Codes:

• Safety Codes NFPA 101, Life Safety

Code NFPA 130, Standard for

Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems

NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code

ASME 17.1-2013 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators

Lighting Codes:

• Health CodesFDA Food CodeState Health CodesCity Health Codes

regarding lighting at food service and pool/spa areas

Lighting Standards:

• Good lighting design and lighting engineering practices.

• Energy Usage• Lighting Design• Lighting Systems

Lighting Standards:

• Energy UsageASHRAE 90.1,

Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (uses ANSI process)

Lighting Standards:

• Lighting Design IES Lighting

Handbook, 10th Edition IES Recommended

Practices IDA Model Lighting

Ordinance CIE Standards CEN Standards

Lighting Standards:

• Lighting SystemsUL - Underwriters

Laboratories Inc.NEMANIST

Lighting Criteria:

• A set of lighting rules created by private and public organizations or individuals, based on standards, codes and experience

Lighting Criteria:

• Proscriptive• Prescriptive

• Government Federal/Country State City/Local Other

• Private Corporate lighting standards Professional Organization standards Individual

Lighting Criteria:

Lighting Criteria:

• GovernmentFederal/CountryStateCity/LocalOther

• Private

• Government• Private

Corporate lighting standards

Professional Organization standards

Individual

Lighting Criteria:

Green Building Rating Systems & Green Building Standards/Codes:• Green Building

Rating Systems• LEED• Green Globes• BREEAM

• Green Construction Codes/Standards

• ASHRAE 189.1• IGCC

LIGHTING CODES, STANDARDS, AND CRITERIA:

• Assess which codes, standards and criteria apply to a given project and learn strategies for building project team consensus

Collect information from Client and Project Team to determine relevant lighting codes, standards and criteria:

• Who is your Client?• What type of project?• Where is the project?

• Country, State, City• Public or Private

property• When is the drawing

set getting filed?

Collect Research – Try to find out what codes, standards and criteria apply before asking the Client and Project Team.

• Experience

• Research online• Government web

sites• Lighting code blogs,

articles, web sites• Professional

organization web sites

• Ask advice

CODES

STAN

DARD

S

GRE

EN

RATI

NG

S

CRITERIA

Final Determination of Project Codes, Standards and Criteria

• Determine who on your project team is filing code compliance documents. Confirm with Client

they are contracted for this task

Direct discussion to this team member

Final Determination of Project Codes, Standards and Criteria

• Build consensus with the team

• Ask all team members which codes they are aware of that the lighting design must comply with.

• Confirm with person filing code compliance documents that they agree with input

• Defend any difference of opinion you have

Final Determination of Project Codes, Standards and Criteria

• Encourage a relaxed exchange of ideas and suggest code types they might not equate with lighting:

• Are there relevant health codes?

• Was there a local building code that they discovered on a similar project?

• Is there a local electrical code that might have lighting criteria?

Final Determination of Project Codes, Standards and Criteria

• Confirm full list of codes with Design Team

• Confirm lighting criteria with Client

• Collect copies of codes and criteria

• Publish list of lighting assumptions based on discussions with Client and Design Team

RECENTLY ADOPTED CODES AND STANDARDS

• Review of ASHRAE 90.1 2010 and IECC 2012

Status of Code Adoption by State

IECC 2009/ASHRAE 90.1-2007 ADOPTION AS OF MARCH 2011

IECC 2012/ASHRAE 90.1-2010 ADOPTION AS OF JAN. 2014

ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2010Major Changes From 2007 Version

Expanded exterior LPD requirements• Exterior Lighting ZonesRevised/Corrected Interior LPDsAlterations/Renovations/Expansion• 10%More Required Controls

LZ-0

Lighting Zone 0 should be applied to areas in which permanent lighting is not expected – No Ambient Light

Recommended default zone for wilderness areas, parksand preserves, and undeveloped rural areas.

Includes protected wildlife areas and corridors.

    Zone 0 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4

Base Site Allowance   None 500 W 600 W 750 W 1300 W

Tradable Surfaces Uncovered Parking Areas

Parking areas and

drives None 0.04 W/ft2

0.06 W/ft2 0.10 W/ft2 0.13 W/ft2

Zonal Exterior Power Allowance SAMPLE CHANGE

LZ-1

Lighting Zone 1 pertains to areas that desire low ambient lighting levels Recommended default zone for rural and low density residential areas. May also include the developed areas in parks and other natural settings

Includes residential single or two family; agricultural zone districts; rural residential zone districts; business parks; open space include preserves in developed areas.

LZ-2

Lighting Zone 2 pertains to areas with moderate ambient lighting levels

Recommended default zone for light commercial business districts and high density or mixed use residential districts.

Includes neighborhood business districts; churches, hospitals, schools and neighborhood recreation facilities; and light industrial zoning with modest nighttime uses or lighting requirements

LZ-3

Lighting Zone 3 pertains to areas with moderately high lighting levels.

Recommended default zone for large cities’ business districts

Includes town centers, gas stations, nighttime active exterior retail, business zone districts; commercial mixed use; and heavy industrial and/or manufacturing zone districts.

LZ-4

Lighting Zone 4 pertains to areas of high ambient lighting levels and limited to specific intense night uses within large metropolitan areasNot a default zone.

Includes high intensity business or industrial zone districts.

Reductions in LPDs forBuilding Area Method

TABLE 9.6.1 Lighting Power Densities Using the Space-by-Space Method Common Space Typesa

LPD, W/ft2 RCR Threshold

LPD, W/ft2 RCR Threshold

Atrium— First Three Floors First 40 feet in Height

0.6 0.03 per ft (height)

NA

Atrium— Each Additional Floor Height Above 40 Feet

0.2 0.02 per ft (height)

NA

Classroom/ Lecture/ Training

1.4 1.24 4

For Penitentiary 1.3 Conference/ Meeting/ Multipurpose

1.3 1.23 6

Corridor/ Transition 0.5 0.66 Width < 8 ft

Laboratory 1.4 For Classrooms 1.28 6 For Medical/ Industrial/ Research

1.81 6

Lobby 1.3 0.65 4 For Hotel 1.1 For Performing Arts Theater

3.3 2.00 6

For Motion Picture Theater

1.1 0.52 4

Dressing/ Locker/ Fitting Room

0.6 0.75 6

Lounge/ Recreation 1.2 0.73 4 For Hospital 0.8

Office—Enclosed 1.1 1.11 8 Office—Open Plan 1.1 0.98 4 Restrooms 0.9 0.98 8 Sales Area [for accent lighting, see Section 9.6.2(b)]

1.7 1.68 6

Stairs – Active Stairway 0.6 0.69 10 Active Storage 0.8 0.63 6

Reductions in LPDs for Most Spaces in the Space-by-Space Method - SAMPLE

Revised/Corrected Interior LPDs - Examples

Methodology – Reviewed Space Type Models & Technologies

INCREASED ALLOWANCES Restrooms - Why ?

Partitions

STAYED THE SAME

Library Stacks – Why? Improved Technology offset by partitions

DECREASED ALLOWANCE• Lobby – Why ? Model still had decorative lights

• Classroom/Lecture/Training – Why ? Improved Technology

NEW CATEGORIES• Laboratory for Medical/Industrial/Research

New Atrium Allowance Calculation Method

40’

Decorative Allowance Language

Room Cavity Ratio Adjustment for unusual spaces

• Available only when using the space-by-space method• Calculate Room Cavity Ratio (RCR) for a room• If greater than listed RCR threshold type, a 20% increase is allowed

Control incentives for advanced controls - SAMPLE

Finding the Allowances on COMCheck

Finding the Allowances on COMCheck

Finding the Allowances on COMCheck

Finding the Allowances on COMCheck

Finding the RCR Adder on COMCheck

Finding the RCR Adder on COMCheck

Finding the Retail, Decorative and Control Incentive Allowances on COMCheck

Finding the Control Incentive Allowances on COMCheck

Finding the Retail, Decorative and Control Incentive Allowances on COMCheck

Finding the Retail Allowance on COMCheck

Finding the Retail Allowance on COMCheck

Final Retail Space with All Adders on COMCheck

8,400 Watts Base Wattage Allowance

Possible 24,089 Watts using Maximum of ALL Adders

ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2010Major Changes From 2007 Version• Daylighting control requirements and skylights

• Expanded occupancy sensor control

• Exterior after-hours lighting control

• Parking garage daylight and controls

• Stairwell control (unoccupied 50% reduction)

• Receptacle 50% auto shut-off control

• Functional Testing (commissioning)

30 total addenda – most are on controls

IECC 2012

Major Reorganization from 2009 Version

75% Residential Efficiency • Low Voltage Exempt

Space-by-space LPD Tables• Similar to ASHRAE, but no

Decorative Allowance

Fewer Control Requirements than ASHRAE

Section Numbering Changed

LEDs – The Transition from Legacy Technologies to SSL

There’s always a learning curve

Judging color in the world of LEDs – How do we do it?

• CRI

• CCT

• MacAdam Ellipses

• DU’V’

• CQS

• Gamut Area

• Empirical Review of sources

• ?????

MR16/ PAR Halogen Accent Lights LED

Center Beam Candlepower: 12,500 vs. 14,000 – 11,500 depending on CRI

Watts: 37+transformer vs. 16

Life: 5,000 hrs. vs. 50,000 hrs.

Color: 3,000K vs. 3,000 or 2,700KCRI: 100 vs. 80+ or 90+

Beam: 10° vs. 10°Field: ?

Dimming Range: 100% vs. Depends on Driver/Dimmer Compatibility

CFL LED

Compare: Watts, Delivered Lumens, Spacing to Mounting Height Ratios, Recessing Depth and Aperture Size

15W 21W 28W

Industrial/ Warehouse/Gymnasium High Bays – replacing 400 Watt MH (460w Connected)

Ranging from 16,000 lumens at 169 watts to 25,230 lumens at 247 watts

What LEDs can do that other sources can’t:

Tunability – color, output and watts, • May be based on architectural constraints or

energy usage goals

Distribution • punch with dimming

Forms – new form factors

CMH PAR LED

Halogen PAR Track LED

Xenon / Fluorescent Coves and Display Cases LED

2X2s and 1X4s

LED

ASHRAE 90.1-2013

• Published in late 2013

• Adopted – not yet• May be adopted as a Stretch Code

• LPD review to correspond with IES Handbook

• New Space Types for the Visually Impaired

• Re-organization of Controls Section

• NO LED TECHNOLOGY IN MODELS

ASHRAE 90.1-2013

IECC 2015

• Publication in Spring 2014• Rewrite of the Controls Section for clarity• Addition of the Decorative Allowance like

ASHRAE

• NOT CODE UNTIL ADOPTED BY A JURISDICTION

Research areas for the NEXT Code Cycles:

ASHRAE 90.1 - 2016Make the code simpler

Pressure to Reduce Lighting Power Allowances based on LED Technology

Not just Lumen Output vs. Energy Usage• LIGHTING QUALITY

• UNIFORMITY,

• COLOR QUALITY

Lighting Code Links• Energy Code Adoption Map: http://www.energycodes.gov/status-state-energy-code-adoption

• International Code Council Adoption Maps: http://www.iccsafe.org/gr/Pages/adoptions.aspx

• COMCheck and RESCheck download site: http://www.energycodes.gov/resource-center

• ASHRAE – How to submit a Proposal to change the Standard: https://www.ashrae.org/standards-research--technology/standards--guidelines/continuous-maintenance

• Federal Agencies Design Guides: http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_lib.php?l=6

• Building Codes Assistance Project (BCAP): http://bcap-energy.org/

• BCAP hosted Energy Code Resource: http://energycodesocean.org/

• Construction Code Resource with local contacts: http://www.reedconstructiondata.com/building-codes/

• Another Code Collection Resource: https://law.resource.org/pub/us/code/

• NYC Pool Code: http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/about/healthcode/health-code-article165.pdf