Anatomy & Physiology for Sport

Origins & InsertionsSession 10

Session Aim/Objectives

Aim

• Gain knowledge of muscles & origin/insertions for part of task 7 on the assignment

Objectives

• List names of muscles in the body (Re-cap)• Identify origin/insertion of different muscles

Lesson Re-cap

• Name the different types of muscles

• What is the difference between Voluntary & involuntary muscles?

Muscular Attachment

• Muscles are attached to bones via t….s• Tendons are inelastic and inflexible• Muscles have a a point of o…..n and a

point of i…………n.• The attachment of muscle tendon to a

stationary bone is called the point of origin

• The attachment of a muscle tendon to a bone that moves is called the point of insertion

The insertion is where the tendon of the muscle joins the moving bone(s).

The Origin and InsertionThe Origin and Insertion When a muscle contracts, only one bone moves leaving the other stationary. The points at which the tendons are attached to the bone are known as the origin and the insertion.

Origin

Insertion

The radius and ulna are the moving bones.

The origin is where the tendon of the muscle joins the stationary bone(s).

The arm is being flexed.

The humerus and scapula are stationary bones.

Origin & Insertion

Example: Bicep Origin = scapulaInsertion = radius

Task 1

• Attempt to name the insertion and origin on the following muscles

• Gastrocnemius• Hamstrings• Quadriceps• Tricep• Bicep• Trapezius• Deltoid

Origin and Insertion

Muscle Origin Insertion

Gastrocnemius Back of femur Calcaneum(Heel bone)

Hamstrings Pelvis femur

Quadriceps Top of femur/pelvis Through patella onto tibia

Origin and Insertion

Muscle Origin InsertionTricep Scapula and

humerusUlna and forearm

Bicep Scapula Radius

Trapezius Base of cranium and thoracic

vertbrae

Clavicle and scapula

Deltoids Clavicle and scapula

Top of humerus

Conclusion

• Muscles have a point of…………and a point of………….., What do they mean?

• What is the insertion and origin of the hamstring muscle?

• Next Session – Antagonistic muscle pairings

Session 11

Session Aim/ObjectivesAim

• Gain knowledge of antagonistic pairs for part of task 7 on the assignment

Objectives

• All will Identify antagonistic muscle pairs from different movements at joints

• Some will identify muscle pairings used through different types of movements

Re-cap previous session

• Name as many muscles as you can in the human body!

Antagonistic Muscle Pairs

• Agonist -- A muscle that produces a desired action is the prime mover or agonist (biceps brachii for flexion of the forearm).

• Antagonist -- The muscle that opposes the desired motion is the antagonist; it must be relaxed while the agonist is contracted (triceps brachii for flexion of the forearm).

Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are attached to the bones by strong cords known as tendons.

Movement of the arm

at the elbow

Antagonistic MusclesAntagonistic Muscles

They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing in turn to create movement.

Agonist or Prime Mover(Biceps contract)

The muscle doing the work (contracting) and creating the movement is called the agonist or prime mover.

Flexion (Bending) of the ArmFlexion (Bending) of the Arm

Antagonist(Triceps relax)

The muscle which is relaxing and letting the movement take place

is called the antagonist.

Flexion of the ArmFlexion of the ArmDrag each label to the correct place on the arm. (Although both flexion and extension are shown, the labels only refer to flexion).

Activity – What are these muscles paired with?

• Pectorals /• Anterior deltoids / • Trapezius /• Spinae erector /• Right external obliques / • Hamstrings / • Gastrocnemius /• Triceps /

Different muscle pairs

• Pectorals / Latissimuss Dorsi• Anterior deltoids / Posterior deltoids• Trapezius / Deltoids• Spinae erector / Rectus abdominus• Right external obliques / Left external

obliques• Hamstrings / Quadriceps• Gastrocnemius / Tibialis anterior• Triceps / Biceps

Task

• In pairs think of 3 movements and provide the agonist & antagonist for each muscle pairing.

Locate and name the following parts involved in the extension of the arm:

Origin

Insertion

Triceps: agonist(prime mover)contracting muscle

Biceps: antagonistrelaxing muscle

Scapula

HumerusRadius

Ulna

Metacarpals

Phalanges

Carpals

Extension (Straightening) of the ArmExtension (Straightening) of the Arm

Agonist (prime mover) Antagonist Origin Insertion Any Bones

Extension of the ArmExtension of the ArmDrag each label to the correct place on the arm. (Although both flexion and extension are shown, the labels only refer to extension).

Task• In the table provided name the muscles being

used in the following movements and determine which is the agonist/antagonist * It may help to carry the movement out

Push-up

Calf stretch

Chest press

Tricep dip

Conclusion

• Muscles work in p…., they have an a……….and a ………..., what does each do?

• Q. If the knee joint is flexed what muscles are relaxing/contracting

• Next session – Types of muscular contraction