Post on 01-Jan-2016
Satellite Observations of Tropospheric Gases and Aerosols
Randall Martin
With contributions from:With contributions from:Rongming Hu (Dalhousie University)Rongming Hu (Dalhousie University)
Chris Sioris, Xiong Liu, Kelly Chance (Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory)Chris Sioris, Xiong Liu, Kelly Chance (Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory)Tom Ryerson, Andy Neuman (NOAA/CIRES)Tom Ryerson, Andy Neuman (NOAA/CIRES)
Ron Cohen (Berkeley)Ron Cohen (Berkeley)Aaron Swanson, Frank Flocke (NCAR)Aaron Swanson, Frank Flocke (NCAR)
Space-based Measurements of Tropospheric Composition Space-based Measurements of Tropospheric Composition Related to Both Air Quality and ClimateRelated to Both Air Quality and Climate
Sensor TOMS GOME MOPITT MISR MODIS AIRS SCIA-MACHY
TES OMI CALIOP
Platform (launch)
multi
(1979-)
ERS-2 (1995)
Terra Aqua
(1999) ( 2002)
Envisat (2002)
Aura
(2004)
Calipso
2005
ozone X (low lat)
X X X
CO X X X
NO2 X X X
HCHO X X
aerosol X X X X X X
Retrieval of Tropospheric NORetrieval of Tropospheric NO22 from SCIAMACHY from SCIAMACHY
Spectral Fit
Remove Stratosphere
Total NO2 Slant Column
Tropospheric NO2 Slant Column
Calculate AMF
Tropospheric NO2 Column
Martin et al., 2002, 2005
Martin et al., 2002
Palmer et al. 2001 Martin et al., 2002, 2003, 2005
Mean Total Uncertainty ±(5x1014 molec cm-2 + 30%)
Scattering by Earth surface and by atmosphere
Significant Agreement Between Coincident Cloud-Filtered SCIAMACHY and Significant Agreement Between Coincident Cloud-Filtered SCIAMACHY and ICARTT In-Situ Measurements In Summer 2004ICARTT In-Situ Measurements In Summer 2004
r = 0.78
slope = 0.82
1:1 line
Ryerson (WP-3D)
Cohen (DC-8)
Chris Sioris
Cloud-radiance fraction < 0.5
In-situ measurements below 1 km & above 3 km
Assume constant mixing ratio below lowest measurement
Add upper tropospheric profile from mean obs
In Situ NO2 Columns
NASA DC-8 NOAA WP-3D
SC
IAM
AC
HY
NO
2
Cloud-filtered Tropospheric NOCloud-filtered Tropospheric NO22 Columns Retrieved from Columns Retrieved from
SCIAMACHYSCIAMACHY
May-Oct 2004
detectionlimit
Errorweightin
g
Conduct a Chemical Inversion & Combine Top-Down Conduct a Chemical Inversion & Combine Top-Down and Bottom-up Inventories with Error Weightingand Bottom-up Inventories with Error Weighting
A posteriori emissionsTop-Down Emissions
1015 molec N cm-2
A Priori NOx EmissionsSCIAMACHY NO2 Columns
1011 molec N cm-2 s-1
GEOS-CHEM model
GEIA
May-Oct 2004
Global Optimal Emission Inventory RevealsGlobal Optimal Emission Inventory RevealsMajor Discrepancy in NOx Emissions from MegacitiesMajor Discrepancy in NOx Emissions from Megacities
r2=0.82 vs a priori
In Situ Airborne Measurements Over and Downwind of New In Situ Airborne Measurements Over and Downwind of New York City Support A Posteriori InventoryYork City Support A Posteriori Inventory
In Situ
GEOS-CHEM (A priori)
GEOS-CHEM (A posteriori)
P-3 Measurements Tom Ryerson (NOAA) Aaron Swanson Andy Neuman Frank Flocke (NCAR) (CIRES/NOAA)
Large Change in NOx Emissions Near New York CityLarge Change in NOx Emissions Near New York City
1011 atoms N cm-2 s-1 1011 atoms N cm-2 s-1 1011 atoms N cm-2 s-1
A posteriori A posteriori – A priori
7.8 Tg N 0.6 Tg N
r2 = 0.92
7.2 Tg N
A priori
Liu et al., submitted
Direct Retrieval of Tropospheric Ozone from GOMEDirect Retrieval of Tropospheric Ozone from GOMEUsing Optimal Estimation in Ultraviolet with TOMS V8 Using Optimal Estimation in Ultraviolet with TOMS V8 a prioria priori
GOME GEOS-CHEM
Tro
po
sph
eric Ozo
ne C
olu
mn
(Do
bso
n U
nits)
Aerosol Absorption Contributes to Differences Between Aerosol Absorption Contributes to Differences Between Aerosol Optical Depth and the Absorbing Aerosol IndexAerosol Optical Depth and the Absorbing Aerosol Index
July 2000
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.4
0
3.0
2.2
1.6
0.8
0
July 2000
MODIS
TOMS
Retrieval of Aerosol Single Scattering AlbedoRetrieval of Aerosol Single Scattering AlbedoDetermined with radiative transfer calculation as Determined with radiative transfer calculation as SSA that reproduces
TOMS Aerosol Index when constrained by MODIS aerosol optical depth
Rongming Hu
July 2000
r = 0.8
Slope = 1.01
Intercept = -0.02
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Rongming Hu (Dalhousie University)
Chris Sioris, Xiong Liu, Kelly Chance (Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory)
Tom Ryerson, Andy Neuman (NOAA/CIRES)
Ron Cohen (Berkeley)
Aaron Swanson, Frank Flocke (NCAR)
Funding:
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
• Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS)
• Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI)
• Nova Scotia Research and Innovation Trust (NSRIT)