Post on 31-Dec-2016
saqarTvelo da regionaluri an umciresobaTa
enebis evropuli qartia
jonatan uiTli
ECMI-is samuSao moxseneba # 42
ivnisi, 2009 w.
umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri (ECMI) ECMI saTavo ofisi: Sifbriuke 12 (kompagnietor) D-24939 flensburgi, germania
tel: +49-(0) 461-14 14 9-0 faqsi +49-(0) 461-14 14 9-19 vebgverdi: http://www.ecmi.de
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ECMI-is samuSao moxseneba # 42 umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centri (ECMI)
saavtoro uflebebi 2009 wlisTvis ekuTvnis umciresobaTa sakiTxbis evropul centrs (ECMI) gamoqveynebulia 2009 wlis ivnisSi umciresobaTa sakiTxebis evropuli centris mier (ECMI) ISSN: 1435-9812
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sarCevi
I. Sesavali..........................................................................................................................................................4
II. saqarTveloSi enobrivi mravalferovnebis SenarCuneba......................8
1. nawilis II-is gamoyenebis moculoba....................................................................................8 2. dacvis saWiroeba....................................................................................................................................18 3. dacva regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartiis nawili II-is Sesabamisad...................................................................................................................20 III. enobrivi uflebebi da samoqalaqo integracia..........................................24
1. ganaTleba.......................................................................................................................................................30 2. marTlmsajulebis sistema.................................................................................................................33 3. saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebi............................................................................35 4. mediis saSualebebi..............................................................................................................................38 5. kultura..........................................................................................................................................................41 6. ekonomikuri saqmianobebi...............................................................................................................43 7. sazRvarTSorisi gacvla................................................................................................................44 8. nawili III-is gamoyenebis Sejameba.......................................................................................44 IV. daskvna.........................................................................................................................................................45
danarTi 1: regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartia..................................47
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I. Sesavali
saqarTvelo mravalenovan da mravaleTnikur sazogadoebas
warmoadgens. mraval umciresobaTa enaze saubroben saqarTveloSi, maT
Sorisa: afxazuri, osuri, azerbaijanuli, somxuri, rusuli, ukrainuli,
kurmanji (qurTuli), CeCnuri (qisturi), otomanuri Turquli, pontiuri
berZnuli, siriuli, avaruli, wova-TuSuri da udinuri. amis garda,
qarTuli mosaxleobis umetesoba saubrobs oTx gansxvavebul enaze –
qarTuli, megruli, svanuri da lazuri – Tumca isini ZiriTadad
adgilobriv enebs warmoadgenen da ar gamoiyeneba weriTi formiT.
saqarTvelos konstituciis me-8 muxlis Tanaxmad, oficialuri saxelmwifo
ena aris qarTuli, afxazeTSi aseve afxazuri. umciresobaTa enebis umetesi
nawili gamoiyeneba mxolod qveynis calkeul regionebSi.
1999 wlis aprilSi, evropis sabWoSi gawevrianebisas, saqarTvelom
valdebuleba aiRo, xeli moewera regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis
evropul qartiaze da misi ratificireba moexdina gawevrianebidan erTi
wlis ganmavlobaSi. Tumca evropis saWoSi gawevrianebidan aTi wlis Semdeg,
saqarTvelos arc qartiaze mouweria xeli da arc misi ratificireba
mouxdenia.
am sakiTxis dayovnebis ramodenime mizezi arsebobs. erT-erTi maTgani
aris is, rom prezident eduard SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis bolo periodSi,
romelic sabolood 2003 wlis noemberSi vardebis revoluciiT damTavrda,
saqarTvelo nel-nela kargavda stimuls, ufro sruli integracia moexdina
evropul struqturebTan. saqarTvelos gawevrianebas evropis sabWoSi 1999
wels xelmZRvanelobda saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavmjdomare zurab
Jvania, romelic evropul struqturebTan integraciis mxardamWeri iyo.
Tumca 2001 wlis bolosaTvis, Jvania da misi momxreebi warmoadgendnen
opozicias da eduard SevardnaZis ukiduresad izolirebuli
mTavrobisaTvis evropis sabWoSi srulyofili monawileoba ar iyo
prioriteti. vardebis revoluciis Semdeg, pro-evropuli politikuri
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orientacia aRdgenil iqna da 2005 wlis bolos parlamentma erovnul
umciresobaTa dacvis CarCo-konvenciis ratificireba moaxdina. am
mniSvnelovani nabijis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos mTavroba ar gamoxatavs
mondomebas moaxdinos enebis qartiis ratifikacia.
Seyovnebis erT-erTi mizezi aris qarTulenovani mosaxleobis
umravlesobaSi gavrcelebuli sazogadoebrivi azri, romelsac mxars uWers
parlamentarebis da saxelmwifo moxeleebis didi nawili. ena Zalian
politizirebuli sakiTxia da qarTul enas miniWebuli aqvs TiTqmis wminda
statusi, rogorc qarTuli eris arsebobis wyaros. enis centralurma
poziciam eTno-nacionalur politikur SexedulebaSi apogeas miaRwia 1980-
iani wlebis bolos da 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos
damoukideblobisTvis brZolis periodSi, Tumca igi dResac aqtualuria.
amavdroulad, saqarTveloSi umciresobaTa enebis gamoyeneba ganisazRvreba
qarTuli umravlesobis mier rogorc Secdoma, romelic saWiroebs
Sesworebas. amas agreTve emateba is azri, rom erovnuli umciresobebi
warmoadgenen Tavisebur “mesame kolonas”, romelTa erTguleba
saxelmwifos mimarT arasdros ar aris garantirebuli. saqarTvelos
mosaxleobis umravlesobisTvis filosofiur gamowvevas warmoadgens imis
gaTviTcnobiereba, rom umciresobaTa enebi warmoadgenen qveynisTvis
kulturuli simdidris wyaros.
Tumca, es ideologiuri midgoma ar aris erTaderTi mizezi imisa, rom
saqarTvelom dRemde ar moawera xeli enebis qartias. agreTve arsebobs
sakmaod praqtikuli sakiTxi, SeiZleba Tu ara, erTi mxriv, integraciis
miznebis da, meore mxriv, umciresobaTa enebis waxalisebis, SeTanxmeba.
erTiani sazogadoebis, anu demosis, romelic efuZneba cnebas “Cven, eri”,
Seqmnis sakiTxSi saqarTvelos ZiriTad problemas warmoadgens erTiani enis
ararseboba, romelzec mTeli eri isaubrebs. es sakiTxi
problematuriaATiTqmis yvela yofili sabWoTa kavSiris respublikisaTvis.
saqarTveloSi es problema gansakuTrebuli simwvaviT dadga 1990-ian da
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adreul 2000-ian wlebSi saxelmwifos sisustis gamo, rasac daemata
geografiulad izolirebuli araqarTulenovani mosaxleobis qveynis
samoqalaqo cxovrebaSi integraciis warumatebeli mcdelobebi. 2002 wlis
mosaxlebis saerTo aRweriTi monacemebis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos erovnuli
umciresobebis mxolod 31%-i Tavisuflad flobs qarTul enas; 1979 wels
es maCvenebeli 19,5% Seadgenda1. procentuli zrda Zalian dabalia,
gansakuTrebiT, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom erovnuli umciresobebis mravalma
warmomadgenelma datova qveyana damoukideblobis miRebis Semdeg da
logikuria davaskvnaT, rom isini vinc cudad flobdnen an saerTod ar
flobda qarTul enas, eqnebodaT wasvlis yvelaze didi mizezi. amitom,
SesaZlebelia, rom es dabali zrdac ki (19,5%-dan 31%-mde) aris ufro
imigraciis Sedegi, vidre saxelmwifo enis gaumjobesebuli codnis
maCvenebeli. Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT, rom TiTqmis yvela beWdviTi masala
da saxelmwifo dokumenti qveyndeba qarTul enaze, bevr TemSi, sadac
umciresobebis enebze molaparake mosaxleobaa koncentrirebuli, romlebic
cudad flobs an saerTod ar flobs qarTul enas, imyofebian informaciul
vakuumSi da mciredi warmodgena aqvT qveyanaSi mimdinare movlenebze. es
gansakuTrebiT miesadageba qvemo qarTlsa da samcxe-javaxeTSi mcxovreb
azerbaijanul da somxur Temebs, sadac umciresobaTa enebze molaparake
sazogadoebasTvis damaxasiaTiabeli iyo sakuTari Tavis azerbaijanul da
somxur, da ara qarTul kulturul sivrcesTan mimxrobis tendencia.
samoqalaqo integraciis problemis gadawyveta mdgomareobs
WeSmaritad mravalenovani sazogadoebis ganviTarebaSi, sadac instituciur
doneze arsebobs orenovnebis (bilingualizmis) waxalisebis tendencia da
ar aqvs adgili izolacionizmis da sazogado sferodan umciresobaTa
enebis aRmofxvras. umciresobaTa enebze molaparake mosaxleobisTvis
saWiroa motivaciis Seqmna, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrda TaobisTvis, raTa
1 wyaroebi: saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 2002 wlis pirveli erovnuli sayovelTao aRweris Sedegebi; saqarTvelos ssr-is centraluri statistikuri uwyeba, sabWoTa kavSiris mosaxleobis aRweris Sedegebi 1979 wlisTvis saqarTvelos respublikaSi (Tbilisi, 1980 w.).
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maT survili hqondeT iswavlon qarTuli ena da am gziT integrireba
moaxdinon qveynis socialur, ekonomikur da politikur cxovrebaSi.
amavdroulad, saWiroa umciresobaTa enebze molaparake mosaxleobis
darwmuneba, rom saxelmwifo namdvilad afasebs maT enebs da kulturas da
ar aqvs “faruli gegma”, moaxdinos maTi asimilacia.
MTumca, erTis mxriv, qarTuli sazogadoeba xasiaTdeba samoqalaqo
integraciis sferoSi gamocdilebis ar qoniT da didi enobrivi Temebis
metnaklebad gancalkevebuli ganviTarebiT – rogoricaa qarTvelebi,
azerbaijanelebi qvemo qarTlSi da somxebi samcxe-javaxeTSi, ufro patara
enobriv jgufebs naklebi saSualeba hqondaT sakuTari kulturuli
TviTmyofadobis SesanarCuneblad da SeiZleba asimilacia maT xelsayrel
pirobadac ki CaeTvalaT - es yvelaze metad miesadageba Zalze
mcirericxovan enobriv Temebs, rogoricaa, magaliTad, udinebi, wova-TuSebi,
avarebi da asirielebi, romlebsac naklebad gaaCniaT SesaZlebloba miscen
sakuTar Svilebs ganaTleba mSobliur enaze. am umciresobebs, somxebisa da
azerbaijanelebisgan gansxvavebiT, ar aqvT monaTesave saxelmwifo, sadac
gaaJRereben Tavis problemas, da praqtikulad ar gaaCniaT sakuTari enis
SenarCunebis saSualeba. amitom saWiroa dauyoneblivi da aqtiuri zomebis
miReba, am enebis gadasarCenad. regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis
evropuli qartiis meore nawilSi aRwerilia meqanizmi, romelic am miznis
miRwevas SesaZlebels xdis.
winamdebare moxseneba gayofilia or nawilad. pirvelSi me ganvixilav
im regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis SenarCunebis sakiTxs, romlebsac
gaqroba emuqreba. es exeba ara marto zemoTCamoTvlil umciresobaTa enebs,
aramed sam regionalur qarTul enasac – megrul, svanur da lazur enebs,
rac politikurad sakamaToa, radgan maTi aRiareba gansxvavebul enebad
SeiZleba interpretirebul iqnas, rogorc muqara qarTuli eris erTianobis
mimarT. am moxsenebis pirvel nawilSi ganxiluli iqneba am enebis dacva
enebrovi qartiis meore nawilSi aRwerili meqanizmebis gamoyenebiT.
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moxsenebis meore nawilSi ganxiluli iqneba is enebi, romlebzec
saubroben didi, teritoriulad kompaqturi erovnuli umciresobebi,
kerZod, azerbaijanelebi da somxebi. saWiroa am enebis mxardaWerisTvis im
regionebSi, sadac isini farTod gamoiyeneba, konkretuli zomebis miReba.
problema isaa, rom saWiroa maTi sazogado cxovrebaSi gamoyenebis iseTi
xelSewyoba, rom ziani ar miadges qarTuli enis saxelmwifo statuss an
xeli ar SeeSalos azerbaijanuli da somxuri umciresobebis integracias
qarTul sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. amisTvis saWiroa ganvixiloT, Tu
rogor SeiZleba enobrivi qartiis mesame nawilis debulebebis gamoyeneba am
enebis mimarT.
II. saqarTveloSi enobrivi mravalferovnebis SenarCuneba
enobrivi qartiis ZiriTadi konceptualuri principi albaT aris
“regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis aRiareba kulturuli simdidris
gamoxatulebad” (muxli 7.1a). am principidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba
davaskvnaT, rom regionaluri an umciresobis enis dakargva qveynis
kulturuli simdidrisTvis danakargia. aqedan gamomdinare, enobrivi
mravalferovneba ganixileba, rogorc faseuloba, romelic dacvas
saWiroebs. moxsenebis am nawilis mizania saqarTvelos enobrivi
mravalferovnebis ganxilva, Tavidan imis gansazRvrebiT, Tu ra
regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi arsebobs saqarTveloSi da Sesabamisad,
qartiis nawili II–is gamoyenebis moculobis gansazRvra; Semdeg am enebis
winaSe aresebuli safrTxeebis Seswavla da bolos, imis ganxilva, Tu
rogor SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas nawili II am enebTan mimarTebaSi da ra
meqanizmebi arsebobs maTi dacvisa da ganviTarebisTvis.
1. nawili II-is gamoyenebis moculoba
Jan-mari vurlingis Tanaxmad, enobrivi qartiis meore nawili (anu muxli 7)
gulisxmobs mis gamoyenebas yvela regionalur an umciresobaTa enis
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mimarT.2 magram, es varaudi, Tavis mxriv, iwvevs kiTxvas, Tu ras warmoadgens
regionaluri an umciresobaTa ena. aq sayuradRebo muxls warmoadgens
muxli 1a, romelSic naTqvamia:
am qartiis miznebisTvis:
a. “regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi” aris is enebi, romlebic:
i. tradiciulad gamoiyeneba saxelmwifos garkveul teritoriaze misi
moqalaqeebis mier, romlebic Seadgenen saxelmwifos danarCen mosaxleobaze
ricxobrivad ufro patara jgufs; da
ii. gansxvavdeba saxelmwifos oficialur enis/enebisgan;
amaSi ar Sedis saxelmwifos oficialuri enis/enebis dialeqtebi an
migrantTa enebi.
cxrilSi 1 (ix. qvemoT) mocemulia saqarTveloSi arsebuli da
aRiarebuli yvela enis CamonaTvali, maT Sorisaa enebi, romlebic yvelaze
metad akmayofileben enobrivi qartiis muxlSi 1a Camoyalibebul
kriteriumebs, da agreTve enebi, romlebic ar Seesabameba maT cxramet enas.
sinamdvileSi Seesabameba muxlSi 1-Si CamoTvlil kriteriumebs: afxzuri,
azerbaijanuli, somxuri, rusuli, osuri, kurmanji, ukrainuli, CeCnuri,
urum Turquli, ponturi berZnuli, asiriuli neo-aramauli, bohtanuri neo-
arameuli, avaruli da bacburi. momdevno cxra ena – germanuli, polonuri,
boSuri, moldovuri, estonuri, latvuri, litvuri, Cexuri da bulgaruli.
udinuri ena SesZloa CaiTvalos sasazRvro SemTxvevad. Udinuri,
romelzec saubroben saqarTvelos yvarlis raionis sofel oqtomberSi,
mniSvnelovan dacvas saWiroebs da Sesabamisi zomebis gatarebis gareSe,
SesaZloa mkvdar enad iqces. sinamdvileSi, am enaze mxolod sam sofelSi
saubroben (erT - qarTul zemoTxsenebul sofelSi da or - azerbaijanSi
mdebare sofelSi). Tumca saqarTveloSi arsebuli udinuri ena ar SeiZleba
miCneul iqnes tradiciul enad, radgan es ena Semotanil iqna migrantebis
mier azerbaijanidan, romlebic gadmosaxldnen saqarTveloSi I msoflio
2 Jan-mari vurlingi, regionaluri da umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartia: kritikuli komentari (strasburgi: evrosabWos gamomcemloba, 2005 w.).
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omis Semdgom, daaxloebiT 1920 wlisaTvis. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom
Sefasebis praqtikis mixedviT, magaliTisaTvis: makedoniuri ena serbeTSi da
Cexuri slovakeTSi, enobrivi qartiis eqspertTa komitetma, I msoflio omis
dasrulebis Semdgom gavrcelebuli enebi, regionalur an umciresobaTa
enebad miiCnia. Sesabimasad, udinuri ena ar eqvemdebare regionaluri
qartiiT dacvas. dRevandelobis gaTvaliswinebiT, igi SeiZleba ramodenime
weliwadSi qartiis dacvis qveS moeqces.
danarCeni oTxi ena – latviuri, Cexuri, boSuri da moldovuri,
savaraudod ar akmayofilebs kriteriums, vinaidan warmoadgenen migrantTa
mier SedarebiT axlaxans gavrcelebul enebs, anu umetswilad sabWoTa
periodSi. idiSuri, romelzec saubrobs ebraelTa mosaxleobis mcire
nawili saqarTveloSi, aseve sul axlaxans iqna wamoweuli wina planze,
rogorc ebrauli ploretariatis ena da aqedan gamomdinare, ver
akmayofilebs kriteriums.
cxrili 1: regionaluri da umciresobaTa enebi saqarTveloSi
ena enobrivi ojaxi saubroben mosaxleobis ricxvi, romelic mSobliur enad miiCnevs3
adgilmdebareoba
azerbaijanuli azerbaijanuli qvejgufi, Turquli
azerbaijanelebi 283,632 marneulis, bolnisis, dmanisis raionebi (mosaxleobis 50%-ze meti). agreTve gardabnis, sagarejos, lagodexis da Telavis raionebi (10%-ze meti).
somxuri Trakiuli qvejgufi, indo-evropuli
somxebi 235,653 axalqalaqis da ninowmindis raionebi (90%-ze meti), walkis
3 monacemebSi ar Sedis afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis regionebSi mcxovrebi mosaxleoba, sadac saqarTvelos saxelmwifos ver axorcielebs mmarTvelobas da sadac ar arsebobs mosaxleobis aRweris uaxlesi monacemebi. wyaroebi: (azerbaijanuli, somxuri, ukrainuli da rusuli enebisTvis) saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwipo departamenti, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 2002 wlis pireveli erovnuli sayovelTao aRweris Sedegebi (Tbilisi: 2003 w.); (sxvebisTvis) miaxlovebuli monacemebi,
miRebuli ECMI-is Sefasebebidan 2006-2009 wlebisTvis.
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raioni (50%-ze meti). agreTve axalcixis da aspinZis raionebi (10%-ze meti). didi ricxvia agreTve TbilisSi.
afxazuri Crdilo-dasavlur kavkasiuri
afxazebi daax. 3,500 aWara, Tbilisi, rusTavi
rusuli slavuri qvejgufi, indo-evropuli
rusebi, zogierTi sxva umciresobac, gansakuTr., Tbiliseli somxebi da osebi
83,007 yvela mTavari qalaqis centri, gansakuTrebiT Tbilisi; zogierTi soflis regionebi, gansakuTrebiT kaxeTsa da ninowmindis raionebSi
osuri iranuli qvejgufi, indo-evropuli
osebi 31,381 kaxeTi, Sida qarTli, mcxeTa-mTiuleTi
kurmanji iranuli qvejgufi, indo-evropuli
qurTebi/iezidebi daax. 10,000 Tbilisi, Telavi, sxva urbanuli teritoriebi
ukrainuli slavuri qvejgufi, indo-evropuli
ukrainelebi 5,466 mTavari qalaqebis centrebi, gansakuTrebiT baTumi
CeCnuri (qisturi)
naxuri qvejgufi, kavkasiuri
qistebi daax. 7,000 axmetis raioni, Tbilisi
idiSi germanuli, indo-evropuli
ebraelebi <1000 Tbilisi, gori, quTaisi
germanuli germanuli, indo-evropuli
germanelebi <1000 Tbilisi, rustavi, baTumi, bolnisi
polonuri dasavlur slavuri, indo-evropuli
polonelebi <1000 ZiriTadad Tbilisi, magram agreTve quTaisi, baTumi, rusTavi da axalcixe
boSuri indo-iranuli, indo-evropuli
boSebi daax. 1500 Tbilisi, rusTavi, quTaisi, qobuleTi
urum Turquli Turquli berZnebi daax. 1500 walkis, TeTriwyaros raionebi
pontiuri berZnuli
indo-evropuli berZnebi daax. 1000 izolirebuli Temebi
siriuli neoaramauli
semituri asirielebi (warmoSobiT ZiriTadad iranidan)
daax. 2000 Tbilisi, sofeli kanda (mcxeTis raioni), dasavluri saqarTvelo
bohtanuri neoarameuli
semituri asirielebi (warmoSobiT ZiriTadad TurqeTidan)
daax. 1000 gardabani, Tbilisi
avaruli daRestanuri, Crdilo-aRmosavluri
Avarebi <2,000 yvarlis raioni
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kavkasiuri
bacburi naxuri, Crdilo-aRmosavluri kavkasiuri
wova-TuSebi <1,000 axmetis raioni
udinuri lekuri, Crdilo-aRmosavluri kavkasiuri
Udinebi <500 yvarlis raioni
moldovuri romaul-germanuli, indo-evropuli
Moldovelebi <1000 Tbilisi
estonuri balto-finuri, uraluri
estonelebi <100 urbanuli teritoriebi
latviuri baltiuri, indo-evropuli
latvielebi <100 urbanuli teritoriebi
Litvuri baltiuri, indo-evropuli
litvelebi <100 urbanuli teritoriebi
Cexuri dasavlur-slavuri, indo-evropuli
Cexebi <50 urbanuli teritoriebi
bulgaruli samxreT-slavuri, indo-evropuli
bulgarelebi <150 urbanuli teritoriebi
lekuri lekuri, Crdilo-aRmosavluri kavkasiuri
lekebi <50 urbanuli teritoriebi
megruli qarTveluri, samxreT kavkasiuri
qarTvelebi daax. 400,000 samegrelos regioni, Tbilisi
svanuri qarTveluri, samxreT kavkasiuri
qarTvelebi daax. 30000 mestiis, lentexis raionebi, qvemo qarTli
lazuri qarTveluri, samxreT kavkasiuri
qarTvelebi <1000 sarfi, kvariaTi, gonio (aWara)
da bolos, gvaqvs sami bolomde dauzustebeli SemTxveva, sadac
gaurkvevlobaa imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rasTan gvaqvs saqme - enasTan Tu
ubralod qarTuli enis dialeqtTan. esenia megruli, svanuri da lazuri. es
enebi/dialeqtebi, qarTulis msgavsad, miekuTvnebian enebis igive
(qarTvelur) qvejgufs, magram sakmarisad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan
imisaTvis, rom erTmaneTisTvis gasagebi iyvnen. am enebze mosaubre adamianebi
sakuTar Tavs qarTvelebad Tvlian da faqtobrivad, yvela maTgani
Tavisuflad flobs qarTuls. am enobrivi jgufebidan mniSvnelovnad ufro
didi jgufi - megrelebia, romlebic dasaxlebulni arian dasavleTSi
samegrelos mxaresa da afxazeTis galis raionSi; saqarTveloSi
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daaxloebiT 40,0000-dan 50,0000-mde megrul enaze molaparake adamiani
cxovrobs, rac Seadgens qveynis mTliani mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 10%-s4.
lazuri ena gasagebia imaTTvis, vinc saubrobs megrulad da piriqiT.
lazuri enis mflobelebis umravlesoba cxovrobs dRevandel TurqeTSi
(sadac es ena cnobilia, rogorc lazuriuli), Tumca qarTul sasazRvro
sofel sarfSi, da agreTve, axlomdebare kvariaTis da gonios soflebSi
cxovrobs lazurad molaparake ramodenime aseuli adamiani. svanur enaze
molaparake mosaxleoba koncentrirebulia Crdilo-dasavleT
saqarTveloSi, svaneTis mTian regionSi, sadac 20,000-ze meti macxovrebeli
cxovrobs.
megruli, svanuri da lazuri enebi ZiriTadad sasaubro enebia, Tumca
ramodenime folkloruli teqsti, rogoricaa, magaliTad, SoTa rusTavelis
epikuri poema “vefxistyaosani”, gadaiTargmna megrul enaze qarTuli anbanis
gamoyenebiT. qarTvel enaTmecnierTa Soris arsebobs tendencia, ganixilon
es enebi, rogorc dialeqtebi da ara calke enebi. megruli, svanuri da
lazuri enebis aRiarebaze uaris Tqmas aqvs Zlieri politikuri motivi,
romelic efuZneba im azrs, rom aseTi nabiji safrTxes uqmnis qarTvelebis,
rogorc mTliani eris, erTianobas. aq gansxvaveba dialeqtsa da enas Soris
gadamwyvetia, vinaidan enebi eqvemdebarebian dacvas enobrivi da
regionaluri evropuli qartiis meore nawilis mixedviT, maSin roca
saxelmwifo enis/enebis dialeqtebi amas ar eqvemdebarebian.
am sakiTxis politikuri mgrZnobiarobis axsna SeiZleba qarTvelebis
umetesobis gonebaSi arsebuli asociaciiT “ersa” da “enas” Soris, da
agreTve imiT, Tu rogor eqceodnen megrul identurobas uaxloes
istoriaSi. Sua saukuneebidan moyolebuli me-19 saukunis dasawyisamde,
roca saqarTvelo ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi Sevida, megruli iyo
4 ix. lorens broersi, “vin arian megrelebi? ena, identuroba da politika dasavleT saqarTveloSi” (moxseneba erTa Seswavlebis asociaciis meeqvse wliuri konvenciisTvis, 2001 w.)
http://www.bonetweb.com/caucasus/KV/OECAUC/mingrelians.pdf
14
adgilobrivi ena, romelzec saubrobda samegrelos da nawilobriv
dRevandeli afxazeTis TiTqmis mTeli mosaxleoba. mxolod sasuliero
elitis mcirericxovani kasta am regionebSi iyenebda qarTuls, rogorc
literaturul enas. me-19 saukunis meore naxevarSi rusma eTnografebma
daiwyes megrelebis calke eTnikur jgufad klasifikacia, danarCen qarTul
sazogadoebasTan arsebuli enobrivi gansxvavebebis safuZvelze, ramac
Zlieri protesti gamoiwvia qarTul inteligenciaSi. es kamaTi gagrZelda
sabWoTa kavSiris daarsebis Semdegac. mosaxleobis sruliad sakavSiro
aRweraSi, romelic Catarda 1926 wels, megrelebi, svanebi, lazebi da
aWarlebi iyvnen klasificirebuli, rogorc calke erovnebebi (народности),
gansxvavebuli qarTvelebisgan. amave dros (rac grZeldeboda 1930-ian ww-
mde) gamodioda presa megrul enaze, adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi komunisturi
partiis ideologiis gavrcelebis mizniT. Tumca, 1939 wels mosaxleobis
xelaxali aRwerisas megrelebis klasifikacia moxda iseve, rogorc
qarTvelebisa, da megruli presa gauqmda.5
miuxedavad imisa, rom megrelebis calke erovnebad kvalifikaciis
mcdelobaze uari iTqva, qarTul inteligenciaSi darCa STabeWdileba, rom
moskovi awyobs SeTqmulebas qarTveli eris “gayofasa da batonobaze”.
megruli sakiTxis irgvliv arsebuli polemika kvlav wamoiWra saqarTvelos
mier damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg. afxazeTSi omis Semdeg, romlis
Sedegad afxazeTma moipova de-faqto damoukidebloba Tbilisisgan da
moxda daaxloebiT 250 aTasi qarTvelis gandevna, afxazuri mxare Seecada
megruli enis popularizacias da galis raionSi rusul-afxazur-megrul
gazeTis gamoqveynebac ki scada.6 am moqmedebis naTeli mizani iyo galis
raionSi ramodenime darCenili qarTuli ojaxis darwmuneba imaSi, rom
sakuTari Tavi CaeTvalaT megrelebad da ara qarTvelebad. qarTulma mxarem
miiRo es faqti, rogorc mtrobis aqti.
5 broersi “vin arian megrelebi?” 6 iqve.
15
amitom, ar aris gasakviri, rom nebismieri saubari saqarTveloSi
megruli, svanuri an lazuri enebisTvis xelisSemwyobi meqanizmebis
Semotanaze qarTuli moxeleebis da inteligenciis mxirdan eWviT an sulac
mtrulad miiReba. magaliTad, lorens broers xazs usvams 1999 wels
Jurnal “literaturul saqarTveloSi” dabeWdili murman lebaniZis leqsis
nawyvetis Targmans:
`viT deda- mtkvarTan Woroxs da engurs,
rions da texurs, iors da aragvs,
agreTve- enas, qarTulTan megruls,
xma amoiRos ufleba ar aqvs” . 7
amitom ismis ZiriTadi sakiTxi - aris Tu ara saWiro megruli, svanuri
da lazuri enebis regionalur enebad CaTvla da amis Sedegad maTTvis
dacvis uzrunvelyofa regionaluri da enobrivi evropuli qarti-is
Tanaxmad. formalurad, “regionaluri ena” ar aris calke termini qartiis
farglebSi; ar SeiZleba misi gancalkeveba “regionaluri an umciresobaTa
enebis” erTgvari “ganuyofeli” terminisgan. kerZod, “regionaluri ena” ar
niSnavs “dialeqtur naxevrad-enas”. miuxedavad amisa, zogierTi saxelmwifo,
rogoricaa germania, niderlandebi da poloneTi (ix. qvemoT), mas zustad
amgvarad ganixilaven da miaCniaT, rom saWiroa im enebis dacva, romelTa
mflobelebi ar miakuTvneben sakuTar Tavs erovnul umciresobas.
problema isaa, rom Zalian xSirad sakiTxi, aris Tu ara konkretuli
ena damoukidebeli Tu dialeqti, aris politikuri. SesaZlebelia enebis
ganxilva, rogorc dialeqtebis, maTi oficialuri aRiarebis garkveuli
formiT, an – maqs vainraixis cnobili formulirebiT – “dialeqtebad
jaris TanxlebiT”. ra Tqma unda, arsebobs ramdenime obieqturi kriteriumi,
romlis mixedviTac ena ganirCeva dialeqtisagan, kerZod, esaa msgavsobis
7 iqve. aRsaniSnavia, rom mdinare mtkvari miedineba TbilisSi, sxvebi ki saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi.
16
done da is, Tu ramdenad “dialeqti” da is “mSobeli ena”, romlis nawilic
pirveli SeiZleba iyos, gasagebia erTmaneTisTvis. amis miuxedavad, arsebobs
bevri magaliTi, rodesac adgilobrivi ena ukve sakmaod daSorebulia
“mSobeli enisgan”, magram mainc iTvleba dialeqtad (aq SeiZleba gavixsenoT
italiuri “dialeqtebis” magaliTi, rogoricaa napolitano). amitom, xSirad
dialeqti iTvleba enad, Tu igi ibeWdeba da iTvleba ara ubralod
adgilobriv enad, aramed literaturul enad, an Tu ena ramdenadme mainc
sargeblobs prestiJiT.
regionaluri da umciresobaTa evropuli qartia, am mxriv sakmaod
bundovania, Tumca Seicavs regionaluri enis da dialeqtis erTmaneTisgan
garCevis ramodenime miTiTebas. Jan-mari vurlingis enobriv qartiaze
„kritikuli komentaris“ Tanaxmad:
dialeqtebi, rogorc mocemuli enis variantebi. aseTi variaciebi erTi enis
farglebSi SeiZleba iyos metad an naklebad aSkara, rac damokidebulia istoriul,
geografiul an socialur aspeqtze. erTi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani fatqori
aris konkretul enaze molaparake pirTa subieqturi darwmunebuloba, rom isini
laparakoben erTidaigive enaze, es dajerebuloba xSirad ganisazRvreba politikuri
konteqstiT.8
qveynebma, romlebic xeli moaweres regionaluri da umciresobaTa
evropuli qartia-s, gamoiyenes qartia im adgilobrivi enebis dasacavad,
romlebic arian regionaluri enis da dialeqtis sazRvarze. magaliTad,
niderlandebSi gadawyvites qartiis nawilis II gamoyeneba limburgis
regionaluri enis dasacavad (limburgiuli), romelic xSirad
ganisazRvreba, rogorc holandiuris dialeqti. amis msgavsad, germaniam
gamoiyena qartiis nawilebi II da III qveda germanulTan mimarTebaSi
(Niederdeutsch an Plattdeutsch), romelic agreTve xSirad ganisazRvreba, rogorc
adgilobrivi ena. amis miuxedavad, qartiis muxlis 15 Tanaxmad, evropis
sabWos generaluri mdivnisTvis wardgenil pirvelad periodul angariSSi
8 vurlingi, regionaluri da umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartia: kritikuli komentari, gv. 63
17
germaniis mTavrobam gamoiyena qveda germanulis 16-e saukunamde arsebuli
weriTi enis statusi, misi CarTvis gamarTlebisTvis.9 sxva germanuli
dialeqtebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, bavariuli, ar iyo CarTuli.
rac Seexeba megruls, svanursa da lazur enebs, mxolod obieqtur
kriteriumebze dayrdnobiTac Znelia imis damtkiceba, rom isini mxolod
qarTuli enis dialeqtebi arian, vinaidan isini ar arian gasagebi qarTuli
enis mcodneebisTvis. amis miuxedavad, is faqti, rom maT ar gaaCniaT
damwerloba da SedarebiT dabali prestiJi aqvT, amcirebs subieqtur da
politikuri aspeqtebs maTi regionalur enebad aRiarebis winaaRmdeg.
ZiriTadad, evropis sabWos evropaSi regionalur an umciresobebis enebis
eqspertTa komiteti, romelic axorcielebs qartiis Sesrulebis
monitorings, aZlevs saSualebas saxelmwifoebsa da maT mosaxleobas
dadginon gansxvaveba regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebsa da dialeqtebs
Soris. erT-erTi kriteriumi im faqtis gansazRvrisTvis, aris Tu ara
“dialeqti” regionaluri an umciresobaTa ena, aris am enaze molaparake
adamianebis misi aRqma calke enad (ix. vurlingis citata zemoT). meores
mxriv, dabali prestiJis problema ar unda gamoyenebul iqnas argumentad
imisaTvis, rom ar iqnas daculi regionaluri an umciresobaTa ena, vinaidan
regionaluri an umciresobaTa ena tradiciulad naklebi prestiJiT
sargeblobs, vidre standartizirebuli enebi evropis bevr nawilSi. am
moxsenebis mizani ar gaxlavT qarTuli mTavrobisTvis imis miTiTeba,
CaiTvalos Tu ara megruli, svanuri da lazuri ena regionalur enebad.
magram, mogvianebiT me SemogTavazebT ramodenime winadadebas, rogor
SeiZleba am enebis dacva, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mTavroba gadawyvets, aRiaros
isini.
9 evrosabWos generaluri mdivnisadmi gagzavnili perioduli angariSi qartiis me-15 punqtis
Sesabamisad: germania (Council of Europe, MIN-LANG/PR 2000 (1), Strasbourg 20 November 2000) www.coe.int
18
2. dacvis saWiroeba
CamoTvlili enebidan gansakuTrebul dacvas saWiroeben is enebi,
romlebic naklebad gamoiyeneba. saqarTveloSi mcire ricxovan enobriv
Temebs ar gaaCniaT seriozuli meqanizmebi sakuTari enis dacvis da
ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofisTvis. sabWoTa saganmanaTleblo sistema
aZlevda gansakuTrebul privilegiebs garkveul enebs, kerZod ki im enebs,
romlebzec saubrobda administratiul-teritoriuli erTeulis erovneba
(respublika, avtonomiuri respublika da avtonomiuri regioni), ufro
mcirericxovan enobriv Temebs ki mouwodebdnen esaubraT an rusulad, an im
respublikis titularuli erovnebis enaze, romelSic cxovrobdnen. ase
magaliTad, saqarTveloSi rusul, azerbaijanul, somxur, afxazur da osur
skolebSi mimdinareobda swavla Sesabamis enebze; iezidebi, berZnebi,
asirielebi da udinebi dadiodnen rusul an qarTul skolebSi da maT
mouwodebdnen elaparakaT ufro farTod gavrcelebul enebze. mas Semdeg,
rac saqarTvelom moipova damoukidebloba 1991 wels, is mcire saSualebebi,
romlebic arsebobda mcirericxovani umciresobebis enis da kulturis
dasacavad, amoiwura dafinansebis ararsebobis gamo. dRes afxazeTis da
samxreT oseTis teritoriebis gareT arsebobs mxolod rusuli,
azerbaijanuli da somxuri skolebi. sxva regionaluri da umciresobaTa
enebis SenarCunebasa da ganviTarebaze mimarTuli qmedebebi xorcieldeba
mxolod kerZo asociaciebis da fondebis mier (xSirad maT ar aqvT
sakmarisi dafinanseba).
dRes saqarTveloSi yvelaze didi riskis qveS arian is enebi, a)
romlebzec laparakobs mosaxleobis yvelaze mcire raodenoba; b) ar aqvT
saxelmwifo saqarTvelos farglebis gareT, sadac es ena aris oficialuri
saxelmwifo ena. albaT, yvelaze didi safrTxe emuqreba bacbur da udinur
enebs. bacbur enaze laparakoben wova-TuSebi axmetis raionis sofel zemo
alvanSi, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. es ena miekuTvneba kavkasiuri enebis
naxur jgufs, romelSic agreTve Sedis CeCnuri da inguSuri enebi (ix.
19
cxrili 1). im faqtTan dakavSirebiT, rom wova-TuSebis umetesoba Tavs
qarTvelebad Tvlis, TviT TemSic arsebobda winaaRmdegoba bacburi enis
dacvis mimarT, imis SiSiT, rom jgufs CaTvlian araqarTvelebad. mSoblebs
ar surdad bavSvebisTvis eswavlebinad bacburi ena, da dRes mxolod
ufrosi Taoba iyenebs am enas erTmaneTTan saubrisas.10 arsebobs
mniSvnelovani safrTxe, rom Semdegi Taoba aRar ilaparakebs am enaze.
agreTve gaqroba emuqreba udinur enas, romelic aris kavkasiuri
albanuris Tanamedrove STamomavali – enis, romelsac sakuTari
damwerloba hqonda. saqarTveloSi erTaderTi sofeli, sadac cxovroben
udinebi – sofeli oqtomberi yvarlis raionSi aris erT-erTi, msoflioSi
arsebuli sami soflidan, sadac laparakoben udinur enaze (danarCeni ori
aris soflebi nij da oRuz azerbaijanSi). udinur enaze molaparake
mosaxleobas aseve emuqreba qarTulenovan mosaxleobasTan asimilacia, rac
sakuTari enis daviwyebas niSnavs.
miuxedavad imisa, rom uSualod ar emuqrebaT ganadgurebis safrTxe,
arsebobs sxva mcirericxovani lingvisturi jgufebic, romlebic aseve
SeiZleba asimilirdnen an am enebze molaparake pirTa ricxvma Seuqcevadad
Semcirdes droTa ganmavlobaSi. magaliTisTvis asiriuli Temi gamodgeba.
misi daaxloebiT meoTxedi koncentrirebulia mcxeTa-mTianeTis patara
sofel qandaSi.; magram, miuxedavad amisa, vinaidan ar arsebobs asiriul
enaze saswavlo dawesebuleba, bavSvebi dadian qarTul skolaSi, mezobel
qarTvelebTan erTad. Sedegad axalgazrdebi iviwyeben asiriuli enas. maSin,
roca ufro did TemSi arsebuli asirielebis umravlesoba laparakobs
mSobliur enaze, mxolod umciresobas SeuZlia wera sakuTari anbaniT.
asiriuli ena da damwerloba ar iswavleba skolebSi, igi mxolod Taobidan
Taobaze zepirad gadadis; da rasakvirvelia, garantia imisa, rom ena am
gziT SenarCundeba, ar arsebobs.
10 wyaro: tom trieris mier Catarebuli savele samuSaoebi, 2006 wlis ivlisi.
20
erTi SexedviT, megruls da svanurs ar emuqreba daviwyebis safrTxe,
vinaidan sakmao raodenobis adamianebi iyeneben maT. magram lazurad
molaparake Temi saqarTveloSi Zalin mcirericxovania da saWiroebs dacvas.
megruli da svanuris mcodne da maTze molaparake adamianebis ricxvmac
SeiZleba drTa ganmavlobaSi swrafad daiklos, Tu magaliTad, im
regionebs, sadac am enebze dRes aqtiurad laparakoben, globaluri
cvlilebebi Seexo. amdenad, riski arsebobs, vinaidan es enebi ar
warmoadgenen instituciuri dacvis sagans da meorec, imitom, rom
adgilobrivi mosaxleoba maT ganixilavs, rogorc “meorexarisxovan”,
“soflur” enebs, romelTa mimarT pativiscema naklebia. vinaidan mosaxleoba
tovebs svaneTis da samegrelos soflebs samuSaos Zebnis mizniT, mSoblebma
SeiZleba momavalSi aRar gaamaxvilon yuradReba maTi Svilebis mier
mSobliuri enis codnaze, CaTvlian ra mas dabrkolebadac ki
ganviTarebisTvis. qveomoT aRwerilia amgvari enebis dacvis da maTTdami
prestiJis asamaRleblad SemuSavebuli meqanizmebi.
3. dacva regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartiis II
nawilis Sesabamisad
regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartiis II nawili
warmoadgens dacvis meqanizms enebisa, romlebic gaqrobis safrTxis winaSe
dganan. am nawilSi mocemulia zogadi amocanebi da principebi, romlebic
qartiis wevrma saxelmwifoebma unda gaiTvaliswinon aRniSnuli enebis
dacvis mizniT. nawili II-Si mocemuli zogadi principi emyareba im Teziss,
rom regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi warmoadgens kulturuli
simdidris gamoxatulebas (muxli 7.1a, ix. zemoT) da am faqtis
gaTvaliswinebiT, gulisxmobs mtkice zomebis gatarebas maTi dacvis da
ganviTarebis mizniT (muxli 7.1g). amdenad, nawili II gulisxmobs ara
mxolod regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis mimarT tolerantul
damokidebulebas (muxli 7.3), aramed sazogadoebriv da pirad cxovrebaSi
maT aqtiur waxalisebas (muxli 7.1 d).
21
am principebze dayrdnobiT nawilSi II (muxli 7) mocemulia am
mimarTulebiT gasatarebeli konkretuli nabijebi: 1) uzrunvelyofa imisa,
rom qveynis teritoriul-administraciuli dayofa ar abrkolebs
regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis xelSewyobas (muxli 7.1b); 2) qveynis
sxvadasxva nawilSi mcxovreb erTidaimave lingvisturi jgufebis
warmomadgenelTa da aseve, sxvadasxva lingvisturi jgufebis
warmomadgenelTa Soris kavSirebis SenarCunebis da ganviTarebis
xelSewyoba (muxli 7.1e); 3) regionaluri da umciresobaTa enebis swavlebis
da Seswavlis xelSewyoba (muxli 7.1v) da am SesaZleblobis micema im
moqalaqeTaTvis, visTvisac regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi ar
warmoadgens mSobliurs, magram aqvT survili am enebis Seswavlisa (muxli
7.1g); 4) universitetebsa da sxva samecniero dawesebulebebSi regionalur an
umciresobaTa enebze swavlis da samecniero kvlevebis warmoebis
xelSewyoba (muxli 7.1T); 5) transnacionaluri gacvliTi programebis
ganxorcieleba im qveynebTan, romlebSic laparakoben imave regionalur an
umciresobaTa enebze (muxli 7.1i); 6) regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze
saubris SezRudvebis faqtebis aRmofxvra (muxli 7.2); da 7) uzrunvelyofa
imisa, rom regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze mosaubre jgufis
saWiroebebs da survilebs jerovani yuradReba eqceva, saukeTeso
SemTxvevaSi ki, arsebobs am jgufebis interesTa damcveli Sesabamisi
struqturebi.
saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi mniSvnelovania im rolis fsiqoligiuri
konceptualizacia, romelsac regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi
asruleben sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. mixeil saakaSvilis TaosnobiT
qveynis saTaveSi mosul axal xelisuflebas gauZnelda “samoqalaqo
integraciad” wodebuli saWiroebis gamokveTa. miuxedavad imisa, rom jer
kidev bolomde naTlad ar aris gamokveTili, Tu ras gulisxmobs liderTa
axali Taoba am terminSi, saxezea ori ZiriTadi tendencia. pirveli
gulisxmobs “demosis” konsolidacias, romelic efuZneba saerTo
Rirebulebebs da qarTuli enis saerTo codnas; meore ki mdgomareobs
22
qarTvelis, rogorc eTnikurad eqskluziuri cnebis SecvlaSi axali
yovlismomcveli koncefciiT, rac Tavis TavSi yvela erovnebis moqalaqes
aerTianebs.
regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartiis muxli 7,
romelic regionalur an umciresobaTa enebs kulturuli simdidris
gamoxatulebad aRiarebs (muxli 7.1a), xels uwyobs “kulturuli kavSirebis
ganviTarebas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparake da
saxelmwifoSi mcxovreb sxvadasxva enaze molaparake jgufebs Soris” (7.1e),
SesaZleblobas uqmnis moqalaqeebs, romelTaTvisac regionaluri an
umciresobaTa enebi ar warmoadgens mSobliurs, magram survili aqvT am
enebis swavlisa, Seiswavlon isini (7.1g) da xels uwyobs universitetebsa
da sxva samecniero dawesebulebebSi regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze
swavlas da samecniero kvlevebis warmoebas – yovelive es warmoadgens
samoqalaqo integraciis Semadgenel komponentebs. muxli 7-is
ganxorcieleba saSualebas miscems yvela moqalaqes, Camoyalibdnen
mravalenovan sazogadoebad, romlis wevroba ganisazRvreba samoqalaqo da
ara eTnikuri kriteriumiT.
muxli 7-Si mocemuli ufro konkretuli nabijebi, romelic
gulisxmobs regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis aqtiuri gamoyenebis
xelSewyobas, warmoadgens sasargeblo meqanizms gaqrobis safrTxis qveS
myofi enebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT. sakiTxis dayeneba imgvarad, rom
araqarTuli enebi skolebsa da universitetebSi ara mxolod erovnul
umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebis mier iswavlebodes (ix. muxli 7.1g)
moemsaxureba ormag mizans. pirveli: daicavda SedarebiT mcirericxovani
lingvisturi jgufebis enebs, imis uzrunvelyofiT, rom aRniSnul enebze
molaparake moqalaqeTa Svilebi ganaTlebas mSobliur enaze miiReben. meore
mxriv, da rac aseve mniSvnelovania, qarTvelebisTvis araqarTuli enebis
Seswavlis ideis propagandis gziT amaRldeba sazogadoebrvi cnobiereba im
sakiTxSi, rom es enebi ara gareSe da ucxoa, aramed garkveulwilad
23
saqarTvelos ekuTvnis da amdenad, misi memkvidreobis nawilia. am
mosazrebis ganmtkicebis erT-erTi gza iqneboda saskolo programaSi sagnis
- “saqarTvelos enebis Seswavla” Setana, rac saSualebas miscemda qarTuli
skolis yvela moswavles, Seeswavla sul mcire erTi regionaluri an
umciresobaTa ena (cxrilSi 1 CamoTvlilTagan). es midgoma gamodgeboda
agreTve dacvis meqanizmad SedarebiT mcirericxovani lingvisturi
jgufebis enebisa; msgavsi midgoma SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas
universitetebSic.
es midgoma SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas megrul, svanur da lazur
enebTan mimarTebaSi. qarTuli enis swavlebis modulSi SeiZleba Setanil
iqnas qarTuli (saqarTvelos) enebis swavleba (saqarTveloSi arsebuli
enebis nacvlad, ix. zemoT); adgilobrivi regionaluri enebis Setana
qarTul lingvistikaSi gaaRrmavebda zogadad “qarTulis” koncefts misi
mravalmxrivi arsiT da gaaneitralebda arsebul SiSs imasTan
dakavSirebiT, rom mag. megrulis an sxva adgilobrivi enebis Seswavla
safrTxes Seuqmnis qarTulenovani sazogadoebis erTianobas. amgvari
iniciativa Seesabameba qartiis preambulaSi mocemul or ZiriTad princips:
regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis dacvam da waxalisebam ziani ar unda
miayenos oficialur enebsa da maTi Seswavlis aucileblobas; da
aRniSnuli enebis dacva mniSvnelovani Senatania arsebuli
mravalferovnebis gansamtkiceblad erovnuli damoukideblobis da
teritoriuli mTlianobis farglebSi.
muxli 7 Seicavs agreTve garkveul nabijebs, romelTa ganxorcieleba
SeiZleba rTuli aRmoCndes saqarTvelos xelisuflebisTvis. upirveles
yovlisa, muxli 7.1i transnacionaluri TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb
winaaRmdegobriv xasiaTs atarebs, vinaidan SeiZleba interpretirebul iqnas,
rogorc separatizmis safrTxis Semcveli mimarTuleba. kerZod, es SiSi
ukavSirdeba samcxe-javaxeTis somxur da qvemo qarTlis azerbaijanul
mosaxleobas. samoqalaqo integraciis mimarTulebiT realuri progresis
24
ararsebobis gamo es Temebi TavianTi kulturuli kavSirebiT ufro metad
integrirebulni arian monaTesave qveynebis mosaxleobasTan da SiSi
efuZneba im mosazrebas, rom am monaTesave jgufebis sazRvrebsSorisi
TanamSromlobis kidev ufro meti xelSewyobiT qveynis SigniT integracias
SeiZleba safrTxe daemuqros. miuxedavad amisa, muxlSi 7.1 mocemuli
mosazrebis formulirebam, romelic mouwodebs “Sesabamisi
transnacionaluri gacvlebis xelSewyobisken” (xazgasma Cemia), SeiZleba
garkveuli berketi misces qartiis monawile qveyanas sakuTar qmedebebSi am
sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi. da bolos, Tu gavaanalizebT somexi da
azerbaijaneli mosaxleobis sazRvarTaSoris gacvlebTan dakavSirebul
potenciur riskebs, SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom magaliTad, SedarebiT
mcirericxovani lingvisturi jgufebis warmomadgenelTa kontaqtebi
monaTesave farTo diasporebTan Zalze sasargebloa, radgan saSualebas
iZleva ukeT iqnas Seswavlili umciresobaTa enebi da damwerlobebi da
gaRrmavdes maTi kvleva.
III. enobrivi uflebebi da samoqalaqo integracia
ganvixiloT meore ZiriTadi gamowveva, romelic saqarTvelom unda
gadaWras qartiis danergvis gzaze: rogor moxdes regionaluri an
umciresobaTa enebis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba imgvarad, rom safrTxe ar
Seeqmnas qarTuls, rogorc saxelmwifo enas an erovnul umciresobaTa
qarTul sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi integracias qarTuli enis (sxva enebis
xarjze) swavlebis aucileblobis TiTqosda erTgvari Serbilebis gamo.Aaq
igulisxmeba kompaqturad dasaxlebuli umciresobebi, romlebmac ZiriTadad
ar ician qarTuli – rogoricaa axalqalaqisa da ninowmindis somxuri
mosaxleoba (javaxeTi), qvemo qarTlis azerbaijanuli mosaxleoba da
yofili samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri respublikis osuri mosaxleoba.
winamdebare naSromSi me ar ganvixilav samxreT oseTSi qartiis SesaZlo
ganxorcielebis perspeqtivas an osuri enis dacvasTan dakavSirebul
konkretul nabijebs. ganxorcieldeba Tu ara saerTod es qartia samxreT
25
oseTSi da konkretulad rogor ganxorcieldeba igi – es mTlianad
damokidebulia arsebuli grZelvadiani konfliqtis saboloo mogvarebaze.
wina nawilSi aRwerili qartiis II nawilis miReba garkveulwilad
TavisTavad gadaWrida qarTul sazogadoebaSi erovnuli umciresobebis
integrirebis urTierTsawinaaRmdego amocanebs, daicavda da ganaviTarebda
ra amavdroulad umciresobaTa enebs. magaliTad, muxlSi 7.1.e mocemuli
mowodebis “kulturuli kavSirebis damyareba qveyanaSi mcxovreb, sxva
enebze mosaubre jgufebTan” xelSewyobisken mimarTuli nabijebi ufro
metad moaaxlovebda, da ara daabrkolebda erovnul integracias. aseve,
azerbaijanuli da somxuri enebis swavlebis ideis propaganda ara marto
umciresobaTa Soris, aramed eTnikur qarTvelebSi efuZneba im princips,
rom es enebi saqarTvelos lingvisturi memkvidreobis Semadgeneli nawilia.
amgvari midgoma xels Seuwyobda saqarTveloSi mcxovreb araTanabar
pirobebSi myofi Temebis ufro metad gaerTianebas, vidre daSorebas.
miuxedavad imisa, rom muxliT 7.1v gansazRvruli moTxovna “regionaluri an
umciresobaTa enebis Sesabamis etapebze Seswavlis da swavlebis saTanado
formebis da saSualebebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb” SesaZloa sagangaSo
signalad aJRerdes imaTTvis, vinc erTaderT prioritetad qarTuli enis
ganviTareba-danergvis xelSewyobas miiCnevs, - is faqti, rom
pasuxismgeblobas regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis swavlebis
xelSewyobaze ara mezobeli saxelmwifoebi, aramed swored qarTuli
saxelmwifo iRebs sakuTar Tavze, - arsebuli status qvos garRvevas
aRniSnavs. sadReisod saswavlo masalebi somxur da azerbaijanul enebze
somxuri da azerbaijanuli skolebis umravlesobas baqodan da erevnidan,
da ara Tbilisidan moewodebaT. muxlis 7.1 saTanado amoqmedebis
SemTxvevaSi umciresobaTa enebis swavlebaze kontrols saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo aiRebs.
qartiis sakvanZo nawili, romelic Seexeba somxuri da azerbaijanuli
enebis xelSewyobas, esaa nawili III (muxlebi 8-14). qartiis muxlis 3.1
mixedviT, qartiis monawile TiToeulma saxelmwifom ratifikaciis
26
sakuTari instrumentis Sesabamisad, unda gansazRvros romel regionalur
da umciresobis enebs Seexeba nawili III. muxlis 3.1 mixedviT gansazRvruli
TiToeuli regionaluri an umciresobaTa enisTvis muxli 2.2 moiTxovs
minimum 35 punqts an qvepunqts muxlebidan 8-14, maT Soris, minimum 3 punqti
unda iqnas aRebuli muxlebidan 8 da 12; da minimum 1 punqti muxlebidan 9,
10, 11 da 13. miuxedavad imisa, rom Teoriulad SesaZlebelia arc erTi
regionaluri an umciresobaTa ena ar iqnas arCeuli nawili III_dan da
moxdes mxolod nawili II-is ratificireba (rogorc es moxda kviprosis
magaliTze), naklebad savaraudoa, rom eqspertTa komiteti axsnis amgvar
nabijs, rogorc Sesabamiss qartiis suliskveTebasTan, miznebTan da
principebTan; miT umetes, rom saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi aSkarad arsebobs
ramodenime ena, romelic nawili III-Si gansazRvrul dacvis sferos
ganekuTvneba. rogorc vurlingi aRniSnavs, “vinaidan qartia mouwodebs wevr
qveynebs nawili III-is aucilebeli minimumis Sesrulebas TiToeul enasTan
mimarTebaSi, uaris gancxadeba nawili III-is Sesrulebaze Zalian waagavs
SemovliTi gzis Ziebas pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan asacileblad, da amdenad
kanonis darRvevis mcdelobad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.”11
amdenad, saxelmwifom unda gadawyvitos, romel enebs irCevs nawili
III-Tan SesabamisobaSi. vurlingma gansazRvra sami ZiriTadi kriteriumi,
romlis mixedviTac unda SeirCes regionaluri an umciresobaTa ena nawil
III-Tan mimarTebaSi: 1) aRniSnul enaze unda laparakobdes adamianebis sakmao
raodenoba, 2) unda arsebobdes sul mcire erTi teritoria mainc, sadac am
enaze molaparake adamianebi kompaqturad saxloben, 3) am enaze molaparake
adamianebi aqtiurad unda iyvnen mowadinebuli, daicvan da ganaviTaron
sakuTari ena.12 am kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT naTelia, rom
saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, azerbaijanuli da somxuri enebi yvelaze metad
miesadageba nawil III-s. am or enaze sakmao raodenobis adamianebi
11 vurlingi, regionaluri da evropuli enebis evropuli qartia, kritikuli komentari, gv. 81 (Woehrling, The European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages: Critical Commentary, 81) 12 iqve, gv. 140.
27
laparakoben, da mxolod am or enaze molaparake adamianebi cxovroben
kompaqturad qveynis konkretul regionebSi.
rusuli ena aseve mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs saqarTvelos
socialur da politikur cxovrebaSi, rogorc uwin sabWoTa kavSiris
sivrceSi moqmedi ZiriTadi ena da erovnebaTSorisi komunikaciis ena
saqarTveloSi. saqarTveloSi cxovrobs daaxloebiT 83,000 adamiani,
romelTaTvisac rusuli ena mSobliuria (ix. cxr. 1) da saqarTvelos
mosaxleobis daaxloebiT naxevari kargad saubrobs rusulad, vinaidan
maTTvis rusuli meore enas warmoadgens. miuxedavad amisa, saqarTveloSi
ar arsebobs regioni, sadac rusulenovani mosaxleobis geografiuli
koncentracia iqneboda, amdenad, Znelia rusul enas mivusadagoT nawili III,
vinaidan mis garkveul punqtebSi nagulisxmevia specifiurad konkretul
teritoriebze mosaxle adamianTa jgufebi (ix. qvemoT). amasTan, rusuli
enisTvis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis miqcevam SeiZleba daakninos
azerbaijanuli da somxuri enebis dacvisken mimarTuli Zalisxmeva. amis
mizezia is, rom rusuli ena isedac araformalurad gamoiyeneba am
regionebis (qvemo qarTli da javaxeTi) adgilobriv administraciul
organoebSi, sadac zemoTaRniSnuli enebi warmoadgens mSobliurs; da
amdenad, rusuli enis ganviTarebis xelSewyobam SeiZleba daTrgunos
azerbaijanuli da somxuri enebis gamoyenebisken mimarTuli mcdelobebi.
dabolos, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis Zalisxmeva mimarTulia iqiTken, rom
qarTuli, da ara rusuli ena, gaxdes erovnebaTaSorisi komunikaciis ena; da
am WrilSi rusuli enis danergvis xelSewyobam – enisa, romelic isedac
farTod gamoyeneba erovnuli umciresobebis mier – SeiZleba im principis
sawinaaRmdegod imuSaos, romlis mixedviTac regionaluri an umciresobaTa
enebis dacva ar unda mimdinareobdes oficialuri enis (enebis) sazianod.
nawili III-s amocana mdgomareobs qartiis wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis
“saxelmZRvanelos” SeqmnaSi, romelSic mocemuli iqneba konkretuli
nabijebi, mimarTuli regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis sazogadoebriv
28
cxovrebaSi danergvis uzrunvelyofisken. muxlSi 8 mocemulia regionalur
da umciresobaTa enebze swavlis xelSewyoba “saxelmwifo enisTvis
(enebisTvis) zianis miyenebis gareSe”. muxlebi 9, 10 da 11 gulisxmobs
regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebas sasamarTlo sistemaSi,
saxelisuflo-administraciul organoebsa da masmediaSi. muxlSi 12
mocemulia zomebis nusxa, romlebic unda gatardes kulturul
saqmianobaTa sferoSi regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis
wasaxaliseblad. muxli 13 exeba ekonomikur da socialur sferoebs da
iTvaliswinebs lingvistur safuZvelze arsebuli SezRudvebis aRmofxvras
da regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis waxalisebas finansebis, biznesisa
da socialuri dacvis sferoSi. bolos, muxli 14 exeba sazRvarTaSoris
gacvlebs da moicavs ormxriv da mravalmxriv SeTanxmebaTa Sesrulebis da
sazRvarTSorisi TanamSromlobis waxalisebisken mimarTul zomebs msgavsi
lingvisturi Temebis dasaaxloeblad sazRvrebs orive mxares.
nawili III-is muxlebis umetesoba moiazrebs qveynis mTel teritorias.
amdenad, muxlis 8.1 cxrave qvepunqti, e.i. muxlis 8 aTi punqtidan cxra
gulisxmobs “teritorias, sadac gamoiyeneba aRniSnuli enebi”. aseve, muxlis
9.1 oTxive qvepunqti (muxlis 9 eqvsi punqtidan an qvepunqtidan oTxi) exeba
mxolod “im sasamarTlo olqebs, sadac mcxovrebTa raodenoba, romlebic
iyeneben regionalur an umciresobaTa enebs, amarTlebs qvemoT
gansazRvruli zomebis miRebas”. muxli 10 kidev ufro metad
dakonkretebulia, ToTxmeti punqti Tu qvepunqti mocemuli TxuTmetidan
exeba administraciul raionebs, sadac cxovrobs regionaluri an
umciresobebis enebze molaparake mosaxleobis iseTi sakmarisi raodenoba,
romelic amarTlebs qvemoT gansazRvruli zomebis miRebas” (muxlebi 10.1 da
10.2) an im teritoriis farglebSi, sadac gamoiyeneba regionaluri an
umciresobaTa enebi”. (muxli 10.3). analogiurad, muxli 11-is didi nawili
(cxra punqtidan Tu qvepunqtidan Svidi), muxli 12 (aTi punqtidan Tu
qvepunqtidan rva) da muxli 13 (cxra punqtidan Tu qvepunqtidan xuTi) exeba
“teritoriebs, sadac gamoiyeneba (Sesabamisi regionaluri an umciresobaTa)
29
enebi”. mxolod muxli 14 (ori qvepunqti) ar Seicavs punqts (qvepunqts),
romelic muxlSi gaTvaliswinebul saqmianobebs zRudavs konkretuli
teritoriis farglebSi.
zogma wevrma saxelmwifom airCia nawili III miesadagebina mxolod
mocemul regionalur an umciresobaTa enaze molaparake im jgufisTvis,
romelic saxlobs qveynis konkretul teritoriaze. ase magaliTad,
germaniam qartiis ratifikaciis instrumentSi gansazRvra, rom nawili III
gamoyenebul iqneba konkretul regionalur an umciresobaTa enebTan
mimarTebaSi, konkretul teritoriaze - länder.13 miuxedavad amisa, am midgomis
gamoyeneba marTebulia mxolod maSin, rodesac saxelmwifo asrulebs
sakuTar qvotas, Sedgenils ocdaTxumeti punqtidan an qvepunqtidan,
romlebic vrceldeba qveynis mTel teritoriaze. saqarTvelos
xelisuflebam unda gaacnobieros es piroba, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gadawyvets
miusadagos nawili III azerbaijanul da somxur enebs qveynis mTel
teritoriaze an mxolod im administraciul raionebSi, sadac mosaxleoba
aqtiurad laparakobs am enebze.
msgavsad nawili II-sa, qartiis nawili III-is gamoyenebam ar unda
SezRudos erovnul umciresobaTa qveynis socialur, ekonomikur da
politikur cxovrebaSi integrirebis procesi. piriqiT, rogorc naCvenebi
iqneba qvemoT, nawili III-is bevri muxli, faqtobrivad, xels uwyobs
integracias. imisTvis, rom TvalnaTliv davrwundeT rogor, saWiroa
gavaanalizoT TiToeuli muxli da saTiTaod ganvixiloT iseTi sferoebi,
rogoricaa ganaTleba, sasamarTlo, administraciuli organoebi, media,
kultura da sazRvarTSorisi TanamSromloba. qvemoT moyvanili analizi
cxadyofs, rom es muxlebi SeiZleba misadagebul iqnas a) martivad; b)
qarTulis, rogorc saxelmwifo enis integratiuli rolisadmi zianis
miyenebis gareSe.
13 evrosabWos generaluri mdivnisadmi gagzavnili perioduli angariSi qartiis me-15 punqtis Sesabamisad: germania
30
1. ganaTleba
qartiis muxlSi 8.1, kerZod, punqtebSi a-v, mocemulia sami ZiriTadi gza
ganaTlebis sistemaSi regionaluri da umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebis
TvalsazrisiT: pirveli gza (i) gulisxmobs monolingvistur ganaTlebas, e.i.
ganaTlebis sistemas, romelic mTlianad agebulia regionalur an
umciresobaTa enaze, meore gza (ii) gulisxmobs orenovan (bilingvistur)
ganaTlebas; xolo mesame gza (iii) gulisxmobs regionalur an umciresobaTa
enis swavlebis Setanas saswavlo programaSi. saqarTvelos SeTxvevaSi (i) da
(iii) gzebi ar gamodgeba. pirveli imitom, rom im regionebSi, sadac erovnuli
umciresobebi arian geografiulad koncentrirebuli, umciresobaTa enaze
laparakoben Sin da amdenad, (i) gza niSnavs imas, rom bavSvebs praqtikulad
aRar eqnebaT an Zalze mcired eqnebaT Sexeba oficialur enasTan.
analogiurad, (iii) gza ar aris gamosadegi, vinaidan misi gamoyeneba
nagulisxmevia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac regionaluri an umciresobaTa ena
imdenad sustad aris ganviTarebuli, rom am enaze saganmanaTleblo
sagnebis mniSvnlovani nawilis warmodgena praqtikulad SeuZlebelia.14 im
TemebisTvis, romlebisTvisac regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi
mSobliuria, (iii) gza gamousadegaria.
orenovani ganaTleba (ii gza) sinamdvileSi yvelaze metad miesadageba
saqarTvelos regionebs, rogorcaa samcxe-javaxeTi da qvemo qarTli, sadac
erovnul umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebi kompaqturad arian gansaxlebuli.
es faqti adasturebs integraciis saWiroebas saxelmwifo enis sruli
kompetenciis safuZvelze. muxlSi 8 a-d moyvanilia orenovani ganaTlebis
sistema, sadac Sesabamisi axsna-ganmartebebi oficialur enaze
paralelurad Tan gasdevs regionalur an umciresobaTa enaze swavlebas
skolamdeli asakidan. es mimarTuleba warmoadgens garRvevas dRvandeli
situaciidan, rodesac araqarTuli skolebis moswavleebi (mag., rusuli,
14vurlingi, regionaluri da evropuli enebis evropuli qartia, kritikuli komentari, gv. 148, 151 (Woehrling, The European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages: Critical Commentary, 148, 151)
31
somxuri da azerbaijanuli skolebis moswavleebi) iReben Zalze mcire
odenobiT (an Zalze cudi xarisxiT) ganaTlebas oficialur enaze, miT
umetes, dabal klasebSi. saTanado ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, amdenad,
muxlis 8.1 mixedviT swavleba oficialur enaze gaumjobesdeba imis
uzrunvelyofis xarjze, rom oficialuri ena intensiurad Seiswavleba
sabavSvo baRSi Tu skolaSi swavlebis dawyebis pirveli dReebidanve. aman
xeli unda Seuwyos orenovnebas da integraciis process.
analogiurad, sauniversiteto ganaTlebis sistemaSi, muxlis 8.1e(ii)
saTanado misadagebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba Seiqmnas pozitiuri stimuli
integraciis mimarTulebiT. universitetebi, gansxvavebuli eTnikuri da
lingvisturi bazisis studentebis Tavmoyris Sedegad SeiZleba gaxdes
idealuri garemo imaTTvis, vinc sustad laparakobs saxelmwifo enaze –
qarTulenovan studentebTan urTierTobis Sedegad isini advilad
aimaRleben saxelmwifo enis codnis dones. gavimeorebT, rom gza muxli
8.1(i) unda gamoiricxos, vinaidan sauniversiteto ganaTlebis mxolod
eqskluziurad regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze miwodebam SeiZleba
daabrkolos samoqalaqo integeraciis procesi. miuxedavad amisa, saswavlo
modulis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze miwodeba (Cvens SemTxvevaSi,
azerbaijanul da somxur enebze) studentTa orive jgufisTvis – maTTvis,
visTvisac es enebi mSobliuria da qarTulenovani studentebisTvis (myxli
8.1.eii-sTan SesabamisobaSi) aragzis r ewinaaRmdegeba integraciis amocanas;
amasTan igi aRvivebs tolerantulobas da pativiscemas sxva enebis mimarT.
azerbaijanuli da somxuri enebis saswavlo kursebi am SemTxvevaSi unda
moewyos odnav saxecvlilad imaTTvis, vinc swavlobs am enebs, rogorc
meore mSobliurs – anu, Tu imaTTvis, visTvisac es enebi mSobliur enebs
warmoadgens, aqcenti unda gakeTdes filologiisa da literaturis
gaRrmavebul swavlebaze, zemoTaRniSnul SemTxvevaSi ki ZiriTadi fokusi
zogad leqsikasa da gramatikaze gakeTdeba. Tumca, erToblivi leqcia-
seminarebis ricxvi orive jgufis monawileobiT gaizrdeba universitetis
zrda-gafarToebasTan erTad.
32
rac Seexeba muxlis 8 sxva punqtebs, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
saqarTvelos xelisuflebas ar gaaCnia didi kompetencia mozrdilTa
(arasauniversiteto) ganaTlebis sistemaSi, SesaZlebelia muxli 8.1v (iii)
gzis gamoyeneba, (e.i. regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis, rogorc
mozrdilTa da gangrZobiTi swavlebis sagnad SeTavazeba). muxlebis 8.1a da
8.1v danergvis saWiroebis gaTvaliswinebiT, muxli 8.1T aseve aucilebelia,
vinaidan uzrunvelyofs qartiis nawili III-iT gansazRvruli enebis efeqtur
swavlebas.
unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTveloSi garkveuli Zalisxmeva iqna
mimarTuli umciresobaTa enebze swavlebis xelSesawyobad; ilia WavWavaZis
ucxo enaTa fakultetze funqcionirebs somxuri, azerbaijanuli da
rusuli enebis seqtorebi, ZiriTadad imaTTvis, vinc araqarTul skolebSi
maswavleblad apirebs muSaobas.15 analogiurad, muxli 8.1i, romelic
mouwodebs Seiqmnas “sazedamxedvelo organo an organoebi, romlebic
pasuxismgebelni iqnebian regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis swavlebis
SemoRebisa da ganviTarebis sferoSi moRweuli progresis monitoringze da
maT mier mokvleuli Sedegebis Sesaxeb peroduli moxsenebebis Sedgenaze,
romlebic SemdgomSi sajarod gamoqveyndeba” ar Seicavs araviTar
winaaRmdegobebs da misi ganxorcieleba mxolod gazrdis gatarebuli
zomebis efeqturobas. da bolos, muxli 8..2, romelic iTvaliswinebs nawili
III-iT gansazRvruli regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis xelSewyobas
teritoriebze, sadac es enebi tradiciulad ar gamoiyeneba, SeiZleba
gamoyenebul iqnas im SeTxvevaSi, Tu “regionalur an umciresobaTa enaze
molaparake pirTa raodenoba amas amarTlebs”. iseve, rogorc zemoT, es ar
unda warmoadgendes problemas qarTuli samTavrobo struqturebisTvis.
15 sadReisod azerbaijanul seqtorze swavlobs 17 studenti; 19 eTnikuri somexi da 53 sxvadasxva erovnebis studenti swavlobs somxur da rusul seqtorebze. sul ramdenime wlis winaT umaRlesi ganaTlebis TiTqmis yvela dawesebulebaSi funqcionirebda rusuli fakultetebi, 2005 wels es fakultetebi daixura, oficialuri mizeziT, moTxovnis ararsebobis gamo.
33
amdenad, muxli 8-is 10 punqtidan SesaZlebelia saqarTvelom
daamtkicos rva an cxra punqti (Tu CavTvliT muxls 8.1v iii.), qvemo qarTlsa
da javaxeTSi mcxovrebi azerbaijanuli da somxuri Temebis
warmomadgenelTa integraciis daubkroleblad. muxli 8, saTanado
amoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi (e.i. gzebis ii SerCevisas) xels Seuwyobs orenovnebis
ganviTarebas da oficialuri enis ara dabrkolebas, aramed swavlebas
araqarTvelebisTvis adreuli asakidan. muxlSi 8 arsebobs erTaderTi
punqti, romlis amoqmedeba jerjerobiT mizanSewonilia gadaidos (muxli
8.1z) da igi exeba istoriis da kulturis swavlebas imgvarad, rogorc es
aisaxa regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze. istoriis swavleba samxreT
kavkasiaSi Zalze sakamaTo sakiTxia da xSirad gamoiyeneboda ama Tu im
erovnuli jgufis eTno-nacionalisturi miswrafebebis gasamarTleblad.
amdenad, istorikosTa Soris zogadi konsensusis miRwevamde albaT upriani
iqneba gadaidos am muxlis ratificireba, raTa ar gaRvivdes xangrZlivi
istoriuli SeuTanxmeblobebi sxvadasxva konkretul sakiTxebTan
mimarTebaSi.
2. marTlmsajulebis sistema
qartiis muxlSi 9 mocemulia RonisZiebaTa CamonaTvali (romelTagan zogi
SedarebiT mokrZalebulia), romlebic exeba regionaluri an umciresobaTa
enebis gamoyenebas sisxlis samarTlis, samoqalaqo da adminsitraciuli
samarTlis warmoebaSi. rogorc aucilebel minimums, muxli moiTxovs, rom
sasamarTlo warmoebSi monawile mxareebs im teritoriebze, sadac
gamoiyeneba regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi, mieceT TviTgamoxatulebis
saSualeba mSobliur enebze da am uflebis mosapoveblad ar dasWirdeT
damatebiTi xarjebis gaReba. es, rasakvirvelia, ar niSnavs imas, rom
oficialuri ena kargavs sasamarTlo sistemaSi gamoyenebul oficialuri
enis statuss.
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saqarTvelos SemTxevaSi muxlSi 9 mocemuli eqvsi punqtidan xuTis –
muxli9.1a(ii), muxli9.1b(ii), muxli9.1g(ii), muxli9.1d(ii) da muxli9.3 amoqmedeba
dakaSirebulia ramodenime teqnikur problemasTan. muxlebSi 9.1a(ii),
muxli9.1b(ii), muxli9.1g(ii)) da muxli9.1d(ii) mocemuli moTxovnebi
gaTvaliswinebulia arsebuli kanonmdeblobiT. saqarTvelos konstituciis
Tanaxmad (muxli 85.2), samarTalwarmoebisas “piri, romelmac ar icis
saxelmwifo ena, uzrunvelyofili unda iyos Tarjimnis momsaxurebiT” da
konstituciiT dadgenili es punqti aseve ganmtkicebulia 1997 wlis kanoniT
“zogadi sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb” (muxli 10), romelic aseve azustebs, rom
“TargmanTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebi daifareba saxelmwifo
biujetidan”. es kanoni moicavs samarTlis, samoqalaqo da administraciul
samarTalwarmoebas. Tumca, muxlSi 9 mocemul Sesabamis punqtebs aseve exeba
saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis muxli 73.4-is Sesworebebi
(miRebulia 1999 wels, ZalaSi Sevida 2000 wels), romelic, moiTxova ra, rom
“im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ganacxadi an dainteresebuli mxaris mier
[administraciuli samarTalwarmoebisTvis] warmodgenili sxva dokumenti ar
aris Sesrulebuli saxelmwifo enaze, mxarem unda warmoadginos misi
notarialuri wesiT damowmebuli Targmani”, faqtobrivad, gulisxmobs, rom
administraciul samarTalwarmoebaSi Targmanze pasuximsmgebloba da
xarjebi ekisreba regionalur an umciresobaTa enaze molaparake pirs. ufro
metic, konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebuli muxli 85.2, romelic gulisxmobs
imas, rom “pirebi, romlebmac ar ician saxelmwifo ena, samarTalwarmoebisas
uzrunvelyofili iqnebian Tarjimnis momsaxurebiT”, kidev ufro
gaRrmavebulia qartiis muxliT 9, romlic Tanaxmad, sasamarTlo saqmis
warmoebaSi monawile mxareebma SeiZleba gamoiyenon Sesabamisi regionaluri
an umciresobaTa ena im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu am mxareebma ician saxelmwifo
ena.
muxli 9.3, romelic iTvaliswinebs iuridiuli dokumentebis somxur da
azerbaijanul enebze Targmnis uzrunvelyofas, aseve ar aris problematuri.
qarTuli kanonmdeblobis codnis donis amaRleba qvemo qarTlsa da samcxe-
35
javaxeTSi kompaqturad dasaxlebul azerbaijanul da somxur Temebs Soris
mxolod gazrdida saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi am Temebis
warmomadgenelTa monawileobis xarisxs. marTlac, es ukanaskneli
warmoadgens kidec rigi qarTuli arasamaTavrobo organizaciebis mizans da
erovnul umciresobaTa kompaqturi dasaxlebis adgilebSi am mizniT
saerTaSoriso donorebic muSaoben.
muxlSi 9 mxolod muxli 9.2 SeiZleba iyos ramdenadme
winaaRmdegobrivi, vinaidan gulisxmobs regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze
Sedgenili iuridiuli dokumentebis legalizacias. am punqtma SeiZleba
gamoiwvios oponireba qarTuli samTavrobo struqturebis mxridan, im
mizeziT, rom SeiZleba safrTxe Seeqmnas qarTuls, rogorc oficialur
saxelmwifo enas.
3. saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebi
muxlis 10 ganxorcielebisas, romelic sajaro samsaxurSi regionalur an
umciresobaTa enis gamoyenebas Seexeba, arsebobs ori SesaZlo midgoma.
ufro metad ambiciuri midgoma iqneboda nawili III-iT gansazRvruli
enebisTvis erTgvari kvazi-oficialuri statusis miniWeba im geografiuli
regionebis administraciul organoebSi, sadac es enebi farTod gamoiyeneba.
saqarTveloSi es gza Zalze Tamam midgomad CaiTvleboda im mizeziT, rom
daknindeboda saxelmwifo enis roli. Tumca, muxlis 10 qvepunqtebi ar
moiTxovs amgvar midgomas; es punqtebi gulisxmobs imas, rom regionaluri
an umciresobaTa enebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas adgilobriv
xelisuflebasa da sazogadoebas Soris urTierTobisas. rogorc vurlingi
aRniSnavs, Cven unda ganvasxvavoT adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebsa
da sazogadoebas Soris gare urTierTobebisas da adgilobrivi
administraciis organoebs Soris Sida urTierTobebisas gamoyenebuli ena.
momdevno gansxvaveba unda dadgindes adgilobrivi xelisuflebis
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warmomadgenlobiT da aRmasrulebel organoebs Soris.16 muxlis 10
gamoyenebis SedarebiT SezRuduli varianti iqneboda: a) regionaluri an
umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebis ufleba adgilobrivi xelisuflebis
organoebsa da sazogadoebas Soris gare urTierTobebisas, magram ara
aucileblad - adgilobrivi administraciis organoebs Soris Sida
urTierTobebisas; da b) am enebis gamoyenebis ufleba adgilobrivi
xelisuflebis warmomadgenlobiT organoebSi, magram ara aucileblad –
aRmasrulebel organoebSi. Eamgvari midgoma arc erT SemTxvevaSi ar
daakninebs saxelmwifo enas da SeiZleba warmatebiT iqnas gamoyenebuli
saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, qarTuli enis adgilobrivi xelisuflebis
organoebSi gamoyenebisTvis zianis miyenebis gareSe.
saqarTvelo advilad Seasrulebs yvela pirobas zemoTaRniSnuli,
ufro metad SezRuduli midgomis gamoyenebiT, rac gulisxmobs muxli 10-is
TxuTmeti punqtidan cxra punqtis Sesrulebas, kerZod, 10.1a ii., 10.1b, 10.2b,
10.2d, 10.2z, 10.2z, 10.3, 10.4 da 10.5. aq yvelaze metad sayurdReboa muxlebi 10.1
da 10.2 (a-v), romlebic exeba adgilobrivi administraciis organoebSi
urTierTobaTa enas da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebsa da
sazogadoebas Soris urTierTobebisas gamoyenebul enas. aq muxlebi 10.2g da
10.2e ar gamodgeba saqarTvelosTvis, vinaidan aq adgilobriv
TviTmmarTvelobaSi arsebobs arCeuli warmomadgenlebisgan
dakompleqtebuli mxolod erTi Sre.17 muxlSi 10.2 arsebuli es gansxvaveba
“regionalur” da “adgilobriv” struqturebs Soris amdenad ar gamodgeba
saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi (ix. danarTi 1). damatebiT am muxlebTan,
saqarTvelom SeiZleba ganaxorcielos muxli 10.2z (gulisxmobs
geografiuli dasaxelebebis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze
gamoyenebis uflebas) da muxli 10.5 (gvarebis regionalur an umciresobaTa
enebze gamoyenebis uflebas), vinaidan es nabijebi Seesatyviseba qartiis
muxls 11, romelic saqarTvelom ukve daamtkica. saqarTvelom aseve
16 vurlingi, regionaluri da evropuli enebis evropuli qartia, kritikuli komentari, gv. 183 17 iqve, gv. 186.
37
SeiZleba gamoiyenos qartiis muxli 10.3 (qvepunqti g), romelic saSualebas
aZlevs regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparake pirebs Seitanon
gancxadi amave enebze im teritoriebze, sadac es enebi farTod gamoiyeneba;
da muxli 10.4 (qvepunqti a, b. da g), romelic gulisxmobs (orenovani)
personalis daniSvnas adgilobriv administraciul organoebSi
regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis codniT.
rasakvirvelia, qartiis suliskveTebasTan SesabamisobaSi,
saqarTvelos xelisuflebam unda gadadgas aqtiuri nabijebi aRniSnuli
RonisZiebebis saTanadod ganxorcielebisTvis. sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis
TvalsazrisiT aRniSnuli qvepunqtebis miReba moiTxovs Sesworebis Setanas
saqarTvelos organuli kanonis “adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb”
muxlSi 10 (miRebulia 2005 w)., romlis Tanaxmad, “adgilobrivi
xelisuflebis organoebis samuSao enas da saqmis warmoebis ena
warmoadgens saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ena”. SesworebaSi unda aisaxos
Sesabamisi gamonaklisi warmomadgenlobiT organoebTan mimarTebaSi. metic,
muxlis 10.4 ganxorcieleba moiTxovs saqarTvelos xelisuflebisgan,
aqtiuri roli Seasrulos adgilobrivi administraciuli organoebis
kompetenturi orenovani personaliT dakompleqtebaSi, xelisuflebis
adgilobriv organoebsa da sazogadoebas Soris kavSirisa da Tarjimnebis
uzrunvelyofis mizniT. rogorc winamdebare werilis avtorma wina
werilSi aRniSna, aRniSnuli waaxalisebs orenovan ganaTlebas TemebSi,
romelTa warmomadgenlebma ar icodnen da arc iyvnen daiteresebulni
saxelmwifo enis SeswavliT. aseve, Seiqmneba orenovani profesionalebis
rezervi uwin marginalizebul eTnikur umciresobebSi.18 yovelive es ki,
sabolood, ki ar daabrkolebs, aramed gaaRrmavebs erovnuli integraciis
process.
18 ix. jonatan uitli, “umciresobaTa enebis statusi saqarTveloSi da sxva evropul qveynebSi arsebuli modelebis Sesabamisoba”, erovnul umciresobaTa evropuli centri, samuSao dokumenti #26, 2006 wlis marti - Jonathan Wheatley, “The Status of Minority Languages in Georgia and the Relevance of Models from Other European States”, ECMI Working Paper #26 (March 2006). www.ecmi.de/download/working_paper_26.pdf.
38
4. mediis saSualebebi
saqarTvelos xelisuflebam ukve gamoxata masmediaSi regionaluri an
umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebis survili. saqarTvelos kulturis
saministro afinansebs gazeTebs umciresobaTa enebze, rogoricaa
somxurenovani vrastan, azerbaijanulenovani gurjistan da rusulenovani
svobodnaia gruzia. ufro metic, saqarTvelos kanonSi “mauwyeblobis
Sesaxeb” 2008 wlis martSi Setanili Sesworebebis Tanaxmad, sazogadoebrivi
mauwyeblis daaxloebiT 25% unda daixarjos yofili samxreT oseTis
avtonomiur olqTan da afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikasTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis irgvliv programebis momzadebaze, da aseve
programebis mauwyeblobaze umciresobaTa enebze.” es mimarTuleba
dadasturebulia agreTve saqarTvelos mier axlaxans miRebul
“Semwynareblobisa da samoqalaqo integraciis erovnul koncefciaSi”
(damtkicda saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier 2009 wlis 29 aprils).19 2005
wlidan saqarTvelos televiziis pirveli arxi mauwyeblobs sainformacio
programas moambe afxazur, osur, somxur, azerbaijanul da rusul enebze
kviraSi erTxel, 30 wuTis ganmavlobaSi (gansxvavebul enaze yoveldRe,
plius mokle sainformacio programa rusul enaze yoveldRiurad). aseve
gadaicema radio gadacemebi dRis ganmavlobaSi zemoTaRniSnul enebze,
aseve kurmanji (qurTul enaze). damatebiT, ukanasknel wlebSi eTerSi gadis
rigi programebisa umciresobaTa sakiTxebze, maT Soris Toq-Sou italiuri
ezo, Sou Cveni saqarTvelo da dokumenturi filmebis seria eTnikur
umciresobebze (multieTnikuri saqarTvelo).
unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos xelisuflebam mxari dauWira
agreTve 2005 wels telekompania alania TV-s Seqmnas, romlis mizani iyo
19 tolerantulobis da samoqalaqo integraciis nacionaluri koncefcia, damtkicda saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier 2009 wlis 29 aprils.
39
informaciis gavrceleba rusul unaze samxreT oseTis separatistuli
regionis mosaxleobisTvis. alania TV dRemde mauwyeblobs.20
erovnuli koncefciis miRebasTan da zemoTaRniSnul sakanonmdeblo
cvlilebebTan Sesabamisad, SemuSavebulia umciresobaTa enebze
mauwyeblobis wilis mniSvnelovani gazrdis gegmebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mxridan sazogadoebriv mauwyeblobaSi
regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis CarTvis survili aSkaraa, dRemde am
mimarTulebiT gadadgmuli konkretuli nabijebi arcTu ise bevria. sabWoTa
periodidan tradiciulad centraluri xelisuflebis dafinansebis qveS
arsebuli, umciresobaTa enebze gamocemuli gazeTebis dafinanseba bolo
wlebSi Semcirda.21 rac Seexeba saxelmwifo televizias, misi Senatani
regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis ganviTarebaSi arcTu imdenad
sagrZnobia; kerZod, moambis eTerSi gasvlis dro (15.00) Sorsaa praim-
Taimidan da vinaidan informacia erT enaze kviraSi mxolod erTxel gadis,
SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom misi moculoba Zalze mwiria. da bolos, alania
TV-s daaarseba sakamaTo sagania, vinaidan damkvidrebuli mosazrebiT, igi
miznad isaxavda ara marto osuri enis ganviTarebis xelSewyobas, aramed
emsaxureboda separatistuli reJimis sawinaaRmdego propagandas.
nebismieri gadadgmuli nabijiT saqarTvelos xelisufleba
adasturebs, rom, faqtobirvad, ar ewinaaRmdegeba RonisZiebebs, romlebic
emsaxureba masmediaSi regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis ufro farTo
danergvas. metic, qartiis muxli 11 gulisxmobs kidev ufro meti stimulis
micemas saqarTvelos xelisuflebisTvis, gaagrZelos wamowyebuli
iniciativebi da waaxalisos sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli kidev ufro
gaaRrmavos mcdelobebi am mimarTulebiT. kidev erTxel, saxelmwifos ar
20 moli korso, “satelevizio mauwyebloba saqarTveloSi misteriulia da badebs kiTxvebs”, evrazia insaiti, 2006 wlis 22 maisi (Moly Corso, ‘Television Station in Georgia Operates Mysteriously, Generates Controversy’ (Eurasia Insight, 22 May 2006) http://www.eurasianet.org/departiments/insight/articles/eav052206a.shtml21 mag., eTnikurad somexi parlamentaris van baiburTis informaciiT (2006 wlis 27 ianvari), 2005 wels gazeTis vrastan dafinansebam Seadgina 15.000 lari, maSin rodesac, Cveulebriv, gazeTis dafinanseba Seadgenda 20.000 lars. http://www.media.ge/eng/news_detailed.php?id_numb=366
40
sWirdeba regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze mauwyebeli tele da radio
arxebis daarseba, sakmarisia is faqti, rom igi mxars uWers arsebul
iniciativebs, miT umetes, rom mxardaWera ar gamoixateba mxolod sityvebsa
da cariel JestebSi.Uukve gadadgmul nabijebTan SesabamisobaSi,
saqarTvelos xelisuflebas SeuZlia imuSaos imis uzruvelyofaze, rom
“teleradiomauwyeblebma warmoadginon programebi regionalur an
umciresobaTa enebze” (muxli 11.1aiii), “waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon
radioprogramebis mauwyeblobas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze
regularul safuZvelze” (muxli11.1b ii), “waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon
satelevizio programebis mauwyeblobas regionalur an umciresobaTa
enebze regularul safuZvelze; (muxli 11.1g ii), ‘waaxalison da/an xeli
Seuwyon regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze audio da audiovizualuri
naSromebis warmoebas da distribucias;” (muxli 11d), da “waaxalison da/an
xeli Seuwyon sagazeTo statiebis gamoqveynebas regionalur an
umciresobaTa enebze regularul safuZvelze” (muxli 11e ii). muxlebi 11v da
11z, Seesabameba ra saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier ganxorcielebul
iniciativebs, gulisxmobs mniSvnelovan finansur daxmarebas, risi gaRebac
SeiZleba rTuli aRmoCndes saxelmwifosTvis dRevandel rTul viTarebaSi.
Tu ar CavTvliT am punqtebs, saqarTvelom unda daamtkicos muxlis 11.1
Svidi punqtidan xuTi mainc.
rac Seexeba muxls 11.2 radio da telemauwyeblobis da beWduri
mediasaSuualebebis miRebis uzrunvelofis Sesaxeb transsasazRvro
konteqstSi, es piroba azerbaijanul da somxur umciresobebTan
mimarTebaSi dakmayofilebulia. samcxe-javaxeTsa da qvemo qarTlSi
mcxovrebi mosaxleoba iRebs radio da teleprogramebs baqodan da
erevnidan. maSin rodesac es situacia zogierTis azriT (qarTuli mxridan)
aixsneba rogorc erovnul umciresobaTa qarTul sazogadoebaSi
integrirebis Semaferxebeli tendencia, mediis da kulturis sferoSi
politikis SemuSavebaze pasuxismgebelma pirebma ki ar unda SezRudon
erovnul umciresobaTa mier msgavsi mauwyeblobis miReba, aramed, amis
41
sapirispirod, moizidon da daaintereson isini qarTuli mauwyeblobiT –
rogorc saxelmwifo enis swavlebis, aseve (sadac aucilebelia) qarTuli
telegadacemebis Sesabamis umciresobaTa enebze sinqronuli Targmanis
uzrunvelyofiT.
da bolos, muxli 11.3, romelic exeba regionalur an umciresobaTa
enebze molaparakeTa interesebis warmodgenas mediis Tavisuflebisa da
pluralizmis uzrunvelyofaze pasuxismgebel saxelmwifo organoebSi – am
muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnis mokle droSi dakmayofileba
SeiZleba problematuri aRmoCndes, vinaidan amgvari organoebis Seqmnaze
saubari naadrevia jer Tavad qarTulenovan mediasTan mimarTebaSi.
saqarTveloSi Tavisufali da damoukidebeli mediis ganviTarebis
istoria sul raRac aT wels iTvlis. amdenad, saxelmwifo struqturebis
mxridan jer kidev arsebobs saredaqcio politikaSi Carevis da, amdenad,
mediis Tavisuflebis ara xelSewyobis, aramed SezRudvis tendencia. manam,
sanam es mdgomareoba normalizdeba naklebad savaraudoa, zemoTaRniSnulma
nabijma raime Sedegi moitanos. jerjerobiT, saqarTvelom SeiZleba
daakmayofilos muxli 11-is cxra punqtidan eqvsi.
5. kultura
sabWoTa kavSiris dros arsebobda mTeli rigi kulturuli
organizaciebisa, romlebic warmoadgendnen saqarTveloSi mcxovreb
sxvadasxva erovnul umciresobaTa enebs da kulturebs. amdenad, arsebobs
regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze mimdinare kulturul saqmianobaTa
mxardaWeris precedenti. mTavari problema aq isaa, rom sabWoTa kavSiris
daSlisa da misi Tanamdevi ekonomikuri krizisis Sedegad umravlesoba
aRniSnuli organizaciebisa an daiSala, an funqionaluroba dakarga
dafinansebis ararsebobis gamo. naTelia, rom saxelmwifo dafinansebis
ararsebobisas/SezRudvisas prioritetulad kulturul saqmianobaTa
42
finansuri mxardaWera naklebad savaraudoa. amdenad, finansuri problemis
garda, principulad, saqarTvelos saxelisuflo organoebis mxridan raime
sxva saxis winaaRmdegobas adgili ar aqvs qartiis muxli 12-is mTxovnebTan
mimarTebaSi.
faqtobrivad, qarTuli saxelmwifo struqturebis mxridan arsebobs
myari mizezebi, raTa SesaZleblobaTa farglebSi moxdes kulturis sferos
mxardaWera rogorc qarTul, aseve azerbaijanul da somxur enebze.
upirveles yovlisa, aqcenti keTdeba kulturul saqmianobaTa xelSewyobaze,
romlebic ar aris dakavSirebuli did finansur danaxarjebTan. mxolod
muxli 12.1T moixseniebs finansur sakiTxs da principSi, am qvepunqtiT
gaTvaliswinebul saqmianobaTa dafinanseba SeiZleba gadaidos ekonomikuri
mdgomareobis gaumjobesebamde. meore mxriv, muxli 12-is zogi punqti
Seicavs zomebs, romlebic pirdapir emsaxureba samoqalaqo intgraciis
miznebs. kerZod, muxli 12.1b da g, rac gulisxmobs saTargmano, dublirebis,
post-sinqronizaciisa da subtitrirebis saqmianobisaTvis daxmarebis
gawevas qarTulenovani mosaxleobisTvis azerbaijanul da somxur enebze
Seqmnili naSromebisadmi xelmisawvdomobisa da aseve, qarTuli filmebisa
da literaturis azerbaijanul da somxurenovani mosaxleobisTvis
xelmisawvdomobis mizniT – daexmareba mosaxleobis umravlesobisa da
umciresobaTa Temebis daaxloebas. metic, ganxorcieleba muxlSi 12.1e
aRwerili zomebisa, romelTa gatareba mizanSewonilia im mizniT, rom
kulturul saqmianobaTa ganmaxorcielebel saxelwifo organoebSi
muSaobdes Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enaze molaparake
personali, xels Seuwyobs orenovnebis ganviTarebas da droTa
ganmavlobaSi, saxelmwifoSi orenovani inteligenciis Camoyalibebas,
romelmac SeiZleba Seasrulos qarTul da umciresobaTa kulturebs Soris
damakavSirebeli xidis roli. amdenad, muxli 12-Si moyvanili zomebis
Sesrulebam SeiZleba integratiuli roli iTamaSos qarTul
sazogadoebaSi. SezRuduli finansuri resursebiTac ki saqarTvelos
SeuZlia muxli 12-Si moyvanili yvela punqtis Sesruleba, garda 12.1T
qvepunqtisa (e.i. Sesrulebas eqvemdebareba aTi punqtidan cxra).
43
6. ekonomikuri saqmianobebi
rogorc vurlingi aRniSnavs, muxli 13, romelic exeba regionalur an
umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebas ekonomikur da socialur saqmianobebSi,
emsaxureba or ZiriTad mizans: pirveli – SezRudvebis aRmofxvra
regionalur an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT socialur
da ekonomikur sferoebSi, da meore – im saqmianobaTa mxardaWera, romlebic
waaxalisebs regionalur an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebas am sferoebSi22.
saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi pirveli miznis miRweva ufro advilia, vidre
meoresi. amis mizezia is, rom sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdgom
saxelmwifos gavlena saqarTvelos ekonomikaze ufro metad formaluria,
vidre oficialuri da amdenad, saxelmwifos rolis institucionalizacia
ekonomikur cxovrebaSi jer adreul etapebs iTvlis. amdenad, sadReisod,
ekonomikuri saqmianobebis ganmaxorcielebeli instituciebis Sida
regulirebis Sesacvlelad muxlebiT 13.1b, 13.1g, 13.1d, 13.2a and 13.2b
gansazRvruli konkretuli zomebis SemoReba naklebad moitans Sedegs.
muxli 13.2e, romelic emsaxureba informaciis gavrcelebas regionalur an
umciresobaTa enebze momxmarebelTa uflebebis sferoSi, savaraudod, aseve
arapraqtikulia, zogadad “momxmarebelTa uflebebis” cnebis irgvliv
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis naklebad gacnobierebulobis gamo. SedarebiT
advilad Sesasrulebeli moTxovnebi mocemulia muxlSi 13.1a, romelic
iTvaliswinebs imgvari kanonmdeblobis gauqmebas, romelic krZalavs an
zRudavs regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebas dokumentebSi,
romlebic exeba ekonomikur an socialur cxovrebas; muxli 13.2.g, romelic
iTvaliswinebs regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebis
uzrunvelyofas socialuri dacvis dawesebulebebSi, rogoricaa
saavadmyofoebi; da muxli 13.2.d, romelic iTvaliswinebs, rom usafrTxoebis
instruqciebi Sedgenil iqnas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze im
22 vurlingi, regionaluri da evropuli enebis evropuli qartia, kritikuli komentari, gv. 224 -
Woehrling, The European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages: A Critical Commentary, 224.
44
teritoriebze, sadac es enebi farTod gamoiyeneba. amdenad, saqarTvelos
SeuZlia Seasrulos muxli 13-is cxra punqtidan sami.
7. sazRvarTSorisi gacvlebi
saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriidan gamomdinare, kerZod ki, samxreT
oseTsa da afxazeTSi 1990 wlebis samoqalaqo omebiT gamowveulma
saqarTvelos iurisdiqciis dakargvam sazRvarTSorisi gacvlebis sakiTxi
metad problematuri gaxada. es sakiTxi aseve arsebiTia samcxe-javaxeTisa
da qvemo qarTlis azerbaijanul da somxurenovan mosaxleobasTan
mimarTebaSi, romlebic esazRvrebian sakuTar monaTesave saxelmwifoebs. am
Temebis geografiuli ganTavseba, iredentizmis SiSTan erTad niSnavs, rom
saqarTvelos xelisufleba Tavs Seikavebs sazRvarTSorisi gacvlebis
xelSwyobisken mimarTuli zomebis gatarebisgan - erTi mxridan
saqarTveloSi mcxovreb azerbaijanul da somxurenovan lingvistur
umciresobebsa da meore mxridan, azerbaijansa da somxeTSi mcxovreb
azerbaijanul da somxur enebze molaparake mosaxleobas Soris. Tanac,
unda aRiniSnos, rom amgvari gacvlebi mainc iwarmoeba da swored es badebs
SiSs, rom es umciresobebi ufro ukeT arian integrirebuli TavianT
monaTesave qveynebis socialur da kulturul cxovrebaSi, vidre
saqarTvelos socialur da kulturul cxovrebaSi. amdenad, am etapze
aRniSnuli zomebis gatareba CaiTvleba integraciis sawinaaRmdegod
mimarTul qmedebad. amasTan, arsebuli kavSirebis sixSiris
gaTvaliswinebiT, amgvari zomebis gatareba zedmetic kia. amdenad, naklebad
savaraudoa, rom saqarTvelo sakuTar Tavze aiRebs muxlSi 14 moyvanili
punqtebis Sesrulebas.
8. nawili III-is gamoyenebis Sejameba
am nawilSi me gamovavline, Tu rogorc SeiZleba saqarTvelom miusadagos
regionalur an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartiis nawili III
45
azerbaijanuli da somxuri enebis dacvas, samoqalaqo integraciisa da
‘demosis’ konsolidaciis ideebisadmi zianis miyenebis gareSe, rac efuZneba
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi yvela moqalaqis, da ara erTi erovnebiT
gansazRvruli Temis - sazogadoebriv gaerTianebas. piriqiT, nawili III-is
ganxorcielebis Sedegad SeiZleba xeli Seewyos integraciis processs
orenovani ganaTlebis SemoRebiT adreuli asakidan, da orenovani
inteligenciis CamoyalibebiT – romelsac Seadgenen dasaqmebuli
maswavleblebi, mTargmnelebi da sazogadoebasTan urTierTobebze
pasuxismgebeli pirebi. amgvari nabijebi, imedia, erTmaneTTan daaaxlovebs
saqarTveloSi mcxovreb gansxvavebul lingvistur Temebs. daskvnis saxiT
minda avRniSno, rom saqarTvelom SeiZleba miiRos qartiis nawili III-is 42
punqti, rac 7 punqtiT aRemateba aucilebel minimums - 35 punqts. esenia:
muxlebi 8.1a (ii), 8.1b (ii), 8.1g (ii), 8.1d (ii), 8.1e (ii), 8.1T, 8.1i, 8.2, 9.1a (ii), 9.1b (ii), 9.1g
(ii), 9.1d, 9.3, 10.1a (ii)., 10.1b, 10.2b, 10.2d, 10.2v, 10.2z, 10.3, 10.4a, 10.4b, 10.4g, 10.5, 11.1a
(iii), 11.1b (ii), 11.1g (ii), 11d, 11e (i), 11.2, 12.1a, 12.1b, 12.1g, 12.1d, 12.1e, 12.1v 12.1z, 12.2,
12.3, 13.1a, 13.2g and 13.2d. es saSualebas miscems saqarTvelos xelisuflebas
gadawyvitos, Tu ramdeni punqtis miReba surs sabolood, gansakuTrebiT ki
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom azerbaijanul da somxur enebTan mimarTebaSi
SesaZloa gansxvavebuli modulebis ratificireba, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
xelisufleba da Sesabamisi lingvisturi jgufebis warmomadgenlebi
eTanxmebian gansxvavebul mdgomareobas aRniSnul or enasTan mimarTebaSi.
IV. daskvna
winadebare naSromSi me gamovavline, Tu rogor Seuwyobs xels
regionalur an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartia ara mxolod gaqrobis
winaSe mdgari, yvelaze mcirericxovan umciresobaTa enebis dacvas, aramed
moaxdens saqarTveloSi SedarebiT farTod gamoyenebadi - azerbaijanuli
da somxuri enebis institucionalizacias samoqalaqo integraciis saboloo
miznisTvis zianis miyenebis gareSe.
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bevr qveyanaSi, romlebmac ukve moaxdines qartiis ratificireba,
oficialur enaze (enebze) laparakobs praqtikulad yvela moqalaqe.
saqarTveloSi ki, saxelmwifo enis arasakmarisma codnam daabrkola
erovnul umciresobaTa integracia da gamoiwvia SiSi, rom “Cven, eri” cnebis
matarebeli cnobierebis naklebobam SeiZleba Seaferxos
saxelmwifoebriobis Camoyalibeba. saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, amdenad,
regionalur an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartia gulmodgined unda
iqnas gaanalizebuli, raTa maqsimaluri dakvirvebis da zedmiwevniTi
analizis Sedegad sworad SeirCes qartiis nawili III-is Semadgeneli
punqtebi imisTvis, raTa gatarebuli zomebis Sedegad erovnuli
umciresobebis warmomadgenlebma ar dakargon qarTuli enis Seswavlis
survili. rogorc wina nawilSi vaCvene, punqtebi SeiZleba SeirCes imgvarad,
raTa ki ar Seferxdes, aramed xeli Seewyos samoqalaqo integracias da
saxelmwifo enis swavlebas imaTTvis, visTvisac qarTuli ena ar
warmoadgens mSobliurs.
fundamenturi gamowveva saqarTvelosTvis, qartiis ratificirebamde
periodSi, atarebs ufro metad fsiqologiur, vidre teqnikur xasiaTs.
qartiis filosofia efuZneba im mosazrebas, rom regionaluri an
umciresobaTa enebi warmoadgens konkretuli qveynis erovnuli
memkvidreobis nawils; rac ayalibebs qveynis moqalaqeobis swored
samoqalaqo da ara eTnikuri niSniT gansazRvrul koncefcias, romlis
damkvidrebac iseT qveynebSi, rogoricaa saqarTvelo, sadac eTnikuri
nacionalizmi istoriulad mZlavr mamoZravebel Zalas warmoadgenda -
rTulia. gamowveva saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da qarTuli
sazogadoebisTvis mdgomareobs im faqtis safuZvlianad gaazrebasa da
gulwrfelad gacnobierebaSi, rom regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi
warmoadgens kulturuli simdidris, da ara eTnikuri qarTvelebis
interesebisadmi mimarTuli safrTxis gamoxatulebas.
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danarTi 1: evropuli qartia regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis
Sesaxeb
strasburgi, 2. X. 1992 preambula qvemore xelmomweri evropis sabWos wevri saxelmwifoebi, iTvaliswineben ra, rom evropis sabWos mizania mis wevrebs Soris ufro didi erTianobis miRweva, kerZod, im idealebisa da principebis dacvisa da realizaciis mizniT, romlebic warmoadgenen maT saerTo memkvidreobas; iTvaliswineben ra, rom evropis istoriuli regionaluri Tu umciresobaTa enebis dacva, romelTaganac zogierTs saboloo gaqroba emuqreba, xels uwyobs evropis kulturuli simdidrisa da tradiciebis SenarCunebasa da ganviTarebas; iTvaliswineben ra, rom pirad da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi regionaluri an umciresobis enis gamoyeneba warmoadgens xelSeuxebel uflebas, romelic Seesabameba samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb gaerTianebuli erebis saerTaSoriso paqtiT gaTvaliswinebul principebs da aseve, evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebebaTa dacvis konvenciis suliskveTebas; mxedvelobaSi iRben ra euTos mier Sesrulebul samuSaos, kerZod ki 1957 wlis helsinkis daskvniT aqtsa da 1990 wlis kopenhagenis Sexvedris dokuments; xazs usvamen ra kulturuli urTierTobebisa da mravalenovnebis Rirebulebas da iTvaliswineben ra imas, rom regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis dacvam da waxalisebam ziani ar unda miayenos oficialur enebsa da maTi Seswavlis aucileblobas; acnobiereben ra, rom evropis sxvadasxva qveynebsa da regionebSi regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis dacva da maTTvis xelis Sewyoba warmoadgens mniSvnelovan wvlils demkratiisa da kulturuli mravalferovnebis principebze dafuZnebuli evropis mSeneblobisaTvis, erovnuli suverenitetisa da teritoriuli mTlianobis \ farglebSi; mxedvelobaSi iReben ra specifikur pirobebsa da istoriul tradiciebs evropuli saxelmwifoebis sxvadasxva regionebSi, SeTanxmdnen Semdegze: nawili I muxli 1 – gansazRvrebebi am qartiis miznebisaTvis: a) "regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi" niSnavs enebs, romlebic: i. tradiciulad gamoiyenebian saxelmwifos Sesabamis teritoriaze am saxelmwifos moqalaqeebis mier, romlebic ricxobrivad ufro patara jgufs warmoadgenen, vidre am saxelmwifos danarCeni mosaxleoba; da ii. gansxvavdebian saxelmwifos oficialuri enisagan (enebisagan); igi ar moicavs saxelmwifos oficialuri enis dialeqtebsa da arc migrantebis enebs;
48
b) "teritoria, romelzedac gamoiyeneba regionaluri an umciresobis ena" niSnavs geografiul raions, sadac aRniSnuli ena gamoxatvis saSualebas warmoadgens im raodenobis xalxisaTvis, rom am qartiiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxvadasxva damcavi da xelSemwyobi zomebis miReba gamarTlebuli iyos; g) "ara-teritoriuli enebi" niSnavs saxelmwifos moqalaqeebis mier gamoyenebul enebs, romlebic gansxvavdebian saxelmwifos danarCeni mosaxleobis mier gamoyenebuli enis an enebisagan, magram romlebic, Tumca tradiciulad gamoiyenebian saxelmwifos teritoriaze, ver gaigivdebian romelime konkretul raionTan. muxli 2 – valdebulebani 1. TiToeuli mxare valdebulebas iRebs gamoiyenos II nawilis debulebebi mis teritoriaze gamoyenebuli yvela regionuli an umciresobis enis mimarT, romelic akmayofilebs 1-l muxlSi mocemul gansazRvrebas. 2. TiToeuli mxare valdebulebas iRebs, me-3 muxlis Tanaxmad ratifikaciis, miRebis an damtkicebis dros gansazRvruli TiToeuli enis mimarT gamoiyenos qartiis III nawilidan SerCeuli aranakleb ocdaTxuTmeti punqti an qve-punqti, romelTa Soris arCeuli unda iyos me-8 da me-12 muxlebidan aranakleb sam-sami punqti da me-9, me-10, me-11 da me-13 muxlebis TiTo punqti mainc. muxli 3 - praqtikuli RonisZiebebi 1. TiToeuli xelSemkvreli mxare saratifikacio, miRebis an damtkicebis sigelSigansazRvravs TiToeul regionalur an umciresobis enas an oficialur enas, romelic mTels mis teritoriaze an teritoriis nawilSi naklebad aris gamoyenebuli da romelTa mimarTac moxdeba me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad SerCeuli punqtebis gamoyeneba. 2. nebismier mxares, mogvianebiT nebismier dros SeuZlia Seatyobinos generalur mdivans, rom igi iRebs qartiis nebismieri punqtis debulebebidan gamomdinare valdebulebebs, romlebic ar arian gansazRvrulni saratifikacio, miRebis an damtkicebis sigelSi, an igi gamoiyenebs winamdebare muxlis 1-l punqts sxva regionalur an umciresobaTa an sxva oficialuri enebis mimarT, romlebic naklebad gamoiyenebian mis mTels teritoriaze an teritoriis nawilSi. 3. wina punqtiT gansazRvruli valdebulebebi ganixileba ratifikaciis, miRebis an mowonebis Semadgenel nawilad da aqvs igive iuridiuli Zala Setyobinebis gagzavnis TariRidan. muxli 4 - dacvis arsebuli reJimebi 1. araferi, gaTvaliswinebuli am qartiiT, SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebuli iqnas imgvarad, rom izRudebodes, an irRveodes adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciiT uzrunvelyofili romelime ufleba. 2. am qartiis debulebebi zegavlenas ar moaxdenen ufro xelsayrel debulebebze, romlebic exebian regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis statuss an umciresobebisadmi kuTvnili pirebis samarTlebriv reJims, romelic SeiZleba arsebobdes xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoSi an uzrunvelyofili iyos Sesabamisi ormxrivi an mravalmxrivi saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebiT.
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muxli 5 - arsebuli valdebulebani araferi, gaTvaliswinebuli am qartiiT, SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebuli iqnas imgvarad, rom iZleodes raime saqmianobaSi CarTvis an raime saqmianobis ganxorcielebis uflebas, rac winaaRmdegobaSi iqneba gaerTianebuli erebis qartiis miznebTan an saerTaSoriso samarTliT dadgenil sxva valdebulebebTan, saxelmwifoTa suverenitetisa da teritoriuli mTlianobis principis CaTvliT. muxli 6 – informacia mxareebi valdebulebas iReben zedamxedveloba gauwion, rom Sesabamisi xelisuflebis organoebi, organizaciebi da pirebi informirebulni iyvnen am qartiiT dadgenili uflebebisa da movaleobebis Sesaxeb. nawili II me-2 muxlis 1-li punqtis Sesabamisad gansaxorcielebeli miznebi da principebi muxli 7 - miznebi da principebi 1. regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis mimarT, im teritoriebze, romlebzedac aseT enebs iyeneben da TiToeuli enis mdgomareobis Sesabamisad, mxareebi TavianTpolitikas, kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikul saqmianobas aageben Semdeg miznebsa da principebze dayrdnobiT: a) regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis aRiareba kulturuli simdidris gamoxatulebad; b) TiToeuli regionaluri an umciresobis enis geografiuli arealis pativiscema imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom arsebuli an axali administraciuli dayofa dabrkolebas ar warmoadgendes Sesabamisi regionaluri an umciresobis enis xelSewyobisaTvis; g) regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis xelSesawyobad gadamWreli moqmedebis aucileblobis aRiareba, maTi dacvis mizniT; d) zepiri da werilobiTi formiT, sajarod da pirad cxovrebaSi regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebis xelSewyoba da/an waxaliseba; e) qartiiT mocul sferoebSi regionul an umciresobaTa enebze molaparake jgufebsa da saxelmwifoSi imave an msgavs enaze molaparake jgufebs Soris kavSiris SenarCuneba da ganviTareba, iseve, rogorc kulturuli urTierTobebis damyareba saxelmwifoSi sxva jgufebTan, romlebic iyeneben gansxvavebul enebs; v) Sesabamisi formebisa da saSualebebis uzrunvelyofa yvela Sesabamis safexurze regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis swavlebisa da SeswavlisaTvis; z) regionaluri an umciresobis enis Sesaswavlad pirobebis Seqmna im raionSi mocxovrebi pirebisaTvis, sadac gamoiyeneba Sesabamisi ena, Tuki Sesabamisi pirebi ver saubroben am enaze da aqvT misi Seswavlis survili; T) universitetebsa an analogiur institutebSi regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis Seswavlisa da gamokvlevis xelSewyoba; i) am qartiiT mocul sferoebSi transnacionaluri gacvlebis Sesabamisi formebis xelSewyoba, im regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis xelSesawyobad, romlebic identuri an msgavsi formiT gamoiyenebian or an met saxelmwifoSi. 2. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben aRkveTon, Tu jer ar aRukveTavT, regionalur da umciresobaTa enebis mimarT nebismieri gaumarTlebeli gamorCeva,
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gamoricxva, SezRudva an upiratesobis miniWeba, romelic miznad isaxavs am enebis dacvisa da ganviTarebisaTvis xelis SeSlas an safrTxeSi Cagdebas. regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis sasargeblod specialuri zomebis miReba, romlebic miznad isaxaven am enebze molaparakeTa da danarCen mosaxleobas Soris Tanasworobis xelSewyobas an romlebic saTanadod iReben mxedvelobaSi am enebis gansakuTrebul pirobebs, ar CaiTvleba diskriminaciis aqtad ufro gavrcelebul enebze molaparakeTa mimarT. 3. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben Sesabamisi RonisZiebebiT xeli Seuwyon urTierTgagebas qveynis yvela lingvistur jgufs Soris da kerZod, TavianT qveynebSi uzrunvelyofili ganaTlebisa da profesiuli momzadebis miznebs Soris CarTon regionaluri da umciresobaTa enebis mimarT pativiscema, gageba da tolerantuli damokidebuleba da aseve waaxalison masmedia imave miznebis dasaxvisaTvis. 4. regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis mimarT erovnuli politikis gansazRvrisas, mxareebi mxedvelobaSi miiReben am enebze molaparake jgufebis saWiroebebsa da maT mier gamoTqmul survilebs. waxalisdeba maT mier, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, iseTi organoebis Seqmna, romlebic, xelisuflebis organoebs rCevebs miscemen regionalur an umciresobaTa enebTan dakavSirebul yvela sakiTxze. 5. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben arateritoriuli enebis mimarT mutatis mutandis gamoiyenon, zemo 1 - 4 punqtebSi mocemuli principebi. amasTan, am enebTan mimarTebaSi, winamdebare qartiis asamoqmedeblad misaRebi zomebis xasiaTi da masStabi ganisazRvreba moqnili wesiT, aRniSnul enebze molaparake jgufebis saWiroebebisa da survilebis gaTvaliswinebiTa da maTi tradiciebisa da specifikuri Taviseburebebis pativiscemiT. nawili III me-2 muxlis me-2 punqtiT aRebuli valdebulebebis Sesabamisad regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis xelSewyobis zomebi muxli 8 – ganaTleba 1. ganaTlebis sferoSi mxareebi valdebulebas iReben im teritoriebze, sadac aseTi enebi gamoiyeneba, am enaTagan TiToeulis mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT da saxelmwifo enis (enebis) swavlebisaTvis zianis miyenebis gareSe: a) i. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon skolamdeli ganaTleba Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; ii. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon skolamdeli ganaTlebis arsebiTi nawili Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an iii. gamoiyenon zemo i da ii qve-punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebi im moswavleTa mimarT mainc, romelTa ojaxebic iTxoven amas da romelTa raodenobac sakmarisad CaiTvleba; an iv. Tu saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebs ara aqvT pirdapiri kompetencia skolamdeli ganaTlebis sferoSi, xeli Seuwyon da waaxalison i-dan iii-mde qve-punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebis gamoyeneba; b)
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i. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon dawyebiTi ganaTleba Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; ii. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon dawyebiTi ganaTlebis arsebiTi nawili Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an iii. uzrunvelyon Sesabamisi regionaluri an umciresobis enis dawyebiTi ganaTlebis programaSi CarTva mecadineobaTa ganrigis Semadgenel nawilad; an iv. gamoiyenon i-dan iii-mde qve-punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebidan erT-erTi im moswavleTa mimarT mainc, romelTa ojaxebic iTxoven amas da romelTa raodenobac sakmarisad CaiTvleba; g) i. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon saSualo ganaTleba Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; ii. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon saSualo ganaTlebis arsebiTi nawili Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an iii. uzrunvelyon Sesabamisi regionaluri an umciresobis enis saSualo ganaTlebis programaSi CarTva mecadineobaTa ganrigis Semadgenel nawilad; an iv. gamoiyenon zemo i-dan iii-mde qve-punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebidan erT-erTi im moswavleTa mimarT mainc, romlebic, an saTanado SemTxvevebSi, romelTa ojaxebic iTxoven amas da romelTa raodenobac sakmarisad CaiTvleba. d) i. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon teqnikuri da profesiuli ganaTleba Sesabamis regonalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an ii. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon teqnikuri da profesiuli ganaTlebis arsebiTi nawili Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an iii. teqnikuri da profesiuli ganaTlebis sferoSi uzrunvelyon, rom Sesabamisi regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis swavleba iyos mecadineobaTa ganrigis Semadgeneli nawili; an iv. gamoiyenon zemo i-dan iii-mde qve-punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebidan erT-erTi im moswavleTa mimarT mainc, romlebic, an saTanado SemTxvevebSi, romelTa ojaxebic iTxoven amas da romelTa raodenobac sakmarisad CaiTvleba. e) i. xelmisawvdomi gaxadon sauniversiteto da sxva saxis umaRlesi ganaTleba Sesabamis regionalur Tu umciresobaTa enebze; an ii. uzrunvelyon saSualebebi am enebis Sesaswavlad universitetis an umaRlesi ganaTlebis erT-erTi sagnis formiT; iii. Tuki umaRlesi ganaTlebis institutebis mimarT saxelmwifos rolis mizeziT ver moxerxdeba i da ii qve-punqtebis ganxorcieleba, waaxalison da/an neba darTon regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze sauniversiteto da sxva formis umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebis an am enebis sauniversiteto an umaRlesi ganaTlebis sagnebad swavlebis SesaZlebobebis uzrunvelyofas; v) i. miiRon zomebi mozrdilTaTvis da ganaTlebis gagrZelebisaTvis kursebis Casatareblad, romlebSic swavleba mTlianad an nawilobriv ganxorcieldeba regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; ii. uzrunvelyon, rom aseTi enebi iyos mozrdilTa da gangrZobiTi ganaTlebis sagnebi, an;
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iii. Tu xelisuflebis organoebs pirdapiri kompetencia ara aqvT mozrdilTa ganaTlebis sferoSi, xeli Seuwyon da waaxalison, rom aseTi enebi warmoadgendnen mozrdilTa da gangrZobiTi ganaTlebis disciplinebs. z) miiRon zomebi, rom uzrunvelyofili iqnas im istoriisa da kulturis swavleba, romelic asaxulia regionalur an umciresobis enaSi; T) uzrunvelyon maswavlebelTa ZiriTadi da Semdgomi profesiuli momzadeba, rac moiTxoveba im punqtebis gansaxorcieleblad, romlebic miRebulni arian mxaris mier a-dan g-mde punqtebs Soris. i) Seqmnan sazedamxedvelo organo an organoebi, romlebic pasuxismgebelni iqnebian regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis swavlebis SemoRebisa da ganviTarebis sferoSi moRweuli progresis monitoringze da maT mier mokvleuli Sedegebis Sesaxeb peroduli moxsenebebis Sedgenaze, romlebic SemdgomSi sajarod gamoqveyndebian. 2. rac Seexeba ganaTlebas im teritoriebze, sadac tradiciulad ar gamoiyenebian regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben neba darTon, waaxalison an uzrunvelyon regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze an am enebis swavleba ganaTlebis yvela Sesabamis safexurze, Tu regionalur an umciresobis enaze molaparakeTa raodenoba amas amarTlebs. muxli 9 - sasamarTlo organoebi 1. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, im sasamarTlo olqebis mimarT, sadac mcxovrebTa raodenoba, romlebic iyeneben regionalur an umciresobaTa enebs, amarTlebs qvemoT gansazRvruli zomebis miRebas am enaTagan TiToeulis mdgomareobis Sesabamisad da im pirobiT, rom winamdebare punqtiT uzrunvelyofili SeRavaTebi mosamarTlis mier ar unda ganixilebodes iseTebad, romlebic abrkoleben marTlmsajulebis saTanadod ganxorcielebas: a) sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi: i. uzrunvelyon, rom sasamarTloebi erT-erTi mxaris TxovniT axorcielebdnen samarTalwarmoebas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; da/an ii. braldebulisaTvis uzrunvelyon misi regionaluri an umciresobis enis gamoyenebis ufleba; da/an iii. uzrunvelyon, rom werilobiTi Tu zepiri Txovnebi da mtkicebulebebi ar ganixilebodnen miuReblad mxolod im safuZvelze, rom isini formulirebulni arian regionalur an umciresobaTa enaze; da/an iv. Txovnis safuZvelze awarmoon samarTalwarmoebasTan dakavSirebuli dokumentebi Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, TarjimanTa da mTargmnelTa gamoyenebiT Sesabamis pirebze zedmeti xarjebis dakisrebis gareSe; b) samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebaSi: i. uzrunvelyon, rom sasamarTloebi erT-erTi mxaris TxovniT axorcielebdnen samarTalwarmoebas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; da/an ii. neba darTon, rom samarTalwarmoebis monawilis sasamarTloSi piradad gamocxadebisas, mas SeeZlos misi regionaluri an umciresobis enis gamoyeneba misTvis damatebiTi xarjebis dakisrebis gareSe; da/an iii. neba darTon, rom moxdes dokumentebisa da mtkicebulebebis warmoeba regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi TarjimanTa da mTargmnelTa gamoyenebiT; g) administraciul sakiTxebze samarTalwarmoebaSi:
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i. uzrunvelyon, rom sasamarTloebma erT-erTi mxaris TxovniT ganaxorcielon samarTalwarmoeba regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; da/an ii. neba darTon, rom samarTalwarmoebis monawilis sasamarTloSi piradad gamocxadebisas mas SeeZlos misi regionaluri an umciresobis enis gamoyeneba misTvis damatebiTi xarjebis dakisrebis gareSe; da/an iii. neba darTon, rom moxdes dokumentebisa da mtkicebulebebis warmoeba regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, TarjimanTa da mTargmnelTa gamoyenebiT; d) gadadgan nabijebi, raTa uzrunvelyon, rom zemo a da b punqtebis i da iii qvepunqtebisa da TarjimanTa da mTargmnelTa nebismier aucilebel gamoyenebas Sedegad ar mohyves damatebiTi xarjebis dakisreba Sesabamis pirebze. 2. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben: a) ar uaryon saxelmwifoSi momzadebul sasamarTlo dokumentTa iuridiuli Zala mxolod imis gamo, rom, isini Sedgenilni arian regionalur an umciresobis enaze; an b) mxareebma TavianT Soris urTierTobebSi ar uaryon momzadebul sasamarTlo dokumentTa iuridiuli Zala mxolod imis gamo, rom isini Sedgenilni arian regionalur an umciresobis enaze da uzrunvelyon, rom maTi gamoyeneba SesaZlebeli iyos mesame mxareTa winaaRmdeg, romlebic ar iyeneben am enebs, im pirobiT, rom dokumentebis Sinaarsi unda gaecnoT maT im pirebis mier, romlebic moixmoben am dokuments; an g) mxareebma TavianT Soris urTierTobebSi ar uaryon qveyanaSi momzadebul sasamarTlo dokumentTa iuridiuli Zala, mxolod im safuZvelze, rom isini Sedgenilni arian regionalur an umciresobis enaze. 3. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben xelmisawvdomi gaxadon regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze yvelaze mniSvnelovani erovnuli sakanonmdeblo teqstebi da kerZod, isini, romlebic exebian am enebze molaparakeebs, Tuki am teqstebis mier sxva ram ar aris dadgenili. muxli 10 - xelisuflebis administraciuli organoebi da saxelmwifo samsaxurebi 1. saxelmwifos im administraciul raionebSi, sadac cxovrobs regionaluri an umciresobebis enebze molaparake mosaxleobis iseTi sakmarisi raodenoba, romelic amarTlebs qvemoT gansazRvruli zomebis miRebas, da TiToeuli enis mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, im zomiT, riTac es obieqturad SesaZlebeli iqneba: a) i. uzrunvelyon, rom xelisuflebis administraciulma erTeulebma gamoiyenon regionaluri an umciresobebis enebi; an ii. uzrunvelyon, rom am organoTa moxeleebma, romlebic kontaqtSi Sedian sazogadoebasTan, gamoiyenon regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi im pirebTan urTierTobebSi, romlebic mimarTaven maT am enebze; an iii. uzrunvelyon, rom regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeebs SeZloT werilobiTi an zepiri mimarTvebis wardgena da am enebze Sedgenili pasuxebis miReba; iv. uzrunvelyon, rom regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeebs SeeZloT am enebze Sedgenili werilobiTi an zepiri mimarTvebis wardgena; an v. uzrunvelyon, rom regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeebs SeeZloT am enebze Sedgenili dokumentis wardgena dadgenili wesiT;
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b) xelmisawvdomi gaxadon farTod gamoyenebuli administraciuli teqstebi da formebi regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze an orenovani versiebiT; g) neba darTon xelisuflebis administraciul organoebs Seadginon dokumentebi regionalur an umciresobis enaze. 2. xelisuflebis im adgilobriv da regionalur organoTa mimarT, romelTa teritoriazec mosaxleobis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeTa raodenoba iseTia, rom amarTlebs qvemoT gansazRvruli zomebis miRebas, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben neba darTon da/an waaxalison: a) regionalur an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyeneba xelisuflebis regionaluri an adgilobrivi organoebis saqmianobis farglebSi; b) regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeTa SesaZlebloba waradginon am enebze Sedgenili zepiri an werilobiTi mimarTvebi; g) xelisuflebis regionaluri organoebis mier maTi oficialuri dokumentebis gamoqveyneba Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebzec; d) xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebis mier maTi oficialuri dokumentebis gamoqveyneba Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobaTa enebzec; e) xelisuflebis regionaluri organoebis mier maT Sekrebebze gamarTuli ganxilvebisas regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyeneba, amasTan, saxelmwifos oficialuri enis (enebis) gamoyenebis gamoricxvis gareSe; v) xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebis mier maT Sekrebebze gamarTuli ganxilvebisas regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyeneba, amasTan, saxelmwifos oficialuri enis (enebis) gamoyenebis gamoricxvis gareSe; z) aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, oficialur enaze (enebze) saxelebTan erTad regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze adgilebis saxelwodebaTa tradiciuli da swori formebis gamoyeneba da miReba. 3. xelisuflebis administraciuli organoebis an maTi saxeliT moqmedi pirebis mier uzrunvelyofili saxelmwifo samsaxurebis mimarT, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, maTi teritoriis farglebSi, sadac gamoiyenebian regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi, TiToeuli enis mdgomareobis Sesabamisad da im zomiT, riTac es obieqturad SesaZlebeli iqneba: a) uzrunvelyon regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyeneba samsaxuris uzrunvelyofisas; an b) neba darTon regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeebs waradginon Txovna da miiRon pasuxi am enebze; an g) neba darTon regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeebs waradginon am enebze Sedgenili Txovna. 4. 1-li, me-2 da me-3 punqtebidan maT mier miRebuli debulebebis asamoqmedeblad mxareebi valdebulebas iReben miiRon Semdegi erTi an meti zoma: a) gadaTargmna an Tarjimnoba, rodesac es moiTxoveba; b) saTanado moxeleTa dasaqmeba saxelmwifo samsaxurSi da aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, maTi da sxva saxelmwifo moxeleTa profesiuli momzadeba; g) regionaluri an umciresobis enis mcodne saxelmwifo samsaxuris moxeleTa Txovnebis maqsimalurad dakmayofileba maTi im teritoriaze daniSvnasTan dakavSirebiT, sadac gamoiyeneba Sesabamisi ena. 5. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben neba darTon gvarebis gamoyenebasa da miRebas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze, Sesabamisi pirebis Txovnis safuZvelze. muxli 11 – masmedia 1. mxarebi valdebulebas iReben regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeebisaTvis, im teritoriebze, sadac gamoiyeneba es enebi, TiToeuli
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enis mdgomareobis Sesabamisad da im zomiT, riTac xelisuflebis organoebi pirdapir an arapirdapir kompetenturni arian da aqvT am sferoSi rolis Sesrulebis uflebamosileba, masmediis damoukideblobisa da avtonomiis principis pativiscemiT: a) im zomiT, riTac radio da televizia axorcieleben saxelmwifo samsaxuris funqciebs: i. uzrunvelyon Tundac erTi radio sadgurisa da satelevizio arxis Seqmna regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an ii. waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon Tundac erTi radio sadgurisa da erTi satelevizio arxis Seqmnas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an iii. saTanadod uzrunvelyon, rom tele-radio mauwyeblobam warmoadginos programebi regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; b) i. waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon Tundac erTi radio sadgurisa da erTi satelevizio arxis Seqmnas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; an ii. waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon radio programebis mauwyeblobas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze regularul safuZvelze; g) i. waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon Tundac erTi sarelevizio arxis Seqmnas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze; ii. waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon satelevizio programebis mauwyeblobas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze regularul safuZvelze; d) waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze audio daaudiovizualuri naSromebis warmoebas da distribucias; e) i. waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze Tundac erTi gazeTis Seqmnas da/an SenarCunebas; an ii. waaxalison da/an xeli Seuwyon sagazeTo statiebis gamoqveynebas regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze regularul safuZvelze; v) i. dafaron im masmediis damatebiTi xarjebi, romlebic iyeneben regionalur an umciresobaTa enebs, rodesac kanoniT zogadad uzrunvelyofilia masmediis finansuri daxmareba; an ii. gamoiyenon finansuri daxmarebis arsebuli zomebi regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze Seqmnili audiovizualuri nawarmoebebis mimarTac. z) mxari dauWiron im JurnalistTa da masmediis sxva moxeleTa profesiul momzadebas, romlebic iyeneben regionalur an umciresobaTa enebs. 2. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben uzrunvelyon mezobeli qveynebidan im enaze radio da telemauwyeblobis pirdapiri miRebis Tavisufleba, romelic gamoiyeneba regionaluri an umciresobis enis identuri an msgavsi formiT da ar daabrkolon radio da satelevizio mauwyeblobis gadmocema mezobeli qveynebidan aseT enaze. amas garda, isini valdebulebas iReben uzrunvelyon, rom SezRudvebi ar iqnas dawesebuli gamoxatvis Tavisuflebaze da beWdviTi presis meSveobiT informaciis Tavisufal cirkulaciaze im enaze, romelic gamoiyeneba regionaluri an umciresobis enis identuri am msgavsi formiT. Zemoxsenebuli Tavisuflebebis ganxorcieleba, imis gamo, rom igi Seicavs movaleobebsa da pasuxismgeblobas, SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros iseT formalobebs, pirobebs, SezRudvebs an sanqciebs, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulni arian kanoniT da aucilebelni arian demokratiul sazogadoebaSi erovnuli uSiSroebis, teritoriuli mTlianobis an sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis interesebidan gamomdinare uwesrigobis an danaSaulis prevenciisaTvis, janmrTelobisa da moralis da sxvaTa
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uflebebisa da reputaciis dacvisaTvis, konfidencialurad miRebuli informciis gamJRavnebis Tavidan asacileblad, an sasamarTlos xelisuflebisa da miukerZoeblobis SesanarCuneblad. 3. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben uzrunvelyon, rom regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze molaparakeTa interesebi warmodgenilni iqnan an mxedvelobaSi iqnan miRebulni im organoebis mier, romlebic SeiZleba Seiqmnan kanonis Sesabamisad masmediis Tavisuflebisa da pluralizmis uzrunvelsayofad. muxli 12 - kulturuli saqmianoba da saSualebebi 1. kulturuli saqmianobisa da obieqtebis, gansakuTrebiT, biblioTekebis, videoTekebis, kulturuli centrebis, muzeumebis, arqivebis, akademiebis, Teatrebisa da kinoTeatrebis, iseve rogorc literaturuli nawarmoebebisa da kinomatografiuli produqciis, xalxuri Semoqmedebis, festivalebisa da kulturis dargebis mimarT, romlebic, inter alia, moicaven axali teqnologiebis gamoyenebas, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, rom im teritoriebze sadac gamoiyenebian aseTi enebi da im zomiT, riTac saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebikompetenturni arian da aqvT uflebamosileba an asruleben rols am sferoSi: a) waaxalison regionaluri an umciresobis enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli TviTgamoxatvis saSualebebi da iniciativebi da mxari dauWiron am enebze Seqmnili nawarmoebebisadmi xelmisawvdomebis sxvadasxva saSualebebs; b) waaxalison regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze Seqmnili naSromebisadmi xelmisawvdomoba sxva enebSi saTargmano, dublirebis, post-sinqronizaciisa da subtitrirebis saqmianobisaTvis daxmarebis gawevis gziT; g) waaxalison sxva enebze Seqmnili nawarmoebebisadmi xelmisawvdomoba regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze mTargmnelobiTi, dublirebis, post-sinqronizaciisa da subtitrirebis saqmianobisaTvis daxmarebis gawevis gziT; d) uzrunvelyon, rom sxvadasxva saxis kulturuli saqmianobis organizaciisa da mxardaWerisaTvis pasuxismgebelma organoebma daaweson Sesabamisi anazRaureba regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebisa da kulturis codnisa da gamoyenebisaTvis im RonisZiebebSi, romlebsac isini wamoiwyeben an romlebisTvisac isini uzrunvelyofen mxardaWeras; e) xeli Seuwyon im zomebs, romlebic miznad isaxaven rom, kulturuli saqmianobis organizaciisa da mxardaWerisaTvis pasuxismgebel organoebs hyavdeT iseTi personali, romelic srulad flobs Sesabamis regionalur an umciresobis enas, iseve rogorc, mosaxleobis danarCeni nawilis enas (enebs); v) waaxalison regionaluri an umcireobis enaze molaparakeTa warmomadgenlis monawileoba kulturuli saqmianobisaTvis saSualebebis uzrunvelyofaSi da maT dagegmvaSi; z) waaxalison da/an mxari dauWiron iseTi organos an organoebis Seqmnas, romlebic pasuxismgebelni iqnebian regionalur an umciresobaTa enebze Seqmnili nawarmoebebis Sekrebaze, aslis Senaxvasa da warmodgenaze an gamoqveynebaze; T) aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, Seqmnan da/an xeli Seuwyon da daafinanson mTargmnelobiTi da terminologiis kvleviTi samsaxurebi, kerZod im mizniT, rom SenarCunebuli iqnas da ganviTardes Sesabamisi administraciuli, komerciuli, ekonomikuri, socialuri, teqnikuri an samarTlebrivi terminologia TiToeul regionalur an umciresobis enaSi. 2. im teritoriebis mimarT, imaT garda, sadac tradiciulad gamoiyenebian regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi, Tuki regionalur an umciresobis enaze
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molaparakeTa raodenoba amas amarTlebs, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben neba darTon, waaxalison da/an uzrunvelyon Sesabamisi kulturuli saqmianoba da saSualebebi wina punqtis Sesabamisad. 3. mxareebi valdebulebas iReben kulturis sferoSi maTi politikis sazRvargareT ganxorcielebisas, saTando yuradReba miaqcion regionalur da umciresobaTa enebs da im kulturas, romlis gamoxatulebac isini arian. muxli 13 - ekonomikuri da socialuri cxovreba 1. ekonomikuri da socialuri saqmianobis mimarT, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, mTeli qveynis masStabiT: a) aRmofxvran maTi kanonmdeblobidan nebismieri debuleba, romelic gasamarTlebeli mizezebis gareSe krZalavs an zRudavs regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebas dokumentebSi, romlebic exebian ekonomikur an socialur cxovrebas, kerZod SromiT kontraqtebs, da aseve, teqnikur dokumentebSi, iseTebSi rogoricaa produqtebis an aRWurvilobis gamoyenebis instruqciebi; b) akrZalon kompaniaTa Sida regulaciebsa da kerZo dokumentebSi iseTi debulebebis CarTva, romlebic gamoricxaven an zRudaven regionalur an umciresobebis enaTa gamoyenebas, sul mcire am enaze molaparakeebs Soris; g) ar dauSvan iseTi praqtika, romelic miznad isaxavs regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebis Seferxebas ekonomikur an socialur saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT; d) xeli Seuwyon da/an waaxalison regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyeneba sxva saSualebebiT, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulni ar arian zemo qve-punqtebiT. 2. ekonomikuri da socialuri saqmianobis mimarT, mxareebi valdebulebas iReben, im zomiT, riTac saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebi kompetenturni arian, im teritoriebze, sadac gamoiyenebian regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebi da imdenad, ramdenadac es obieqturad mizanSewonilia: a) CarTon maT safinanso da sabanko regulaciebSi debulebebi, romlebic komerciul praqtikasTan SesabamisobaSi myofi procedurebis saSualebiT, darTaven nebas regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebas gadaxdis orderebis (Cekebi, veqselebi) an sxva finansuri dokumentebis SedgenaSi, an Sesabamis SemTxvevebSi, uzrunvelyon aseTi debulebebis ganxorcieleba; b) maTi kontrolis (saxelmwifo seqtoris) qveS myof ekonomikur da socialur seqtorSi organizeba gauwion iseT saqmianobas, romelic miznad isaxavs regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis gamoyenebis waxalisebas; g) uzrunvelyon, rom socialuri sferos obieqtebs, iseTebs rogorebicaa saavadmyofoebi, moxucebulTa saxlebi, TavSesafrebi, SeeZloT regionalur an umciresobis enaze molaparake im pirebis miReba da maTTan urTierToba amave enaze, romlebsac esaWiroebaT movla avadmyofobis, asakis an sxva mizezebis gamo; d) Sesabamisi saSualebebiT uzrunvelyon, rom usafrTxoebis instruqciebi Sedgenili iyos regionalur an umciresobaTa enebzec; e) uzrunvelyon, rom momxmarebelTa uflebebze saxelmwifos kompetenturi xelisuflebis organoebis mier mowodebuli informacia xelmisawvdomi iyos regionalur da umciresobaTa enebze.
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muxli 14 - sazRvarTSorisi gacvlebi mxareebi valdebulebas iReben: a) gamoiyenon arsebuli ormxrivi da mravalmxrivi SeTanxmebebi, romlebic maT akavSirebT im saxelmwifoebTan, sadac igive ena gamoiyeneba identuri an msgavsi formiT, an aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, ecadon dadon aseTi SeTanxmebebi, imgvarad, rom waaxalison kontaqtebi erTsa da imave enaze molaparakeTa Soris Sesabamis saxelmwifoebSi kulturis, ganaTlebis, informaciis, profesiuli momzadebisa da Seuwyveteli ganaTlebis sferoebSi; b) regionaluri an umciresobaTa enebis sasargeblod xeli Seuwyon da/an waaxalison transsasazRvro TanamSromloba, kerZod, xelisuflebis regionalur an adgilobriv organoebs Soris, romelTa teritoriebzec erTi da igive ena gamoiyeneba identuri an msgavsi formiT. nawili IV qartiis gamoyeneba muxli 15 - perioduli moxsenebebi 1. mxareebi evropis sabWos generalur mdivans ministrTa komitetis mier gansazRvruli formiT warudgenen moxsenebas am qartiis II nawilis Sesabamisad maT mier gatarebuli politikis da III nawilis maT mier miRebul debulebaTa Sesabamisad ganxorcielebuli zomebis Sesaxeb. pirveli moxsenebis wardgena moxdeba Sesabamisi mxaris mimarT am qartiis ZalaSi Sesvlidan erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, xolo Semdegi moxsenebebis wardgena moxdeba samwliani intervalebiT pirveli moxsenebis Semdeg. 2. mxareebi gamoaqveyneben Tavian moxsenebebs. muxli 16 - moxsenebebis ganxilva 1. evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnisaTvis me-15 muxlis Sesabamisad wardgenili moxsenebebis Semowmeba moxdeba me-17 muxlis Sesabamisad Seqmnili eqspertTa komitetis mier. 2. xelSemkvrel saxelmwifoSi kanonierad Seqmnil organoebsa da asociaciebs SeuZliaT miapyron eqspertTa komitetis yuradReba im sakiTxebze, romlebic exebian mxaris mier am qartiis III nawilis Sesabamisad aRebul valdebulebebs. Sesabamis mxaresTan konsultaciebis gamarTvis Semdeg, eqspertTa komitets SeuZlia mxedvelobaSi miiRos informacia qvemo me-3 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli moxsenebis momzadebisas. am organoebs an asociaciebs SeuZliaT SemdgomSic warmoadginon gancxadebebi mxaris mier II Tavis Sesabamisad gatarebuli politikis Sesaxeb. 3. 1-l punqtSi gansazRvruli moxsenebebisa da me-2 punqtSi moxseniebuli informaciis safuZvelze, eqspertTa komiteti moamzadebs moxsenebas ministrTa komitetisaTvis warsadgenad. 4. me-3 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli moxseneba, kerZod, Seicavs eqspertTa komitetis winadadebebs ministrTa komitetis mimarT am ukanasknelis mier Sesabamisi erTi an meti mxaris mimarT sitauaciiT moTxovnili rekomendaciebis momzadebis Taobaze. 5. evropis sabWos generaluri mdivani yovel or weliwadSi gaakeTebs detalur moxsenebas saparlamento asambleaze am qartiis gamoyenebis Taobaze.
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muxli 17 - eqspertTa komiteti 1. eqspertTa komiteti Sedgeba TiToeuli mxaris TiTo warmomadgenlisagan, romlebsac niSnavs ministrTa komiteti Sesabamisi mxaris mier wardgenili umaRlesi moraluri Tvisebebisa da qartiiT mocul sakiTxebSi aRiarebuli kompetenciis mqone pirTagan Semdgari siidan. 2. komitetis wevrebi iniSnebian eqvsi wlis vadiT da SesaZlebeli iqneba maTi xelaxali daniSvna. wevri, romelic ver SeZlebs samsaxuris vadis gasrulebas, Seicvleba 1-li punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli proceduris Sesabamisad da Semcvleli wevri imsaxurebs mis mier Secvlili wevris uflebamosilebis vadis amowurvamde. 3. eqspertTa komiteti miiRebs Tavis reglaments. misi samdivnoTi momsaxureba uzrunvelyofili iqneba evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnis mier. nawili V daskvniTi debulebebi muxli 18 es qartia Riaa xelmosawerad evropis sabWos wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis. igi eqvemdebareba ratificirebas, miRebas an damtkicebas. saratifikacio, miRebis an damtkicebis sigelebis deponireba xdeba evropis sabWos generalur mdivanTan. muxli 19 1. es qartia ZalaSi Sedis im Tvis pirvel dRes, romelic mosdevs samTviani vadis amowurvas TariRidan, rodesac evropis sabWos xuTi wevri saxelmwifo me-18 muxlis debulebebis Sesabamisad gamoTqvams Tavis Tanxmobas iyos valdebuli qartiiT. 2. nebismieri sxva wevri saxelmwifos mimarT, romelic SemdgomSi gamoTqvams Tavis Tanxmobas iyos valdebuli misiT, qartia ZalaSi Sedis im Tvis pirvel dRes, romelic mosdevs samTviani vadis amowurvas saratifikacio, miRebis an damtkicebis sigelis deponirebis TariRidan. muxli 20 1. am qartiis ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, evropis sabWos ministrTa komitets SeuZlia miiwvios evropis sabWos arawevri saxelmwifo miuerTdes am qartias. 2. nebismieri mierTebuli saxelmwifos mimarT, qartia ZalaSi Sedis im Tvis pirvel dRes, romelic mosdevs samTviani vadis amowurvas mierTebis sigelis evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnisaTvis Cabarebis TariRidan. muxli 21 1. nebismier mxares, xelmoweris an misi saratifikacio, miRebis, damtkicebis an mierTebis sigelis Sesanaxad Cabarebisas, SeuZlia gaakeTos erTi an meti daTqma am qartiis me-7 muxlis me-2-dan me-5-mde punqtebis mimarT. dauSvebelia sxva daTqmebis gakeTeba. 2. nebismier xelSemkvrel saxelmwifos, romelmac gaakeTa daTqma wina punqtis Sesabamisad, SeuZlia mTlianad an nawilobriv gamoiTxovos igi evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnis saxelze gakeTebuli Setyobinebis saSualebiT. ukan
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gamoTxova ZalaSi Sedis generaluri mdinis mier Setyobinebis miRebis TariRidan. muxli 22 1. nebismier mxares nebismier dros SeuZlia moaxdinos am qartiis denonsacia evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnis saxelze gakeTebuli Setyobinebis saSualebiT. 2. aseTi denonsacia ZalaSi Sedis im Tvis pirvel dRes, romelic mosdevs eqvsTviani vadis amowurvas generaluri mdivnis mier Setyobinebis miRebis TariRidan. muxli 23 evropis sabWos generaluri mdivani acnobebs evropis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoebs da nebismier saxelmwifos, romelic miuerTdeba am qartias: a) nebismieri xelmoweris Sesaxeb; b) nebismieri saratifikacio, miRebis, damtkicebis an mierTebis sigelis Sesanaxad Cabarebis Sesaxeb; g) me-19 da me-20 muxlebis Sesabamisad am qartiis ZalaSi Sesvlis nebismieri TariRis Sesaxeb; d) me-3 muxlis me-2 punqtis debulebebis gamoyenebisas miRebuli nebismieri Setyobinebis Sesaxeb; e) nebismieri sxva aqtis, Setyobinebis an komunikaciis Sesaxeb, romelic exeba am qartias. amis dasturad, qvemore xelmomwerebma, romlebic saTanadod iyvnen rwmunebulni, xeli moaweres winamdebare qartias. Sesrulebulia strasburgSi 1992 wlis noembris me-5 dRes inglisur da frangul enebze, orive teqsti aris Tanabrad auTenturi Sedgenili TiTo egzemplarad, romelic inaxeba evropis sabWos arqivebSi. evropis sabWos generaluri mdivani gadascems damowmebul aslebs evropis sabWos TiToeul wevr saxelmwifos da nebismier saxelmwifos, romelic miwveulia miuerTdes am qartias.