Post on 03-Apr-2018
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Sean Deinert, Director of Technical OperationsSean Hodges, Senior Spatial Analyst
Jay Clark, Roads Product ManagerGDM International Services, Inc. - Middleburg, VA
LTC2013
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Catalhyk, Turkey 6200 BCMap of Babylon ca. 900 BCMediterranean Sea Chart 1320 ADDutch Map of the World 1689 ADNew Orleans East USGS Quadrangle Map 1992
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Collection takes time
Production takes time
Updating is outpaced by real change
Inconsistent updating leads to inconsistencies
Costs to update outweigh benefit of the update
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As lines cross map boundaries they do not meet their counterpart on the next map.
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USGS maps are comprised of seven framework themes (water, elevation,
transportation, boundaries, benchmarks, vegetation, and structures). USGS did not
update all themes simultaneously. On this map, USGS has not updated the
hypsography theme. So, the old elevation contours (brown) lie in the updated water
(blue). The thick red lines show the photo-revised shoreline and other water features
from the 2004 orthophotos.
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The yellow lines are where best-available digital data show the land-water boundary.
The image is post hurricane orthophotography. Neither match the maps.
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AL
AK
TX
MS
Map Age as of February 2013
5 - 9 Years 14 Quads (2%)
10 - 14 Years 149 Quads (17%)
15 - 19 Years 167 Quads (19%)
20 - 24 Years 212 Quads (24%)
25 - 29 Years 104 Quads (12%)
30+ Years 233 Quads (26%)
DOTD Revised
Age of USGS 7.5-Minute Quadrangle Map Series in Louisiana
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All paper maps are 5 years or older
98% of paper maps are 10 years or older
81% of paper maps are 15 years or older
62% of paper maps are 20 years or older 38% of paper maps are 25 years or older
The Catahoula Quad is 113 years old!
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1928Act 159 of 1928 establishes topographic mapping authority
2000The USGS ceases Topographic Map Program
2002The National Map becomes USGS mapping priority
2007USGS announced that it had no further work to complete in Louisiana
Aug. 2007DOTD partners with GDM International Services Inc to provide
topographic mapping services for the State.
2007 - The Louisiana Seamless GIS Basemap Project begins with 4 main goals:
Denote and acquire best available digital data from Local, State, and Federal sources
Assess, revise, and compile sources into Seamless GIS Basemap
Update National Hydrography Dataset watershed within project area
Create USGS-like Topographic Maps for distribution
2010Act 782 of 2010 establishes La. R. S. 48:36 Topographic Mapping
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Develop and maintain a statewide digital geospatial database
Act as authority for geographic names
Set standards for the mapping of topographic features
Plan and manage data collection for incorporation into a
statewide database
Promulgate rules and regulations as are necessary for theplanning and managing of the geospatial data.
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Support the geospatial information and technologyrequirements of LADOTD, Louisiana, and all other GIS users
Meet the AAAAA Data Standard
Accurate
Authoritative
Actionable
Accessible
Affordable
Establish and implement geospatial data standards, providedata access, management, and distribution
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Factor Contribution to Data Quality
Accurate The data adequately represents the state of the world in
space and time. Locations have sufficient precision for
their scale of use and data are current.
Authoritative The source of the data provides sufficient quality controlto ensure its veracity and reliability.
Actionable The data are well documented with metadata, require little
further assessment or manipulation, and can be put to
immediate use.
Accessible The data are discoverable and available through directdownload or Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Data
can be searched directly, selected, and accessed without
intervention by its provider.
Affordable The data can be accessed with little or no cost to the user.
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Lakeshore Drive, Baton Rouge 1998Lakeshore Drive, Baton Rouge 2004Lakeshore Drive, Baton Rouge 2005Lakeshore Drive, Baton Rouge 2008Lakeshore Drive, Baton Rouge 2010
1:1,000 scale
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BLM, Census, State Data
Orthophotography
LiDAR
USGS NHD
Census, State Data
BLM, Census, State Data
USGS Quads, DOQQ
GNIS, Local Data
Traditional Basemap
Sources
Land Use
Vegetation
Contours
Hydrography
Transportation
Boundaries
Structures
Annotation
LA Seamless
Database
New Digital
Database Format
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1998 Lower Vacherie Quad
USGS 7.5 Quadrangle
Features marked
Street locations
Building locations
What kind of school?
What type of student body?
Where is the school located?
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2009 Lower Vacherie Quad
LA DOTD 7.5 Quadrangle
Features marked
Street locations
Building locations
Lower Vacherie Elementary School
Public, Pre-K - 8
13440 Highway 644, Vacherie, LA
Julie Dauzat, Principal
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CartographicRepresentation Fixed. Data interpreted by a cartographer for presentation at asingle scale.
Boundary Designed to a particular presentation and end at an edge. Creates
edge-matching issues. Paper maps dont match because of thematic
and temporal differences.
Content Fixed. Contents cannot change with time or be varied by the user fortheir purpose. Updating requires complete revision. Map revisions
are not always vertically integrated.
Presentation Fixed. Only information presented on the map is available through
symbology and labeling. No additional information is available to
the user. What you see is what you get.WYSIWYG.
Storage and Retrieval Take up a large volume of physical space. Susceptible to damage and
deterioration. Retrieval requires physical location, removal, and
transport of the media.
Field Use Do not require electricity. Can be easily marked up. Can be
weather-proofed.
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CartographicRepresentation GIS data are stored as actual geometric features, but can be placedon the map using various cartographic representations, based on data .
Boundary Digital maps can utilize actual, surveyed, legal boundary data. The
data are seamless and represent the boundary and the area it
contains.
Content Dynamic. Digital data can contain much more information than is
displayed. All of that information is remains available to the user forsearches, alternate presentations, and geoprocessing.
Presentation Dynamic. Multiple fields of data can be used to present a map in
different ways, at the users discretion. Digital maps can be stored and
presented via different mediums; print, web maps, mobile devices, etc.
Storage and Retrieval An entire atlas can be stored on a thumb drive. A single geodatabasecan contain all map elements and can provide them seamlessly to
anyone. Data are searchable and can be transported electronically.
Field Use Data can be brought into the field on mobile devices or pushed to
remote users over a network or wirelessly. User maintains access to the
data and their GIS tools, to use it. However, all this requires equipment
and electricity that are not always available in the field.
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Red features are from the NHD. Orange polygons are areas represented by NOAA as land in
1940 (most current data). These are now open water in the NHD.
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First Coastal Louisiana experience Pass Manchac
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Old methods
60,000+ features revised
8 months+ to update and revise
Manual table generation
New Methods
31,000+ features revised
~5 months to update and revise Automated table generation
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MS
TX
AL
AR Status as of February 2013
Complete
Conflation Not Started
In Process
Revision Status of Watersheds in Louisiana
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What does a high rate of foreclosures tell us? It may tell us that an area is overpriced, or needs help bringing new
financing options to entice homebuyers.
Areas high in foreclosures or other vacancies may be areas to monitor
more closely, in an effort to reduce potential crime.
If the local economy is struggling, where can we best focus our resources?
Foreclosures tend to be in disrepair. Poor curb presence decreases
property values around the foreclosures themselves, further creating
problems. Lower property values = Economic stagnation.
Agencies involved:
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Which areas are still to be rebuilt? What problems exist? Potential crime
Losing ground, and its effects:
Agencies involved:
Health hazards
Hurting industry
Affect the natural ecosystem of the State
Affect transportation routes, and State economy as a result
Loss of land invites further disaster
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The Basemap Outdated basemaps are not doing anyone any favors. The maps are
decades beyond their usefulness and need to be supplanted with newer
technology
Converting traditional paper-based maps to computer-based GIS makes
sense, both financially and in terms of potential usefulness
GIS seamless databases give us the opportunity to be freed from the
grips of the traditional quad map
Enhancements
Using data that your agencies are already collecting, we can incorporatethem into the new basemap and create new analyses
By combining information between agencies we can save TIME and
MONEY
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Airport
Boundaries
Roads
Water
(NHD)
Rails
Elevation
Places
Land Use
Structures
Trail
Events
Raster Cache
Background Imagery
or Hill Shade
LRS Routes and Log miles
GPS PointsAddresses
Ports
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Combines "geo" (spatial data) with "database" (data
repository) to create a central data repository for spatial data
storage and management.
It will be used in desktop, server, or mobile environments and
allows us to store data in a central location for access andmanagement.
75% ESRI25% interfaces to other software.
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Find and display features based on common language queries
improved search interface
Geocoding for all geometries
Path finding between queried features
Point inPoly queries
Manages LRS as a type of address range and measures
Feature level metadatasource and assumed pedigree
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Editing
Databases
Published
Databases
C
o
n
t
r
ib
u
t
o
r
s
Periodic Updates
Of Certified Data
Us
e
r
s
Used by Data
Maintenance Process
Currently less developed
Used by All Others
Currently more developed
Local secure
storage
with WAN
access to
authorized
contributors
Published to Web
for client usage or
privately
published
to secure servers
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Division of
AdministrationChildren &
Family Services
Culture, Recreation
and Tourism
Economic
Development
Education
Environmental
Quality
Health &
Hospitals
Housing
Finance Agency
Louisiana Workforce
Commission
Natural
Resources
Corrections
PublicSafety
Revenue State Civil
Service
Transportation
& Development
Veterans
Affairs
Wildlife &
Fisheries
Agriculture &
Forestry
Insurance
Attorney
GeneralPublic
Service
State
Treasury
Coastal Protection and
Restoration Authority
http://gov.louisiana.gov/govdoahttp://www.dss.louisiana.gov/http://www.crt.louisiana.gov/http://led.louisiana.gov/http://www.deq.louisiana.gov/portal/http://www.dhh.louisiana.gov/http://www.lhfa.state.la.us/http://www.laworks.net/http://dnr.louisiana.gov/http://dps.louisiana.gov/http://www.civilservice.la.gov/index.asphttp://www.dotd.louisiana.gov/http://www.vetaffairs.la.gov/http://wlf.louisiana.gov/http://www.ldaf.louisiana.gov/http://www.ag.louisiana.gov/http://www.lpsc.louisiana.gov/http://coastal.la.gov/http://coastal.la.gov/http://coastal.la.gov/http://www.treasury.state.la.us/http://www.sos.louisiana.gov/http://www.lpsc.louisiana.gov/http://www.lpsc.louisiana.gov/http://www.ag.louisiana.gov/http://www.ag.louisiana.gov/http://www.ldi.louisiana.gov/http://www.ldaf.louisiana.gov/http://www.ldaf.louisiana.gov/http://wlf.louisiana.gov/http://wlf.louisiana.gov/http://www.vetaffairs.la.gov/http://www.vetaffairs.la.gov/http://www.dotd.louisiana.gov/http://www.dotd.louisiana.gov/http://www.dotd.louisiana.gov/http://www.dotd.louisiana.gov/http://www.civilservice.la.gov/index.asphttp://www.civilservice.la.gov/index.asphttp://revenue.louisiana.gov/http://dps.louisiana.gov/http://dps.louisiana.gov/http://www.doc.louisiana.gov/http://dnr.louisiana.gov/http://dnr.louisiana.gov/http://www.laworks.net/http://www.laworks.net/http://www.lhfa.state.la.us/http://www.lhfa.state.la.us/http://www.dhh.louisiana.gov/http://www.dhh.louisiana.gov/http://www.deq.louisiana.gov/portal/http://www.deq.louisiana.gov/portal/http://doe.louisiana.gov/lde/index.htmlhttp://led.louisiana.gov/http://led.louisiana.gov/http://www.crt.louisiana.gov/http://www.crt.louisiana.gov/http://www.dss.louisiana.gov/http://www.dss.louisiana.gov/http://gov.louisiana.gov/govdoahttp://gov.louisiana.gov/govdoa7/29/2019 S18_The Louisiana Quadrangle Map Series (1)
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Conflation is the process of matching features like streets
between data sets that were created at different times and
based on different levels of accuracy and precision.
There are 2 types of conflation
Geometric Conflation
Attribute Conflation
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Geometric conflation is a process that adds all unique
geometric features from multiple data sets into one data set.
For the Louisiana project we are using the State Base Map
Layer as the Target (parent) and 5 Candidates (children).
US Census TIGER data (2 files)
Acadian Ambulance (1 file)
Navteq (GOSHEP1 file)
TomTom ( commercial source 1 file)
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Using the State Base Map street features, the data is fit to the
state imagery using geometry database feature modeling
specifications (DBFM).
Correcting the geometry is called photo revision.
Only new features (those not already present in the State BM
data) will be used from the 4 candidates.
Although some software automation is possible, geometric
conflation is mostly a manual process.
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State Collected
Mobile GPS Breadcrumbs
3 & 6 CM aerial imagery
Matches breadcrumbs
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The single most important function of the database is to link
tabular and non-spatial information to locations (spatial data).
Its a significant IT task to make sure the infrastructure is in place
just to hold and share the tables.
Expectations for search capability are burned into almost
everyones daily life.
Slow, cumbersome query and search experiences will
discourage users.
Make Big Data into Small Data!!!
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When the geometric conflation is completed, attributes are
harvested from the input data sets and applied to the database
using a pre- determined data model.
Vendor NumAtts Comments
TIGER 8Names and addresses + links to US Census boundary and demographic data
NT 175Names + Alternate names + very rich transportation/navigation
content
BM 46Names +l links to TIGER + LRS + HPMS
AA 27Names + jurisdictions + basic routing - used in computer aided dispatch system
TT 97Names + Alt Names + transportation and
navigation
Total 353
After removal of duplicates and extraneous attributes the final
data model uses ~80 attributes
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A spatial join is completed that links the map objects to each
other by their location.
These sections of road are very close
to one another, and can be linked spatiallyby joining their IDs to the BM data.
The result is the ability to transfer attributes
between the data objects.
State Base Map
NTAA
TIGER
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Attributes are keyed to individual features by Universal Unique
Identifiers (UUID) for each feature in each data set.
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There is no magic 80/20 rule controls the process
80% of the work is automated
20% of the work is manual
20% of effort is automated
80% of effort is manual
2 to 3 year completion time statewide
Maintenance should begin on areas 1 year after completion
Using both commercial and public source data will build the
roads layer in the best way possible.
The quality of the data = the quality of decisions made with the
data.
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A spatially accurate statewide streets
database that contains rich attribution for:
Map Display
Feature location
Path Finding
Attribute data is linked to the new geometry
and preserves the States existing data
inventory. State data assets are used for
multiple attributes.
Road layer functionality is expanded for all
users.
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GDM International Services, Inc.Middleburg, VA