Recap: Vowels & Consonants

V – central “sound” of the syllableC – outer “shell” of the syllable

(C) V (C)(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)

Recap: Vowels & ConsonantsV – central “sound” of the syllableC – outer “shell” of the syllable

Syllabic ConsonantsV – central “sound” of the syllableC – outer “shell” of the syllable

buttonlittleteacher

LPD

Consonants

3 features:• Manner• Place• Voicing

How much constriction?plosive: completely blockedfricative: partly blocked

approximant: slightly hindered

nasalizationDoes the air flow through both the nose and the mouth, or just the mouth?

1 Manner of ArticulationConsonants: 3 phonetic features

affricate: plosive + fricative

2 Place of ArticulationConsonants: 3 phonetic features

Where in the mouth does the constriction occur?

What parts of the mouth are involved (lips, teeth, tongue, roof of the mouth)?

bilabiallabiodentaldentalalveolarpalatalvelarglottal

2 Place of ArticulationConsonants: 3 phonetic features

2 Place of ArticulationConsonants: 3 phonetic features

Plosives:bilabialalveolar

velar(palatal)

Consonants:plosives

The following slides were made using Daniel Currie Hall’s website athttp://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~danhall/phonetics/sammy.html

2 Place of ArticulationConsonants: 3 phonetic features

Plosives:bilabialalveolar

velar(palatal)

2 Place of ArticulationConsonants: 3 phonetic features

Plosives:bilabialalveolar

velar(palatal)

2 Place of ArticulationConsonants: 3 phonetic features

Plosives:bilabialalveolar

velar(palatal)

2 Place of ArticulationConsonants: 3 phonetic features

Plosives:bilabialalveolar

velar(palatal)

3 VoicingConsonants: 3 phonetic features

Are the vocal chords vibrating or not?

REMEMBER THE TERMSFORTIS and LENIS

(at least until the next slideshow)

Features:unvoicedbilabialstop

p

The six RP plosives

Features:voicedbilabialstop

b

The six RP plosives

Features:unvoicedalveolarstop

t

The six RP plosives

Features:voicedalveolarstop

d

The six RP plosives

Features:unvoicedvelarstop

k

The six RP plosives

Features:voicedvelarstop

g

The six RP plosives

bilabialalveolar

velar(palatal)

Recap: Plosives

labiodentaldentalalveolar

post-alveolarpalato-alveolar

Places of articulation: fricatives

Features:unvoicedbilabialstop

p

pipe

Features:voicedbilabialstop

b

baby

(Features:unvoicedbilabialfricative)

(Features:voicedbilabialfricative)

vamos

Features:unvoicedlabiodentalfricative

f

fine, life

Features:voicedlabiodentalfricative

v

very clever

Features:unvoiceddentalfricative

think

Features:voiceddentalfricative

ð

this

Features:unvoicedalveolarstop

t

tart

Features:voicedalveolarstop

d

did

Features:unvoicedalveolarfricative

s

sea

Features:voicedalveolarfricative

z

zero

Features:unvoicedpostalveolarfricative

she, pressure

Features:voicedpostalveolarfricative

measure

Features:unvoicedglottalfricative

h

home

Wells, under “Articulation”

f,v

f,v

,ð =þ

ð

Affricates

• There are no affricates in Icelandic, but if you’ve mastered the post-alveolar fricatives they should cause no problems

chess

Jess

fortis

lenis

Don’t forget to make a clear distinction between the fortis and lenis forms:

rich - ridge larch – largesearch – surge

• not only with the voicing of , • but also by clipping caused by

Affricates

SIBILANTS

sea ship zero measure church judge

sea ship zero measure church judge

sí sjipp seró mesjúr tsörts dsöds

Problems with sibilants

• Icelandic has only 1 sibilant:

• English has 4:

and two afficates:

Problems with sibilants

• Spelling is a poor indication of which sibilant is used

• VOICING of s or z is particularly badly represented

– base phase loose choose

– rates clothes wages

NO RULE

RULE!

s z s z

• plural – the dog gave two short barks• possessive – the dog’s bark, the dogs’

barks• 3rd person sg. – this dog barks• abbreviation for is – his bark’s worse than

his bite• abbreviation for has – his bark’s been

recorded

-s, -’s, -s’, -es

cats cat’s cats’ gets barks -

-s, -’s, -s’, -es

dogs dog’s dog’s runs mews -

fishes fish’s fishes’ massescatches judges roses Rose’sboxes Butch’s

2

1

Nasals

The following slides were made using Daniel Currie Hall’s website athttp://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~danhall/phonetics/sammy.html

Features:voicedbilabialstop

b

Features:voicedbilabialnasal

m

Features:voicedalveolarstop

d

Features:voicedalveolarnasal

n

Features:voicedvelarstop

g

Features:voicedvelarnasal

Features:voicedbilabialnasal

m

Features:unvoicedbilabialnasal

mo

Features:voicedalveolarnasal

n

Features:unvoicedalveolarnasal

no

Features:voicedvelarnasal

Features:unvoicedvelarnasal

o

English: 3 nasals

Icelandic: 10 nasals

SHORT LONG UNVOICED

BILAB

ALV

PAL

VEL

ng?

singer finger

hanger anger

sting stink

longer longest

younger youngest

stronger strongest

EXCEPTIONS: