Recap: Vowels & Consonants
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Transcript of Recap: Vowels & Consonants
Recap: Vowels & Consonants
V – central “sound” of the syllableC – outer “shell” of the syllable
(C) V (C)(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)
Recap: Vowels & ConsonantsV – central “sound” of the syllableC – outer “shell” of the syllable
Syllabic ConsonantsV – central “sound” of the syllableC – outer “shell” of the syllable
buttonlittleteacher
LPD
Consonants
3 features:• Manner• Place• Voicing
How much constriction?plosive: completely blockedfricative: partly blocked
approximant: slightly hindered
nasalizationDoes the air flow through both the nose and the mouth, or just the mouth?
1 Manner of ArticulationConsonants: 3 phonetic features
affricate: plosive + fricative
2 Place of ArticulationConsonants: 3 phonetic features
Where in the mouth does the constriction occur?
What parts of the mouth are involved (lips, teeth, tongue, roof of the mouth)?
bilabiallabiodentaldentalalveolarpalatalvelarglottal
2 Place of ArticulationConsonants: 3 phonetic features
2 Place of ArticulationConsonants: 3 phonetic features
Plosives:bilabialalveolar
velar(palatal)
Consonants:plosives
The following slides were made using Daniel Currie Hall’s website athttp://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~danhall/phonetics/sammy.html
2 Place of ArticulationConsonants: 3 phonetic features
Plosives:bilabialalveolar
velar(palatal)
2 Place of ArticulationConsonants: 3 phonetic features
Plosives:bilabialalveolar
velar(palatal)
2 Place of ArticulationConsonants: 3 phonetic features
Plosives:bilabialalveolar
velar(palatal)
2 Place of ArticulationConsonants: 3 phonetic features
Plosives:bilabialalveolar
velar(palatal)
3 VoicingConsonants: 3 phonetic features
Are the vocal chords vibrating or not?
REMEMBER THE TERMSFORTIS and LENIS
(at least until the next slideshow)
Features:unvoicedbilabialstop
p
The six RP plosives
Features:voicedbilabialstop
b
The six RP plosives
Features:unvoicedalveolarstop
t
The six RP plosives
Features:voicedalveolarstop
d
The six RP plosives
Features:unvoicedvelarstop
k
The six RP plosives
Features:voicedvelarstop
g
The six RP plosives
bilabialalveolar
velar(palatal)
Recap: Plosives
labiodentaldentalalveolar
post-alveolarpalato-alveolar
Places of articulation: fricatives
Features:unvoicedbilabialstop
p
pipe
Features:voicedbilabialstop
b
baby
(Features:unvoicedbilabialfricative)
(Features:voicedbilabialfricative)
vamos
Features:unvoicedlabiodentalfricative
f
fine, life
Features:voicedlabiodentalfricative
v
very clever
Features:unvoiceddentalfricative
think
Features:voiceddentalfricative
ð
this
Features:unvoicedalveolarstop
t
tart
Features:voicedalveolarstop
d
did
Features:unvoicedalveolarfricative
s
sea
Features:voicedalveolarfricative
z
zero
Features:unvoicedpostalveolarfricative
she, pressure
Features:voicedpostalveolarfricative
measure
Features:unvoicedglottalfricative
h
home
Wells, under “Articulation”
f,v
f,v
,ð =þ
ð
Affricates
• There are no affricates in Icelandic, but if you’ve mastered the post-alveolar fricatives they should cause no problems
chess
Jess
fortis
lenis
Don’t forget to make a clear distinction between the fortis and lenis forms:
rich - ridge larch – largesearch – surge
• not only with the voicing of , • but also by clipping caused by
Affricates
SIBILANTS
sea ship zero measure church judge
sea ship zero measure church judge
sí sjipp seró mesjúr tsörts dsöds
Problems with sibilants
• Icelandic has only 1 sibilant:
• English has 4:
and two afficates:
Problems with sibilants
• Spelling is a poor indication of which sibilant is used
• VOICING of s or z is particularly badly represented
– base phase loose choose
– rates clothes wages
NO RULE
RULE!
s z s z
• plural – the dog gave two short barks• possessive – the dog’s bark, the dogs’
barks• 3rd person sg. – this dog barks• abbreviation for is – his bark’s worse than
his bite• abbreviation for has – his bark’s been
recorded
-s, -’s, -s’, -es
cats cat’s cats’ gets barks -
-s, -’s, -s’, -es
dogs dog’s dog’s runs mews -
fishes fish’s fishes’ massescatches judges roses Rose’sboxes Butch’s
2
1
Nasals
The following slides were made using Daniel Currie Hall’s website athttp://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~danhall/phonetics/sammy.html
Features:voicedbilabialstop
b
Features:voicedbilabialnasal
m
Features:voicedalveolarstop
d
Features:voicedalveolarnasal
n
Features:voicedvelarstop
g
Features:voicedvelarnasal
Features:voicedbilabialnasal
m
Features:unvoicedbilabialnasal
mo
Features:voicedalveolarnasal
n
Features:unvoicedalveolarnasal
no
Features:voicedvelarnasal
Features:unvoicedvelarnasal
o
English: 3 nasals
Icelandic: 10 nasals
SHORT LONG UNVOICED
BILAB
ALV
PAL
VEL
ng?
singer finger
hanger anger
sting stink
longer longest
younger youngest
stronger strongest
EXCEPTIONS: