- 1. III.Atoms, Elements andMinerals
- A. Changing scales to looking at the
- elementsof the earth and its crust( 8 most common )
- B. Introduction tomineralsthat comprise rocks
- C. Thesilicate minerals( 7 )
- D.Otherimportant rock-forming minerals ( 4 )
2. A. Changing Scale : Zooming in from global view to atomic
scale Thecrustis made ofrocks > Rocksare made ofminerals>
Quartz Biotite Feldspar 3. A. Changing Scale : Zooming in from
global view to atomic scale Rocksare made ofminerals>Mineralsare
made ofatoms 4. Atoms and Elements
-
- -charge(balances each proton +)
Electron Shells 5. Ions
- Incomplete electron shells tend to be filled
-
- 17 electrons would make it neutral (no charge) with the last
shell one electron short {2, 8,7 }Soooo
-
- Tends to grab an electron to fill the third shell
-
- Making it anegativelychargedIon(anion)
6. Ions
-
- Sodium, at.# 11 {2, 8,1 }Na +
-
- Oxygen, at.# 8 {2, 6 },O -2
-
- Silicon, at.# 14{2,8,4}Si +4
(Cation) Oxygen Sodium 7. 8. Most Common Elements of Earths
Crust Oxygen: O -2 Silicon: Si +4 Aluminum: Al +3 Iron: Fe +2or+3
Calcium:Ca +2 Sodium:Na +1 Potassium:K +1 Magnesium:Mg +2 9. B.
Introduction to Minerals
-
- Mineral mined for rock salt and table salt
-
- Opposites attract, elements bond
10. Intro to Minerals
- Repeating 3-D pattern forms a Crystalline Solid (orCrystal
)
- Naturally occurringcrystals areMinerals
- Crystalline structure and bonding leads to physical
properties:hardness, crystal form, cleavage specific gravity
(density)(pg. 38-43)
Crystal Form 3 planes of cleavage 11.
- Snow Flake(Ice Crystal) due tocrystallinestructure of H 2
O
Some Familiar Crystal Forms Fig. 2.15a 12. Silica Tetrahedra
- The building block of most common rock forming minerals
-
- FourO 2- in a tetrahedral configuration
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- OneSi 4+nested in the center
13. Silica Tetrahedra
- The building block of most common rock forming minerals
-
- FourO 2- in a tetrahedral configuration
-
- OneSi 4+nested in the center
14. Silica Tetrahedra
- The building block of most common rock forming minerals
-
- FourO 2- in a tetrahedral configuration
-
- OneSi 4+nested in the center
15. Silica Tetrahedra
- The building block of most common rock forming minerals
-
- FourO 2- in a tetrahedral configuration
-
- OneSi 4+nested in the center
16. Silica Tetrahedra
- The building block of most common rock forming minerals
-
- FourO 2- in a tetrahedral configuration
-
- OneSi 4+nested in the center
17. Silica Tetrahedra
- The building block of most common rock forming minerals
-
- FourO 2- in a tetrahedral configuration
-
- OneSi 4+nested in the center
18. Silica Tetrahedra
- The building block of most common rock forming minerals
-
- FourO 2- in a tetrahedral configuration
-
- OneSi 4+nested in the center
19. Silica Tetrahedra
- The building block of most common rock forming minerals
-
- FourO 2- in a tetrahedral configuration
-
- OneSi 4+nested in the center
-4 20.
- With adefinitechemical composition
-
- A definite range of compositionsMineral Group ,e.g.
Olivine
Definition of Mineral 21. C. Silica Tetrahedra and Silicate
Minerals
- Si and O bond in atetrahedronshape
- The basic building block of most minerals of the crust
- Bond with othertetrahedraand cations to formSilicate
Minerals
* * 22. Silicate Minerals: Examples
- (Fe,Mg)2SiO 4OlivineMineralGroup
Definite Range 23. Silicate Minerals: Examples
-
- Isolated silicate structure
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- bonded with iron and magnesium
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- Makes upmuch of the mantle