Post on 17-Jan-2016
Progressive Presidents Continued
Mrs. Sadler 2010
So…does TR deserve the spot?
Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt
William Howard Taft
Taft and Domestic Reform
• Used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to prosecute Monopolies
• Endorsed 8 Hour Work Day
• Prosecuted US Steel in 1910
• Preferred not to Bypass Congress like TR
• Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act – betrayed progressives – supposed to lower tariffs but actually raised them on some goods.
How do people acquire companies?
• Purchase out right (but need lots of ready cash)
• Purchase majority of company stocks (51% = control of the company)
• Hostile takeovers
• Rockefeller and others created their monopolies this way
Taft as a Progressive Reformer
• Children’s Bureau in Dept. of Labor
• Federal Income Tax (16th Amendment)
• Direct Election of Senators (17th Amend)
• Restored Land for Conservation
• Took on 80 Anti-Trust Prosecutions
Robert Lafollette• Governor of Wisconsin
• Progressive – open up the political process to be more democratic, end to political machines
• Transparency
• Wisconsin - Laboratory of Democracy
1912 - TR and Bull Moose Party
• Republicans not progressive enough.
• Starts own party.
Americanization
• Citizens worried that immigrants were diluting American culture and society
• Ways of Americanizing/forced assimilation– Use public schools to make immigrant children
American– English only– Citizenship– Civics classes in factories/work places
Warm up
• What was notable about Taft’s presidency?
Woodrow Wilson
The Election of 1912
• Taft-Republican
• Wilson- Democrat
• Theodore Roosevelt- Progressive or Bull Moose Party
• Eugene Debs- Socialist Party
Wilson’s New Freedoms
• Lowering Tariffs
• Breaking up the power of Wall Street
• Control Business and break up the trusts
TR’s New Nationalism
• Regulate, not destroy, Big Business
• More Direct Democracy in Politics
• More Government Social Justice Programs
The Election of 1912
• Teddy splits Republican votes.
• Democrat Wilson wins.
Significance of Election of 1912
• Featured All Progressives
• First Election to feature direct primaries
• Gave Democrats national power
• Return of the South as national power
• Reformers switch to the Democratic Party (still associated with that party today)
Woodrow Wilson
Wilson’s Legacy• Tariff reform – lowers because he believes greater
competition will improve American prices @ cheaper prices
• Income tax based on individual/corporate earnings
• Established Federal Reserve System to monitor interest rates and amount of money in circulation.
• Federal Trade Commission (FTC) – monitors business
• Clayton Anti-trust Act – legalized trade unions
Wilson & Women’s Suffrage
• Women did not think he was doing enough.
• 1916 - National Women’s Party formed to force Wilson to take action.
• Alice Paul - NWP
Carrie Chapman Catt
• Suffragette
• Founded NAWSA – National American Women’s Suffrage Association
Legacy of Progressivism
• Ends with advent of WWI
• Never helped black people
• Greater role for government at every level; local, state, and national
Guess Who?
• Former governor of California, progressive, Bull Moose Party V.P. Candidate?
Hiram Johnson
Guess Who?
• Big name in labor relations and labor union
• Legacy - Arbitration
Samuel Gompers
Guess Who?
• Suffragette, founded National Women’s Party, used protest to get Wilson’s attention
Alice Paul
Guess who?
• America’s Herbert Spencer, avid Social Darwinist?
• Worked with Spencer Herbert
William Graham Sumner
Guess Who?
• Preacher, former baseball player, Leader of Temperance Movement
Billy Sunday
Guess Who?
• Preacher, Publisher, started Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), popularized gospel music
Dwight L. Moody
What is the difference?
• Social Gospel
• Gospel of Wealth