The Progressive Presidents US History: Spiconardi.
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Transcript of The Progressive Presidents US History: Spiconardi.
Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt
Despite being a conservative, Teddy Despite being a conservative, Teddy used the power of the presidency to used the power of the presidency to deal directly with social and deal directly with social and economic problemseconomic problems Presidency had any power not Presidency had any power not
specifically denied in the Constitutionspecifically denied in the Constitution
Theodore Roosevelt: The Square Theodore Roosevelt: The Square Deal Deal
Consumer ProtectionConsumer Protection Upon reading Upton Sinclair’s The Upon reading Upton Sinclair’s The
Jungle, TR orders investigationsJungle, TR orders investigations TR supports legislation to ensure purity of TR supports legislation to ensure purity of
food & drugsfood & drugs Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Meat Inspection Act (1906)Meat Inspection Act (1906)
Theodore Roosevelt: The Square Theodore Roosevelt: The Square DealDeal
Regulating BusinessRegulating Business The “Trustbuster”The “Trustbuster”
TR was not against trusts; he believed there TR was not against trusts; he believed there were good ones and bad oneswere good ones and bad ones
Uses Justice Department to prosecuteUses Justice Department to prosecute Railroad, meatpacking, and oil trustsRailroad, meatpacking, and oil trusts
Encouraged companies that wanted to Encouraged companies that wanted to merge to work with the government merge to work with the government
Theodore Roosevelt: The Square Theodore Roosevelt: The Square DealDeal
Labor ConditionsLabor Conditions Investigated coal mines in Pennsylvania Investigated coal mines in Pennsylvania
when company refused to go to when company refused to go to arbitration with striking workersarbitration with striking workers
Threatened to re-open mines using federal Threatened to re-open mines using federal troopstroops
This forced management to go to arbitration This forced management to go to arbitration TR wants a square deal TR wants a square deal fair for everyone: fair for everyone:
management, labor, consumersmanagement, labor, consumers
Theodore Roosevelt: The Square Theodore Roosevelt: The Square DealDeal
ConservationConservation ““We are prone to think of the resources We are prone to think of the resources
of this country as inexhaustible; this is of this country as inexhaustible; this is not so.”not so.”
Protected nations environment and Protected nations environment and wildernesswilderness
Purchased parkland, forests, Purchased parkland, forests, monuments and wildlife refugesmonuments and wildlife refuges
Triples the amount of public landTriples the amount of public land
William Howard TaftWilliam Howard Taft
o Hand picked successor of TR (Teddy Hand picked successor of TR (Teddy kept GW’s precedent of two-terms)kept GW’s precedent of two-terms)
William Howard Taft: ReformsWilliam Howard Taft: Reforms
ReformsReforms Contrary to popular belief, busts more Contrary to popular belief, busts more
trusts than TRtrusts than TR Supported eight-hour workday and mine Supported eight-hour workday and mine
safety legislationsafety legislation Sixteenth AmendmentSixteenth Amendment federal income federal income
taxtax Seventeenth AmendmentSeventeenth Amendment direct direct
election of senatorselection of senators
William Howard Taft: ProblemsWilliam Howard Taft: Problems
ProblemsProblems Not a great politician like TRNot a great politician like TR Wanted to lower tariffs, while Congress Wanted to lower tariffs, while Congress
raised themraised them Progressives felt he backed down on this by Progressives felt he backed down on this by
not vetoing a tariff raising bill not vetoing a tariff raising bill Republican Party spilt over protecting American Republican Party spilt over protecting American
business, while combating trustsbusiness, while combating trusts
Election of 1912Election of 1912
Election of 1912Election of 1912 TR upset that Taft allows business men to buy TR upset that Taft allows business men to buy
public land in Alaskapublic land in Alaska Decides to run against Taft as a member of Decides to run against Taft as a member of
“Bull Moose Party”“Bull Moose Party”
Election of 1912Election of 1912
Best showing of a third party Best showing of a third party candidatecandidate
Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson
Republicans split vote and democrat Republicans split vote and democrat Woodrow Wilson wins presidency Woodrow Wilson wins presidency
Woodrow Wilson: New FreedomWoodrow Wilson: New Freedom
New FreedomNew Freedom Concentrated economic power threatened Concentrated economic power threatened
individual libertyindividual liberty Monopolies had to be broken up so the Monopolies had to be broken up so the
marketplace could truly be openmarketplace could truly be open ““Without …interference of the government…Without …interference of the government…
there can be no fair play between individuals there can be no fair play between individuals and such powerful institutions as the trust.”and such powerful institutions as the trust.”
Woodrow Wilson: Financial Woodrow Wilson: Financial ReformsReforms
Financial ReformsFinancial Reforms Underwood Tariff Act Underwood Tariff Act
lowers tariffs for the first times lowers tariffs for the first times since the Civil Warsince the Civil War
provides for graduated income provides for graduated income tax/progressive taxtax/progressive tax
Creates Federal Trade Creates Federal Trade Commission to investigate Commission to investigate businesses businesses
Federal Reserve SystemFederal Reserve System National Banking System (12 National Banking System (12
banks)banks) Provided for fair interest ratesProvided for fair interest rates Money no longer would Money no longer would
depend on gold supplydepend on gold supply
Income level Tax rate
up to $20,000 1%
$20,000 - $50,000 2%
$50,000 - $75,000 3%
$75,000 - $100,000 4%
$100,000 - $250,000 5%
$250,000 - $500,000 6%
over $500,000 7%