Digestion

Prehension Lips, teeth, limbs, tongue (ingesta)

Mastication Teeth Salivary glands Buccal Lingual

Deglutition Pharynx Larynx Esophagus

Oral Cavity

Herbivore Omnivore Carnivore

Monogastric Stomach Cardiac Sphincter Fundus Pyloric sphincter Gastric Enzymes

Stomach

Ruminant “Foregut Fermenters” Rumen  Reticulum (“Honey comb”) food packed into balls“Chewing their cud” Omasum (“Cannon ball”) Abomasum (“True stomach”)

Stomach

Small Intestines Duodenum

Liver/GallbladderPancreas

Jejunum Ileum

Large Intestines Cecum Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon

RectumAnus

Intestines

Esophagus Crop (food storage with partial digestion) Proventriculus (true stomach) Gizzard (grinds up the seed) Small Intestine Ceca (microbial digestion) Large Intestine Cloaca (common chamber) Vent

Avian Digestive System

o Anorexia

o Anus  ◦ Ascites  ◦ Cachexia 

◦ Cirrhosis  ◦ Constipation  

◦ Coprophagia

Terminology

◦ Dysentery (dys = painful, enter=intestines)  ◦ Emaciation  

◦ Emulsification  

◦ Flatulence  ◦ Fistula

◦ Icterus (jaundice)

◦ Splenomegaly

Terminology

GDV (gastric dilatation volvulus) Symptoms: unproductive vomiting; reluctance to move; bloating Treatment: decompress the stomach with a stomach tube, surgically

attach the stomach wall to the abdominal wall

Pathological Conditions

Displaced Abomasum

Symptoms: bloat Treatment: trochar, surgically attach the abomasum wall to the

abdominal wall

Pathological Conditions

Gastric Ulcers:Common with animals that have been given un-buffered aspirin. Most pathologic in foals. Common in pigs, ferrets, and horses.

Pathological Conditions

Bloat Excessive accumulation of gas in both ruminant and simple stomachs. Trocar to relieve pressure

Pathological Conditions

Hardware Disease – perforation of the reticular wall by a metal object

Symptoms: decreased appetite, salivation, weight loss Diagnose: put pressure between the shoulder blades and see

if the animal drops to their knees Treatment: place several magnets down the throat into the

stomach

Pathological Conditions

Ruminal FistulaPermanent opening of the rumen to the outside used to study rumen physiology and nutrition

Pathological Conditions

Torsion of the intestine Twisting of the intestine and cutting off blood supply Severe abdominal cramping occur

Intussuception A segment of the intestine inverts (telescope) Symptons include acute vomiting, severe abdominal cramping

Small bowel intussusception at the jejunum area

Pathological Conditions

Rectal prolapse Protrusion through the anus of the rectal mucosa Uncommon in most species but common place in the pig because

of the anatomical weakness in the area and reptiles

Pathological Conditions

Feline Hepatic Lipidosis – accumulation of fat within the liver. Symptoms include anorexia, vomiting, lethargy

Pancreatitis – inflammation of the pancreas cats – have no definitive symptoms dogs – persistent vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea

Pathological Conditions

Colic – severe abdominal pain in horsesTypes of colic: Idiopathic - no root cause determined. (over 80% of all colics) Impaction - sand, dirt, feed, or other indigestible material. Gas (spasmodic Gastric rupture Enteritis Strangulation/torsion

Pathological Conditions

Vomiting (emesis) – CNS reflex

Pathological Conditions